肾移植后因免疫抑制剂的不良反应转换应用咪唑立宾的效果

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of conversion therapy to mizoribine (MZR) for renal transplant patients who suffered MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Methods In 56 patients with adverse reactions at different time points after renal transplantation, there were 23 cases of pulmonary infection, 14 cases of bone marrow depression, 6 cases of hepatic functional lesion and 13 cases of diarrhea. The immunosuppressive protocols of these patients were changed to CNI + MZR + Pre when the adverse reaction occurred. During the follow-up period (11 to 53 months), the effect and adverse events of conversion treatment were observed. Results After conversion treatment, 1 of 23 patients with pulmonary infection was re-infected after 26 months and finally died of heart and lung function failure. In 14 patients with bone marrow depression, blood test returned to normal in 13cases. Six patients with hepatic functional lesion were administered hepatoprotection treatment and their liver function was restored without recurrence of impaired liver function. All 13 patients with diarrhea were relieved without recurrence. The serum creatinine was 123 ± 21.3 μmol/L and 119±18. 2 μmol/L before and after the conversion therapy respectively (P＞0. 05). During the follow-up period, all patients' graft function was good. The incidence of rejection was 1.7 % (1 case). Nine patients (16. 1 %) had a higher level of uric acid after conversion. One patient had finger and toe joint pain. The symptoms were relieved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion There were high security and good effect of conversion therapy to MZR due to MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Besides, MZR conversion therapy for renal transplantation patients provided a new option for individual immunosuppression.     

肾移植后因免疫抑制剂的不良反应转换应用咪唑立宾的效果

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of conversion therapy to mizoribine (MZR) for renal transplant patients who suffered MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Methods In 56 patients with adverse reactions at different time points after renal transplantation, there were 23 cases of pulmonary infection, 14 cases of bone marrow depression, 6 cases of hepatic functional lesion and 13 cases of diarrhea. The immunosuppressive protocols of these patients were changed to CNI + MZR + Pre when the adverse reaction occurred. During the follow-up period (11 to 53 months), the effect and adverse events of conversion treatment were observed. Results After conversion treatment, 1 of 23 patients with pulmonary infection was re-infected after 26 months and finally died of heart and lung function failure. In 14 patients with bone marrow depression, blood test returned to normal in 13cases. Six patients with hepatic functional lesion were administered hepatoprotection treatment and their liver function was restored without recurrence of impaired liver function. All 13 patients with diarrhea were relieved without recurrence. The serum creatinine was 123 ± 21.3 μmol/L and 119±18. 2 μmol/L before and after the conversion therapy respectively (P＞0. 05). During the follow-up period, all patients' graft function was good. The incidence of rejection was 1.7 % (1 case). Nine patients (16. 1 %) had a higher level of uric acid after conversion. One patient had finger and toe joint pain. The symptoms were relieved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion There were high security and good effect of conversion therapy to MZR due to MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Besides, MZR conversion therapy for renal transplantation patients provided a new option for individual immunosuppression.     

肾移植后因免疫抑制剂的不良反应转换应用咪唑立宾的效果

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of conversion therapy to mizoribine (MZR) for renal transplant patients who suffered MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Methods In 56 patients with adverse reactions at different time points after renal transplantation, there were 23 cases of pulmonary infection, 14 cases of bone marrow depression, 6 cases of hepatic functional lesion and 13 cases of diarrhea. The immunosuppressive protocols of these patients were changed to CNI + MZR + Pre when the adverse reaction occurred. During the follow-up period (11 to 53 months), the effect and adverse events of conversion treatment were observed. Results After conversion treatment, 1 of 23 patients with pulmonary infection was re-infected after 26 months and finally died of heart and lung function failure. In 14 patients with bone marrow depression, blood test returned to normal in 13cases. Six patients with hepatic functional lesion were administered hepatoprotection treatment and their liver function was restored without recurrence of impaired liver function. All 13 patients with diarrhea were relieved without recurrence. The serum creatinine was 123 ± 21.3 μmol/L and 119±18. 2 μmol/L before and after the conversion therapy respectively (P＞0. 05). During the follow-up period, all patients' graft function was good. The incidence of rejection was 1.7 % (1 case). Nine patients (16. 1 %) had a higher level of uric acid after conversion. One patient had finger and toe joint pain. The symptoms were relieved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion There were high security and good effect of conversion therapy to MZR due to MMF or Aza adverse reaction. Besides, MZR conversion therapy for renal transplantation patients provided a new option for individual immunosuppression.     

