腹腔镜胃局部切除术的临床应用

目的 评价腹腔镜胃局部切除术的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年2月至2010年1月解放军总医院收治的78例行腹腔镜胃局部切除术患者的临床资料.根据病灶的位置和游离范围,采用全腹腔镜下胃局部楔形切除术、腹腔镜辅助下胃局部切除术和腹腔镜联合内镜切割吻合器肿瘤切除术.探讨患者的手术疗效.结果 78例患者均在腹腔镜下成功完成胃局部切除手术,无一例中转开腹.其中,45例行全腹腔镜胃局部楔形切除术,22例采用腹腔镜辅助下胃局部切除术,11采用腹腔镜联合内镜切割吻合器肿瘤切除术.平均手术时间为75 min(45～120 min),术中平均出血量为60 ml(35～90 ml),切除病灶平均直径为(2.5±1.3)cm(0.7～4.8 cm).术后患者无并发症发生及死亡.术后肠道功能平均恢复时间为35 h(25～42 h),术后平均住院时间为7.5 d(6～9 d).术后病理检查:63例患者为胃间质瘤;11例患者为胃良性疾病,其中异位胰腺组织5例、炎性假瘤2例、增生性息肉2例、神经鞘瘤1例、血管瘤1例;4例患者为类癌,其中位于黏膜层3例、累及深肌层1例.本组患者中位随访时间为26个月,未发现术后出血、吻合口狭窄及戳孔种植.63例胃间质瘤患者中,2例术后行甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗、1例肿瘤复发行再次手术治疗,术后恢复良好.结论 腹腔镜胃局部切除术治疗胃良性疾病、胃间质瘤及早期胃癌安全、可行.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic local resection for the treatment of gastric tumors. Methods The clinical data of 78 patients who received laparoscopic local resection at the PLA General Hospital from February 2006 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the tumor site and free range, total laparoscopic gastrectomy was applied to 45 patients, laparoscopic local resection was applied to 22 patients, laparoscopic and endoscopic tumor resection was applied to 11 patients. The efficacies of the surgical approaches were investigated. Results Laparoscopic local resection was successfully performed on the 78 patients without conversion to open surgery. The mean operation time and operative blood loss were 75 minutes (range, 45-120 minutes) and 60 ml (range, 35-90 ml), respectively. The mean diameter of the tumor was (2.5±1.3)cm (range, 0.7-4.8 cm). No mortality or morbidity occurred postoperatively. The bowel function recovery time and the duration of hospital stay were 35 hours (range, 25-42 hours) and 7.5 days (range, 6-9 days), respectively. The results of postoperative pathological examination verified that 63 patients were with gastric stromal tumor, 11 patients were with benign gastric diseases, including 5 with gastric heterotopic pancreas, 2 with inflammatory pseudotumor, 2 with hyperplastic polyp, 1 with schwannomas and one with angioma. Four patients were with carcinoid, 3 carcinoids were located in mucous layer and 1 invaded into muscular layer. The median time of follow-up was 26 months, and no anastomotic stenosis or port-site metastasis was observed. Of the 63 patients with gastric stromal tumor, 2 were treated with imatinib mesylate, 1 had tumor recurrence and received reoperation. Conclusion Laparoscopic local resection is safe and feasible for the treatment of benign gastric neoplasms, stromal tumor and early gastric tumors.     

140例胃间质瘤的外科治疗分析

Objective To analyze the outcome of the patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) after surgical treatment and identify the associated risk factors. Methods Clinical data and the tissue slices including immunohistochemistry staining of 140 patients with gastric GIST from January 1990 to December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. SPSS 16.0 for Windows software package was used for statistical analysis. Results The overall survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year were 96.8%,86.7% and 79.3%, respectively. The survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year were 98.1%, 90.0% and 85.4% in patients who underwent complete tumor resection. But the survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year were 38.1%, 0 and 0 in patients with incomplete tumor resection. The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Gender, preoperative metastasis, tumor size, pathology type, karyokinesis, recurrence and metastasis were associated with survival rates in patients with complete tumor resection by univariate analysis. However, only tumor size, karyokinesis, recurrence and metastasis were associated with survival rates by Cox regression multivariable analysis (P＜0.05). Conclusion Surgery remains the main treatment for gastric GIST. Local complete resection is the principal treatment.     

140例胃间质瘤的外科治疗分析

Objective To analyze the outcome of the patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) after surgical treatment and identify the associated risk factors. Methods Clinical data and the tissue slices including immunohistochemistry staining of 140 patients with gastric GIST from January 1990 to December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. SPSS 16.0 for Windows software package was used for statistical analysis. Results The overall survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year were 96.8%,86.7% and 79.3%, respectively. The survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year were 98.1%, 90.0% and 85.4% in patients who underwent complete tumor resection. But the survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5-year were 38.1%, 0 and 0 in patients with incomplete tumor resection. The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Gender, preoperative metastasis, tumor size, pathology type, karyokinesis, recurrence and metastasis were associated with survival rates in patients with complete tumor resection by univariate analysis. However, only tumor size, karyokinesis, recurrence and metastasis were associated with survival rates by Cox regression multivariable analysis (P＜0.05). Conclusion Surgery remains the main treatment for gastric GIST. Local complete resection is the principal treatment.     

保留幽门及迷走神经的胃部分切除术治疗早期胃癌

Objective To discuss the effect of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer(EGC). Methods Between August 1995 and December 2005, 52 cases of EGC underwent pyloruspreserving gastrectomy(PPG) and 159 cases of EGC underwent distal gastrectomy(DG), Clinicopathlogic data and follow-up results of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively, and gastric emptying and gallbladder function of 15 cases PPG and 17 cases DG were compared at the same time.Results Compared with DG group, patients in PPG group maintain the body weight, gastric emptying and gallbladder function. There was no significant difference between PPG group (92. 3% ) and DG group (93.1% ) in overall 5-year survival rate ( P = 0. 881 ). The 5-year survival rate of the the PPG group with lymph node dissection was D1 100%, D1+α 92. 3%, D1+β 88.9%, D2 87. 5% respectively.Conclusions For early gastric cancer, the pylorus-preserving gastrectomy is effective for maintaining the postoperative function with similar long term survival as that of distal gastrectomy.     

保留幽门及迷走神经的胃部分切除术治疗早期胃癌

Objective To discuss the effect of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer(EGC). Methods Between August 1995 and December 2005, 52 cases of EGC underwent pyloruspreserving gastrectomy(PPG) and 159 cases of EGC underwent distal gastrectomy(DG), Clinicopathlogic data and follow-up results of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively, and gastric emptying and gallbladder function of 15 cases PPG and 17 cases DG were compared at the same time.Results Compared with DG group, patients in PPG group maintain the body weight, gastric emptying and gallbladder function. There was no significant difference between PPG group (92. 3% ) and DG group (93.1% ) in overall 5-year survival rate ( P = 0. 881 ). The 5-year survival rate of the the PPG group with lymph node dissection was D1 100%, D1+α 92. 3%, D1+β 88.9%, D2 87. 5% respectively.Conclusions For early gastric cancer, the pylorus-preserving gastrectomy is effective for maintaining the postoperative function with similar long term survival as that of distal gastrectomy.     