吸入性损伤患者早期气管切开拔管时机及后期并发症分析

Objective To investigate the appropriate extubation time and treatment of late complications after early tracheotomy in patients with moderate or severe inhalation injury. Methods One hundred and fifty patients ( 105 males and 45 females) with inhalation injury were admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to January 2009. Among them, 109 out of 129 cases with moderate inhalation injury received early tracheotomy, and all 21 cases with severe inhalation injury received early tracheotomy. Data were collected for analysis as follows: ( 1 ) incidence of re-intubation due to suffocation and pneumonia incidence after extubation within 2 weeks or after 2 weeks post inhalation injury (PⅡ), and mortality rate within the first week after injury were recorded. (2) Conservative treatments including expectorant, oral antibiotics, and absolute bedrest were recommended for patients who had severe cough, hoarseness or poor pulmonary function after late extubation and closure of tracheostomy wound. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy findings ( tracheostenosis degree, granuloma formation rate, vocal cord paralysis rate) and pulmonary function index ( FEV1 ) data were collected and analyzed in 30 cases with moderate inhalation injury and 10 cases with severe inhalation injury within 3 months after injury for follow-up. Data were processed with t test or chi-square test. Results There was no obvious difference in the rate of re-intubation after extubation in patients with moderate inhalation injury between those done within 2 weeks PⅡ ( 15/70, 21.4% ) and those done after 2 weeks PⅡ (2/25, 8.0% ) ( x 2 = 1.52, P ＞ 0.05 ). Pneumonia incidence in patients of moderate inhalation injury with extubation within 2 weeks PⅡ (21/70, 30.0% ) was lower than those with extubation after 2 weeks PⅡ (15/25, 60.0% ) (x 2= 7.04, P ＜ 0.05). Levels of above-mentioned indexes in patients with severe inhalation injury extubated in diffferent stages were similar to those of patients with moderate inhalation injury.Within the first week after injury, mortality rate of patients with severe inhalation injury was higher than that of patients with moderate inhalation injury ( x 2 = 11.90, P ＜ 0.05 ). During follow-up, tracheostenosis rate in patients with moderate or severe inhalation injury was 100.0%; granuloma formation rate and vocal cord paralysis rate in patients with severe inhalation injury were higher than those of patients with moderate inhalation injury ( with x 2 value respectively 4.59, 13.47, P values all below 0.05 ). The FEV1 value of patients with moderate inhalation injury in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd month after injury was respectively higher than that of patients with severe inhalation injury ( with t value respectively 5.48, 12. 10, 6.25, P values all below 0.05). The values recovered to normal level in the 3rd month after injury. Conclusions Extubation time of tracheotomy for patients with moderate or severe inhalation injury within 2 weeks or after 2 weeks PⅡ has its own advantage and disadvantage, and it should be performed according to specific conditions of each patient. Conservative treatment is optional for late complications of respiratory system.     

吸入性损伤患者早期气管切开拔管时机及后期并发症分析

Objective To investigate the appropriate extubation time and treatment of late complications after early tracheotomy in patients with moderate or severe inhalation injury. Methods One hundred and fifty patients ( 105 males and 45 females) with inhalation injury were admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to January 2009. Among them, 109 out of 129 cases with moderate inhalation injury received early tracheotomy, and all 21 cases with severe inhalation injury received early tracheotomy. Data were collected for analysis as follows: ( 1 ) incidence of re-intubation due to suffocation and pneumonia incidence after extubation within 2 weeks or after 2 weeks post inhalation injury (PⅡ), and mortality rate within the first week after injury were recorded. (2) Conservative treatments including expectorant, oral antibiotics, and absolute bedrest were recommended for patients who had severe cough, hoarseness or poor pulmonary function after late extubation and closure of tracheostomy wound. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy findings ( tracheostenosis degree, granuloma formation rate, vocal cord paralysis rate) and pulmonary function index ( FEV1 ) data were collected and analyzed in 30 cases with moderate inhalation injury and 10 cases with severe inhalation injury within 3 months after injury for follow-up. Data were processed with t test or chi-square test. Results There was no obvious difference in the rate of re-intubation after extubation in patients with moderate inhalation injury between those done within 2 weeks PⅡ ( 15/70, 21.4% ) and those done after 2 weeks PⅡ (2/25, 8.0% ) ( x 2 = 1.52, P ＞ 0.05 ). Pneumonia incidence in patients of moderate inhalation injury with extubation within 2 weeks PⅡ (21/70, 30.0% ) was lower than those with extubation after 2 weeks PⅡ (15/25, 60.0% ) (x 2= 7.04, P ＜ 0.05). Levels of above-mentioned indexes in patients with severe inhalation injury extubated in diffferent stages were similar to those of patients with moderate inhalation injury.Within the first week after injury, mortality rate of patients with severe inhalation injury was higher than that of patients with moderate inhalation injury ( x 2 = 11.90, P ＜ 0.05 ). During follow-up, tracheostenosis rate in patients with moderate or severe inhalation injury was 100.0%; granuloma formation rate and vocal cord paralysis rate in patients with severe inhalation injury were higher than those of patients with moderate inhalation injury ( with x 2 value respectively 4.59, 13.47, P values all below 0.05 ). The FEV1 value of patients with moderate inhalation injury in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd month after injury was respectively higher than that of patients with severe inhalation injury ( with t value respectively 5.48, 12. 10, 6.25, P values all below 0.05). The values recovered to normal level in the 3rd month after injury. Conclusions Extubation time of tracheotomy for patients with moderate or severe inhalation injury within 2 weeks or after 2 weeks PⅡ has its own advantage and disadvantage, and it should be performed according to specific conditions of each patient. Conservative treatment is optional for late complications of respiratory system.     

肺移植100例临床分析

目的 探讨肺移植的适应证、手术方式、围手术期处理、术后并发症及疗效.方法 回顾分析100例终末期肺疾病患者接受肺移植的临床资料,受者原发疾病包括特发性肺间质纤维化47例,慢性阻塞性肺疾病33例,职业性尘肺5例,支气管扩张5例,先天性房室间隔缺损并发艾森曼格综合征4例,肺结核2例,特发性肺动脉高压2例,以及肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤病和原发性肺泡细胞癌各1例.100例肺移植中,单肺移植72例,双肺移植28例,61例在体外循环支持下完成,其中常规体外循环5例,体外膜肺氧合56例.术后对所有受者进行了随访,观察受者术后并发症发生情况及预后.结果 术后早期(30 d内)死亡18例,死亡原因包括肺部感染10例,原发性移植物功能丧失6例,急性排斥反应1例,肺梗塞1例.术后主要并发症包括肺部严重感染11例,原发性移植物功能丧失10例,急性排斥反应3例,气管吻合口狭窄10例,气管吻合口瘘3例,胸腔内活动性渗血3例,肺动脉栓塞3例,肺动脉狭窄1例,下肢深静脉血栓1例,远期随访中出现闭塞性细支气管炎15例及单肺移植后自体肺并发肺癌1例.术后1、2、3、5年累积存活率分别为73.3%、61.6%、53.5%和40.7%.结论 肺移植是治疗多种终末期肺病的有效方法,肺移植围手术期死亡率高,完善的围手术期处理是提高肺移植成功率的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To estimate the indications, operative technique, perioperative treatment, postoperative complications and the outcome of lung transplantation (LTx) for end-stage pulmonary diseases. Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with end-stage lung diseases receiving LTx in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The main indications for LTx were as follows:idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, 47/100), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 33/100),silicosis (5/100 ), bronchiectasis ( 5/100 ), Eisenmenger syndrome (4/100 ), secondary lung tuberculosis (2/100), idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ( 2/100 ), lung lymphangioleiomyomatosis ( 1/100), primary alveolar cell carcicoma (1/100). There were 72 patients receiving single LTx and 28 patients receiving bilateral LTx. Sixty-one patients received lTx under circulation support, including 5 cases of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) support and 56 cases of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. All the patients were followed up when they discharged from our hospital. The issues including postoperative complications and prognosis were observed. Results The perioperative survival rate was 82. 0 % (82/100). There were 18 deaths in early stage (30 days) after LTx: 10 due to pulmonary infection, 6 due to primary graft dysfunction (PGD), 1 due to acute rejection (AR) and 1 due to pulmonary infarction. The common complications included lung infection (11 cases), PGD (10 cases), AR (3 cases), tracheostenosis (10 cases), stoma fistula (3 cases),hemorrhage (3 cases), pulmonary embolism (3 cases), pulmonary artery stenosis (one case) and thrombus in the deep veins of lower limb (one case). During long-term follow-up period, 15 patients developed obliterative bronchiolitis, and one patient suffered from lung cancer in his contralateral native lung. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rate after LTx was 73.3 %, 61.6 %, 53.5 % and 40. 7 % respectively. Conclusion LTx is an effective therapy for various end-stage pulmonary diseases. Perioperative mortality is especially high in patients undergoing LTx. Consummate perioperative management is the key to increase survival rate.     