Risk factors for occult nodal metastasis in patients with stage ⅠA peripheral non-small cell lung cancer

Objective To study the risk factors of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with ≤3 cm peripheral non-small cell lung cancer.Methods From January 2000 to December 2010,a total of 281 patients with NSCLC[152 men and 129 women,aged ( 60.31±12.13) years;≤ 3 cm in diameter]underwent lobectomy or partial resection with systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy in hospital .Clinical data included age,gender,symptoms,history and quantity of smoking history,history of tumor,family history of tumor,site,diameter,calcification,speculation,border,lobulation,traction of pleural,vascular convergence sign,cavity were collected compaired and analyzed.Single and multi-variate analysis was performed to determine the independent risk of occult N2 nodal involvement.Results Logistic regression analysis show seven clinical characteristics (fleshless( OR:22.262),history of tumor(OR:5.485),diameter( 0R:3.788),density( OR;5.850),traction of pleural (OR:1.371),border ( OR:8.259) and cavity (OR:7.124) were risk factors.Conclusion Fleshless,history of tumor,diameter,density,traction of pleural and the border and cavity were independent predictors of malignancy in patients with ≤3 cm peripheral non-small cell lung cancer.     

Risk factors for occult nodal metastasis in patients with stage ⅠA peripheral non-small cell lung cancer

Objective To study the risk factors of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with ≤3 cm peripheral non-small cell lung cancer.Methods From January 2000 to December 2010,a total of 281 patients with NSCLC[152 men and 129 women,aged ( 60.31±12.13) years;≤ 3 cm in diameter]underwent lobectomy or partial resection with systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy in hospital .Clinical data included age,gender,symptoms,history and quantity of smoking history,history of tumor,family history of tumor,site,diameter,calcification,speculation,border,lobulation,traction of pleural,vascular convergence sign,cavity were collected compaired and analyzed.Single and multi-variate analysis was performed to determine the independent risk of occult N2 nodal involvement.Results Logistic regression analysis show seven clinical characteristics (fleshless( OR:22.262),history of tumor(OR:5.485),diameter( 0R:3.788),density( OR;5.850),traction of pleural (OR:1.371),border ( OR:8.259) and cavity (OR:7.124) were risk factors.Conclusion Fleshless,history of tumor,diameter,density,traction of pleural and the border and cavity were independent predictors of malignancy in patients with ≤3 cm peripheral non-small cell lung cancer.     

胃癌转移淋巴结被膜外扩散和患者预后的关系

目的 探讨胃癌转移淋巴结被膜外扩散的相关因素及其对患者预后的影响.方法 通过对131例行胃癌根治术患者的临床病理和随访资料进行分析,评价胃癌转移淋巴结被膜外扩散与患者预后的关系.结果 78例(59.5%)患者有胃周区域性淋巴结转移,其中有46例转移淋巴结出现被膜外扩散,其5年累计生存率为13.5%;而32例无被膜外扩散的患者5年生存率为39.3%,生存率随胃周转移淋巴结出现被膜外扩散而明显下降(P=0.001).胃周转移淋巴结被膜外扩散与淋巴结转移数目、淋巴结转移距离、肿瘤浸润深度以及远处转移具有显著的相关性,是胃癌患者预后的独立影响因素(P=0.003).结论 胃周转移淋巴结被膜外扩散是一个简单有效判断预后的指标,是影响预后的一个独立因素.进行胃癌病理分期应当检查转移淋巴结被膜外扩散状况,并予以报道.

Abstract：

Objective The aim of the current study was to investigate the prognostic value of extracapsular lymph node spread in gastric cancer patients and to find correlations with clinicopathological parameters.Methods Clinicopathological data of 131 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy were analyzed retrospectively. The number of metastatic lymph nodes with extracapsular spread were determined. Multivariate analysis was performed to find the clinical prognosis affecting extracapsular lymph node involvement. Results Seventy-eight patients (59.5%)had perigastric lymph node metastasis. Fortysix cases were detected extracapsular lymph node involvement. The 5-year cumulative survival rate for patients with extracapsular lymph node spread was 13. 5% , while 32 patients with lymph node metastasis but without extracapsular involvement had a 5-year survival rate of 39.3%. The survival rate decreased significantly with the increase of extracapsular lymph node involvement(P =0.001). Extracapsular lymph node involvement was significantly associated with the higher number of metastatic lymph nodes, the location of lymph node metastasis, tumor invasion depth and distant lymph node metastasis. In the multivariate analysis, extracapsular lymph node spread also remained as an independent prognostic factor(P =0.003). Conclusions Extracapsular lymph node involvement is a convenient and reliable prognostic index, and is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. In future staging systems for gastric cancer, extracapsular lymph node involvement should be considered, be pathologically checked and reported in order to determine extracapsular spread status.     