手助腹腔镜与开腹脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术的临床分析

Objective To investigate the changes in liver function and the efficacy of either hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) or open splenectomy (OS) in combination with pericardial devascularization in the treatment of portal hypertension. Methods The clinical data of 94 patients who received splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization to treat portal hypertension due to cirrhosis from Jan 2002 to May 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. 56 patients received OS and 38patients HALS. The operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, liver dysfunction and mortality were analyzed according to the Child's grading. Results There was no difference in the operating time between HALS and OS (P＞0. 05). The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications were 5.6% and 10.8%, respectively (P＜0. 05). There was no significant difference in the serum ALT between HALS and OS, but there was a significant difference in the ALB (P＜0. 05). The AST also had a significant difference on postoperative day 5 (P＜0. 05). The serum ALT and AST were elevated after HALS, but there was a significant difference only for AST (P＜0.05). The serum ALT and AST in OS were significantly higher after than before operation (P＜0. 05). The serum ALB in OS was significantly lower after operation (P＜0.05), but it was significantly lower only on postoperative days 1 and 3 (P＜0.05) in HALS. Conclusions Compared with OS, HALS combined with pericardial devascularization caused less damage to the intestinal tract and the liver function. It is a feasible and safe operation and it had fewer postoperative complications.     

肝肾联合移植28例临床分析

目的 总结肝肾联合移植治疗终末期肝脏合并肾脏疾病的体会.方法 对28例肝肾联合移植的临床资料进行回顾分析,并对手术适应证的选择、手术方式、免疫制剂方案的应用以及预后情况进行了分析整理和总结.结果 肝肾联合移植各种适应证中,肝肾功能衰竭占78.6 %(22/28),肝肾综合征占14.3 %(4/28),高草酸盐尿症及多囊肾合并多囊肝各占3.6 %(各1/28).所有受者均先行肝移植,再行肾移植.肝移植采用背驮式者4例,采用经典非转流式者24例,供肾植入位置首选右侧髂窝.术后随访5个月至7年8个月,受者1年存活率为92.9 %(26/28),3年存活率为78.3 %(18/23).28例受者中,围手术期发生移植肾功能不良4例,其中3例经保守治疗病情好转,1例死亡.1例因移植肝并发症于术后3个月再次行肝移植治疗,后好转,期间肾功能未受影响.术后发生肺部感染11例,其中1例死亡,其余10例经治疗后痊愈.无一例发生急性排斥反应.结论 肝肾联合移植是治疗终末期肝脏合并肾脏疾病的有效手段,术前应严格控制手术适应证,把握适当的手术时机.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience of treating the end stage of liver disease complicated with renal failure using combined liver-kidney transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 28 cases receiving combined liver-kidney transplantation were retrospectively analyzed, including the inclusion criteria of surgical indications, modus operandi, protocol of immunosuppression and the prognosis post-operation.Results Among these 28 cases in our study, 22 cases suffered from liver and renal failure, accounting for 78.6%; 4 cases were diagnosed as having hepatorenal syndrome, accounting for 14.3%; and 1 case had hyperoxaluria and polycystic liver with polycystic kidney. As for the modus operandi we used, piggy-back procedure was adopted for 4 patients and classic procedure without bypass was used for the rest. Donor kidneys were all put in the right iliac fossa. During the follow-up period of 5 months to 7 years, one-and 3-year survival rate of the recipients was 92.9% and 78.3% respectively. Among these 28 recipients, 4 cases had the graft renal dysfunction early post-operation: One died and 3 recovered through consecutive therapy. One case received re-transplantation of the liver 3 months after the first due to the relevant complications and then recovered. During this period, no impact on the renal function occurred. Eleven cases had pulmonary infection post-operation, and 1 died. No acute rejection occurred.Conclusion Combined liver-kidney transplantation is the effective treatment to the patients with end stage liver disease complicated with renal dysfunction. Suitable case selection and perfect operation timing were the key points to the success of combined liver-kidney transplantation.     