直肠类癌的诊断与治疗

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of rectal carcinoid. Methods Clinical data of 16 patients of rectal carcinoids in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Related literatures were reviewed. Results Among the patients included, 11 cases(68.8%)suffered from hypogastralgia, 3 cases(18.8%)bloody stool, 3 cases(18.8%)defecation number increase. All the patients underwent enteroscopy. The average size in diameter of all the tumors was 8.8 mm. 81.3% of the tumors ≤10 mm in diameter. The average distance from tumor to anus was 6.8 cm and 87.5% of the tumors ≤8 cm in distance, Only 25% of all the cases were diagnosed preoperatively, most cases were diagnosed as other diseases and definitely diagnosed by postoperative pathology. 14 cases underwent operation as radical resection of rectal carcinoma, and 2 cases endoscopic removal. There was no operative death and postoperative five-year survival rate is 69.2%. Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis rectal carcinoid is difficult.Misdiagnosis rate is high. The key point of improving diagnosis of this disease is annal digital examination. Enteroscopy and pathology, operation is the first choice to treat rectal carcinoid.     

直肠类癌的诊断与治疗

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of rectal carcinoid. Methods Clinical data of 16 patients of rectal carcinoids in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Related literatures were reviewed. Results Among the patients included, 11 cases(68.8%)suffered from hypogastralgia, 3 cases(18.8%)bloody stool, 3 cases(18.8%)defecation number increase. All the patients underwent enteroscopy. The average size in diameter of all the tumors was 8.8 mm. 81.3% of the tumors ≤10 mm in diameter. The average distance from tumor to anus was 6.8 cm and 87.5% of the tumors ≤8 cm in distance, Only 25% of all the cases were diagnosed preoperatively, most cases were diagnosed as other diseases and definitely diagnosed by postoperative pathology. 14 cases underwent operation as radical resection of rectal carcinoma, and 2 cases endoscopic removal. There was no operative death and postoperative five-year survival rate is 69.2%. Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis rectal carcinoid is difficult.Misdiagnosis rate is high. The key point of improving diagnosis of this disease is annal digital examination. Enteroscopy and pathology, operation is the first choice to treat rectal carcinoid.     

胃肠间质瘤合并消化道癌六例诊治体会

目的 探讨胃肠间质瘤合并消化道癌的临床特征、诊治及预后.方法 回顾性分析武汉协和医院2005年1月-2010年9月收治的6例胃肠间质瘤合并消化道癌的临床病理资料.结果 6例患者中有4例2种肿瘤发生在同一脏器,2例发生于相邻器官.术前检查只有1例发现胃肠间质瘤与消化道癌同时存在,其余5例只发现消化道癌.6例患者中胃肠间质...     

胃癌肝转移的肝切除治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨胃癌肝转移肝切除治疗的疗效以及不同临床病理因素与预后的关系.方法 回顾性总结24例胃癌肝转移行肝转移灶手术切除患者的临床资料并对预后进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 全组病例均获得随访,胃癌肝转移外科治疗后1年生存率为67%,3年生存率为21%,5年生存率为13%.单因素分析显示淋巴结转移、脉管瘤栓、R0切除、转移灶大小为重要预后因素;多因素分析显示转移灶大小、脉管瘤栓为独立预后因素.结论 严格适应证的胃癌肝转移手术切除可以改善预后.综合治疗有望进一步提高疗效.     

胃癌肝转移外科治疗的临床分析

目的 评价胃癌肝转移的外科治疗效果及病理因素对其预后的影响。方法 本组834例胃癌患者中共有91例诊断为肝转移，其中79例为同时性肝转移，12例术后发现异时转移，共21例行胃癌肝转移灶切除术。结果 胃癌肝转移灶切除后1年、3年生存率分别为69％、30％。单转移灶及异时性转移是其有利的预后因素。13例肝转移灶有假包膜形成。结论 单转移灶及异时转移、肿瘤假包膜形成预示胃癌肝转移切除患者有较好的预后。     

胃胃肠间质瘤合并胃癌患者的临床病理特点及预后影响因素

目的探讨胃胃肠间质瘤（GIST）合并胃癌患者的临床病理特点及预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析2000年4月至2010年6月间在福建医科大学附属协和医院接受手术治疗的122例原发性胃GIST患者的临床资料,其中合并胃癌者（合并组）26例,无合并胃癌者（无合并组）96例。比较两组患者中胃GIST的临床病理特点,并对全组患者的预后进行单因素及多因素分析。结果与无合并组相比,合并组患者GIST肿瘤最大直径更小（P〈0．01）、核分裂像更少（P〈0．05）、Fletcher分级更低（合并组76．9％为极低．低危者,P〈0．01）。合并组患者术前诊断率明显低于无合并组（23．1％比97．9％,P〈0．01）;5年生存率（58．0％）低于无合并组（79．4％）（P=0．027）。单因素预后分析显示,肿瘤最大直径（P〈0．01）、核分裂像（P〈0．01）、Fletcher分级（P〈0．01）、是否合并胃癌（P〈0．05）与患者预后有关：多因素预后分析显示,Fleteher分级（P〈0．05）和是否合并胃癌（P〈0．01）是影响患者预后的独立因素。结论胃GIST合并胃癌的患者其GIST的171etcher分级大多为极低或低侵袭危险度,对预后影响较小．其生存时间主要取决于胃癌。     

腹腔镜下胃底黏膜下肿瘤切除术

目的 评价腹腔镜下胃腔外胃底楔形切除术的可行性与安全性.方法 总结分析2000年9月至2006年12月行腹腔镜下胃底切除术的84例患者的临床资料.该术式采用4孔法,手术主要步骤包括肿瘤定位、网膜游离、胃底和脾上极分离、食管贲门连接处(ECJ)显露以及用内视镜直线切割缝合器楔形切割胃底等.结果 患者平均年龄59岁(32～78岁).平均肿瘤直径(4.2±1.3)cm;肿瘤边缘距离ECJ 1.1～3.0 cm.84例手术均获成功,手术时间(62.6±8.9)min;术中出血(86.2±8.1)ml.无病灶遗漏,亦无并发症和手术中转.术后平均住院(5.6±0.5)d.66例患者于术后36 h内恢复胃肠功能,并开始进食和下床活动.肿瘤与切缘的距离:与ECJ距离0.7～2.5 cm[(1.4±0.5)cm];与另三面距离2.5～6.0 cm[(4.1±1.0)cm].84例中,平滑肌瘤29例,各型间质瘤51例,神经纤维瘤4例.平均随访(51.0±4.3)个月,无复发和转移发生.结论 腹腔镜胃腔外胃底楔形切除术对胃底,尤其是后壁邻近ECJ黏膜下肿瘤是安全、简便和有效的,可避免腹腔污染、脾脏损伤以及术后食管狭窄的发生;同时,胃的切除范围也不受限.     

高龄胃癌的诊断与外科治疗(附56例报告)

目的探讨高龄胃癌的临床病理特征,旨在提高手术切除率,改善其预后。方法对我院2000年12月至2005年12月间收治的56例高龄胃癌病例进行回顾分析。结果本组56例均为进展期胃癌;并存其他疾病47例(83.9%);原发癌位于胃底或贲门部26例(46.4%);肿块直径大于3cm41例(73.2%);伴淋巴结转移43例(76.8%);高、中分化腺癌45例(80.4%);手术切除率为85.7%,其中根治性切除率55.2%;并发症发生率为33.9%;3年生存率为55.4%,5年生存率为37.5%。结论早期诊断、选择合理的手术方式、术前积极处理伴发病及加强术后护理是改善老年胃癌患者预后的关键。     