儿童肺棘球蚴病93例的临床分析

目的 探讨儿童肺棘球蚴病的临床特征及外科治疗方法.方法 对1980年1月至2008年12月收治的93例儿童肺棘球蚴病患者的临床表现、诊治情况、手术方式、预后、复发情况进行回顾性分析.本组男性54例,女性39例,年龄2～14岁.其中82例有流行区居住史,占88.2%;79例有明确的犬、羊接触史,占84.9%.单纯性肺棘球蚴病68例,占73.1%;复杂性棘球蚴病25例,占26.9%.手术方法以内囊完整摘除术及内囊穿刺摘除术为主.结果 所有患儿接受手术治疗,1例死于麻醉意外,其余均痊愈或好转出院.术后并发肺部感染6例,切口感染3例,胆汁胸膜漏1例.术后随访1～10年,随访率为81.7%(76/93),5例复发,复发率5.4%(5/93).结论 儿童肺包虫临床症状不典型,易误诊、漏诊.内囊完整摘除术的术后并发症发生率及复发率优于其他术式.

Abstract：

Objective To approach the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of children with pulmonary echinococcus. Methods Retrospective analysis of child patients with pulmonary echinococcus from January 1980 to December 2008 was carried out, associated with clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment, operation methods (complete removal of endocyst and cystectomy with needle aspiration), prognosis and recurrence. There were 93 patients (54 male and 39 female) aged from 2 to 14 years. There were 82 cases lived in the echinococcosis pulmonum endemic areas, accounting for 88.1% (82/93), and 79 cases of patients had obvious contact with dogs or sheep, accounting for 84.9%(79/93).There were 68 cases with simple pulmonary echinococcus accounted for 73. 1% (68/93), 25 cases suffered from complexity pulmonary hydatid, accounting for 26.9% (25/93). Results All patients were cured or improved after surgery except one dead. Six cases got postoperative pulmonary infection, 3 cases had wound infection, 1 case suffered from bile-pleura fistula. There were 76 patients (81.7%) followed up for 1 to 10 years after surgery. Five cases had recurrence, the recurrence rate was 5.4% (5/93). Conclusions The clinical symptoms of pulmonary echinococcus in children is not typical, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis take place easily. Complete removal of endocyst has low postoperative complications and lower relapse rate.     

胃癌合并门静脉高压症的手术治疗选择

目的 探讨胃癌合并门静脉高压症的手术方式选择.方法 回顾分析近5年内手术治疗的22例胃癌合并门静脉高压症临床资料,其中肝功能Child A级12例,Child B级10例.具体术式:全胃切除+贲门周围血管离断术11例,远端胃切除术9例,远端胃切除+脾切除术1例,远端胃切除+贲门周围血管离断术+保留胃后及左膈下动脉1例.肝功能Child A级患者均行胃癌D2根治术,Child B级患者均行胃癌D1根治术.术中均行肝活检.结果 本组手术并发症发生率为50%,死亡率为9%.肝功能Child A级患者行D2根治术的术后肝功能恶化率为42%,Child B级患者行D1根治术的术后肝功能恶化率为70%,两者相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但前者并发症发生率为25%,后者并发症发生率为80%,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).同期处理门静脉高压症的术后并发症发生率为77%,未处理门静脉高压症的术后并发症发生率为11%,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 胃癌合并门静脉高压症的外科治疗须根据患者的肝功能分级和门静脉高压程度等因素采取个体化处理.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the surgical approaches for gastric carcinoma accompanied by portal hypertension ( PHT).Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with PHT undergoing operation during 5 years were retrospectively analyzed.The liver function was Child's A in 12 cases, Child's B in 10 cases.Total gastrectomy + pericardial devascularization was performed in 11 cases, distal subtotal gastrectomy in 9 cases, distal subtotal gastrectomy + splenectomy in one, distal subtotal gastrectomy + pericardial devascularization in one.12 cases with Child's A underwent D2 lymph node (LN) dissection and 10 cases with Child's B were treated with D1 LN dissection.Liver biopsy was taken in all patients.Results Postoperative complications developed in 50% and mortality rate was 9%.The rate of liver function deterioration in patients of Child A ungergoing D2 lymph node dissection was 42% , and that of patients with Child B was 70%.The rate of postoperatiave complications in patients with Child A ungergoing D2 lymph node dissection was 25% , while that of patients with Child B was 80%.There was no significant difference in liver function deterioration rate between Child A and Child B (P ＞ 0.05) , but the rate of postoperative complications in Child A is much lower than those in Child B(P ＜ 0.05).The complication rate in patients receiving PHT targeting measures was 77% ,much higher than 11% in those without concurrent treatment of PHT ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Individualized surgical approache is crucial for treatment of gastric carcinoma accompanied by PHT.Surgical treatment should be on the basis of liver function and the severity of PHT.     

原位肝移植术后早期肝功能不全的相关危险因素分析

目的分析原位肝移植术后早期肝功能不全(early allograft dysfunction,EAD)的发生情况,并探讨EAD发生的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2016年1月至2020年12月实施的74例原位肝移植病人的临床资料,对可能导致术后EAD的围手术期相关因素进行单因素分析,然后将有显著性差异的因素纳入Logistic回归多因素分析。结果74例肝移植病人术后EAD的发生率为36.5%(27/74)。单因素分析结果显示,受者术前中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、术前血清总胆红素、术中失血量、术前肝功能Child-Pugh分级C级、术前终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分≥18分及术后出现胆道及血管并发症是EAD发生的潜在危险因素(均P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,肝移植术后EAD的独立危险因素为:术前MELD评分≥18分[OR=0.045,95%CI(0.003,0.605),P=0.045];移植术后出现胆道及血管并发症[OR=0.061,95%CI(0.009.0.419),P=0.004]。结论术前MELD评分≥18分及术后出现胆道及血管并发症是影响肝移植术后EAD的独立危险因素。临床上应该通过改善受者术前较差的肝功能和提高临床医师手术技巧来降低EAD的发生率。     

术前肺功能检查在脊柱侧凸手术治疗中的作用

目的评价术前肺功能检查(PFTs)在预测脊柱侧凸患者术后肺部并发症中的作用。方法以1996年10月～1999年10月完成的298例脊柱侧凸患者为研究对象,对患者术前肺功能与术后肺部并发症的关系进行分析。结果术后肺部并发症的发生率为64%;开胸手术肺部并发症的发生率为152%,而未开胸手术肺部并发症发生率为32%,两者间差异具有显著性(P=00000);正常PFTs患者术前呼吸困难症状发生率为27%,异常PFTs患者术前呼吸困难症状发生率为77%,提示术前呼吸困难症状与异常PFTs相关(P=001),但与肺部并发症发生无关(P=052)。在60%<肺活量占预计值的比例(FVCR)<80%、40%相似文献   

The lungs in renal failure.

Pulmonary function was studied in 55 patients with renal failure and no clinical or radiographic evidence of lung disease. A defect of gas transfer was found to be the rule due to a reduction in the diffusing capacity across the alveolar capillary membrane; this abnormality appeared to be related to the severity of the renal impairment. There was also a restrictive ventilatory defect which was more marked in male than in female patients. The significance of these findings is discussed, and attention is drawn to their relevance for patients receiving immuno-suppressive therapy or renal transplantation, in whom pulmonary complications are relatively common.     

老年患者腹部手术对呼吸功能的影响

目的评价老年患者腹部手术后呼吸功能的变化及其影响因素.方法60岁以上(包括60岁)择期腹部手术患者35例,分别在手术前和手术后第1、3、5、10d,应用脉冲振荡肺功能测定仪(IOS)测定最大肺活量(VCmax);用力肺活量(FVC)、第1s用力呼气容积(FEV10)、FEV1.0/FVC、最大通气量(MVV);呼气流速峰值(PEF)、用力肺活量为25%、50%和75%时的气流量(FEF25、FEF50、和FEF7s);中心气道阻力(Rc)、周边气道阻力(Rp)、共振频率(Fres)、呼吸总阻抗(Zrs)以及不同振荡频率下的通气阻力5赫兹时呼吸阻力(R5)、20赫兹时呼吸阻力(R20)和5赫兹时呼吸电抗(X5).结果与手术前相比,手术后第1、3、5dVCmax、FVC、FEV10、MVV、PEF、FEF25、FEF50均明显降低(P<0.01),并以手术后第1d最为明显,手术后第1dFres、Zrs和R5明显增加(P<0.01或0.05),而R20和R5不变.年龄70～79岁组较60～69岁组患者手术前和手术后第1、3、5dFEF10、MVV、PEF均显著降低(P<0.01或0.05);手术前ASA≥Ⅱ级患者肺通气功能(PEF、MVV)明显低于ASAⅠ级患者(P<0.05或0.01),而麻醉类型、手术部位、伤口疼痛程度、手术时间、术后胃肠减压持续时间及患者体重系数对手术后肺通气功能无明显影响(P>0.05).结论老年患者腹部手术后呼吸功能的改变主要发生于手术后早期,除表现为限制性通气障碍外,还存在阻塞性通气障碍,其改变程度与患者的年龄和术前伴随疾病有关.     

Pulmonary Complications After Elective Liver Transplantation-Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome

: After liver transplantation (LT), postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) occur in approximately 35% to 50% of the recipients. Among these PPC, pneumonia is the most frequently encountered. Pulmonary dysfunction has also been widely reported among patients awaiting LT. The links between this dysfunction and PPC have not been clearly established. In this present cohort study, we evaluated the incidence and profile of post-LT pneumonia and identified potential preoperative risk factors. METHODS: The postoperative clinical course of 212 liver transplant recipients between January 2008 and April 2010 was analyzed. These patients were treated in a single intensive care unit and received standardized postoperative care. RESULTS: During the postoperative period, 47 (22%) patients developed pneumonia, of whom 20 (43%) developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Univariate analysis showed that several preoperative factors (age of recipient, model for end-stage liver disease score, indication for LT, platelet count, and restrictive lung pattern revealed by preoperative pulmonary function tests) and the transfusion (blood units and fresh frozen plasma units) during the operative period were associated with pneumonia. Using multivariate analysis by logistic regression, only a restrictive lung pattern (odds ratio=3.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-6.51; P=0.002) and the international normalized ratio measured prior LT (OR=4.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.86-8.59; P=0.0004) were independent predictors of pneumonia after LT. CONCLUSION: Pneumonia is common among patients undergoing LT and is a major cause of morbidity. A restrictive pattern on preoperative pulmonary testing and a higher international normalized ratio measured prior LT were associated with more risk of postoperative pneumonia.     

PFTS在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸术前检查中的临床意义

目的：探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫正融合术患者术前肺功能检查异常发生率,以及其与术后肺部并发症相关性,方法：回顾性复习了１３１例符合条件青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者的病历记录和影像检查如术前、术后出现的心肺系统的症状和体征。结果：绝大多数患者术前ＰＦＴｓ正常（７３．２８％）,术前出现的呼吸系统症状和ＰＦＴｓ结果异常显著相关（Ｐ〈０．００１）。１３１例患者中仅４例发生了术后肺部并发症（发生率３．０１％     

Prediction of hypoxemia and mechanical ventilation after lung resection for cancer.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxemia usually occurs after thoracotomy, and respiratory failure represents a major complication. METHODS: To define predictive factors of postoperative hypoxemia and mechanical ventilation (MV), we prospectively studied 48 patients who had undergone lung resection. Preoperative data included, age, lung volume, force expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), predictive postoperative FEV1 (FEV1ppo), blood gases, diffusing capacity, and number of resected subsegments. RESULTS: On postoperative day 1 or 2, hypoxemia was assessed by measurement of PaO2 and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (A-aDO2) in 35 nonventilated patients breathing room air. The other patients (5 lobectomies, 9 pneumonectomies) required MV for pulmonary or nonpulmonary complications. Using simple and multiple regression analysis, the best predictors of postoperative hypoxemia were FEV1ppo (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) in lobectomy and tidal volume (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) in pneumonectomy. Using discriminant analysis, FEV1ppo in lobectomy and tidal volume in pneumonectomy were also considered as the best predictive factors of MV for pulmonary complications. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the degree of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in lobectomy and impairment of preoperative breathing pattern in pneumonectomy are the main factors of respiratory failure after lung resection.     

Morbidity, mortality, and early results of single versus bilateral lung transplantation for emphysema.

Both single lung transplantation and bilateral lung transplantation have been successful in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Limited availability of donor lungs dictates wider use of single lung transplantation as long as this procedure provides a comparable functional result at less risk. Early morbidity, mortality rates, and functional results were compared in 32 consecutive patients undergoing either single or bilateral lung transplantation for end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. When pretransplantation and posttransplantation values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second, single breath diffusing capacity, total lung capacity, arterial oxygen tension, and 6-minute walking distance were compared, statistically significant improvement (p less than 0.01) was seen in both groups. However, significantly higher values (p less than 0.01) were attained for forced expiratory volume in 1 second, single breath diffusing capacity, and arterial oxygen tension in the bilateral transplantation group than in the single lung transplantation group. Patients receiving bilateral lung transplants were at greater risk for postoperative complications, especially cardiac arrhythmias and bronchial anastomotic defects. Actuarial survival for the single lung transplantation group was 93% at 1 year, versus 87% at 6 months and 71% at 1 year for the bilateral lung transplantation group. The optimal transplantation procedure for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has not been determined. Longer follow-up periods are needed to define better the roles of bilateral and single lung transplantation in this group of patients.     

肝移植术后早期肺部细菌感染的危险因素分析

目的 分析原位肝移植术后早期肺部细菌感染的发生情况及其危险因素。方法 回顾性分析笔者所在医院2010年1月至2012年6月期间行下腔静脉逆灌注法原位肝移植术的96例终末期肝病患者的临床资料。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析探索肝移植术后早期肺部细菌感染的危险因素。结果 96例患者中有29例于肝移植术后早期发生肺部细菌感染,感染率为30.21%,其中感染G-需氧菌19例（65.52%）,感染G＋需氧菌10例（34.48%）。患者的术前终末期肝病模型评分（OR=2.165,P=0.001）、术中输血量（OR=1.952,P=0.003）、术后3 d血肌酐平均值（OR=1.913,P=0.001）、术后3 d液体负平衡时间（OR=0.196,P=0.023）及术后住院时间（OR=1.923,P=0.003）均与术后早期肺部细菌感染有关。结论 原位肝移植术后早期易发生肺部细菌感染。术前改善患者基础状况、术中控制输血量、术后控制输液量和住院时间及术后改善肾功能均可减少术后早期肺部细菌感染的发生。     

Preoperative respiratory physiotherapy for a patient with severe respiratory dysfunction and annuloaortic ectasia.

A 23-year-old man with Marfan syndrome, who had undergone surgery for pectus excavatum and scoliosis and who had severe respiratory dysfunction, was referred for surgical repair of annuloaortic ectasia. The preoperative pulmonary function test revealed severe obstructive and restrictive respiratory dysfunction, with forced expiratory volume in one second of 650 ml and vital capacity of 1,220 ml. These parameters improved after 4 months respiratory physiotherapy. A modified Bentall's procedure was performed after respiratory physiotherapy. A tracheostomy made on the 7th postoperative day (POD) appeared to improve respiratory condition and he was weaned off mechanical ventilation on the 14th POD. The lower limits of pulmonary function for open heart surgery have not been established clearly; however, our case will help elucidate these limits of respiratory function for open heart surgery. Preoperative respiratory physiotherapy improved parameters of pulmonary function test and may decrease the morbidity of postoperative pulmonary complications in a patient with severe respiratory dysfunction.