miR-143和miR-145在胃间质瘤组织中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨miR-143和miR-145在胃间质瘤发生发展中的作用.方法 采用茎环即时RT-PCR方法检测21例胃间质瘤及其正常胃组织中miR-143和miR-145的表达,分析其与临床病理因素的关系.结果 本组胃间质瘤组织中miR-145表达显著高于正常胃组织(P＜0.01),且核分裂数≥5/50 HPF病例的miR-145表达显著低于核分裂数＜5/50 HPF病例(P=0.02),巨大肿瘤(直径＞10 cm)的miR-145表达显著低于大肿瘤(5～10 cm)病例及小肿瘤(2～5 cm)病例(P=0.048),Fletcher分级高危病例的miR-145表达显著低于中危及低危分级病例(P=0.048),低危组与中、高危组miR-145表达相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.01).胃间质瘤组织中miR-143表达与正常胃组织相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.06). 结论 miR-145在胃间质瘤组织中表达上调,且与肿瘤大小、核分裂象及Fletcher分级等密切相关,提示其在胃间质瘤的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用.     

胃癌合并其他器官原发癌103例分析

目的探讨胃癌合并其他器官恶性肿瘤的发生率、临床病理特征及其诊治和预后情况。方法对我院1983年1月至2010年12月期间治疗的103例胃癌合并其他器官原发癌患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组103例患者占同期收治胃癌患者的2.26%(103/4 552)。确诊胃癌的年龄为(63.98±11.93)岁(30～84岁)。同时多原发癌29例;异时多原发癌74例,其中胃癌确诊前异时多原发癌46例,胃癌确诊后异时多原发癌28例。共发生胃癌以外恶性肿瘤113个,以结直肠癌最多,占27.43%(31/113),肺癌其次,占15.04%(17/113)。异时癌的发生时间距胃癌确诊前或后(87.95±92.98)个月(7～506个月),65.49%(74/113)合并的原发癌距胃癌确诊的间隔时间在5年内。全组患者总的5年累积生存率为48.43%,其中同时多原发癌患者为36.40%,胃癌确诊前发生多原发癌者为42.31%,胃癌确诊后发生多原发癌者为69.52%,胃癌确诊后发生者的预后明显好于胃癌确诊前发生者和同时发生者(P<0.023,P<0.009)。在死亡原因明确的33例患者中有20例因胃癌死亡。结论胃癌治疗时需注意同时并发其他器官原发癌的可能,对于这类患者胃癌仍然可能是影响其预后的主要原因。     

胃癌肝转移的外科治疗

目的探讨胃癌肝转移外科治疗的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析1993年1月至2001年10月间938例原发性胃癌患者中32例行胃癌肝转移灶切除者的临床资料。结果938例原发性胃癌患者中,异时性肝转移24例(2.6%),行肝转移灶切除14例(58.3%);同时性肝转移90例(9.6%),行肝转移灶切除18例(20.0%)。32例患者病理检查均证实为肝转移腺癌。术后1、3、5年生存率,异时性肝转移患者为73%、37%、25%;同时性肝转移患者为68%、24%、17%;两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论孤立的同时及异时性肝转移患者经外科手术切除肝转移灶预后较好。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃胃肠间质瘤疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗胃胃肠间质瘤(GIST)的可行性。方法〓回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月间,在我院接受腹腔镜手术治疗的27例胃胃肠间质瘤患者的临床资料,并统计具体手术方式,手术时间,术中出血量,手术切口长度,肿瘤大小及住院时间。结果〓根据胃肿瘤大小和部位选择不同手术方式,其中胃局部切除术病人20例,远端胃大部切除术5例,全胃切除术2例。其中胃局部切除术20人均在完全腹腔镜下完成,其余7例病人行腹腔镜辅助切除手术。手术时间81.3±16.2 min,术中出血量42.1±9.2 mL,手术切口长度5.6±2.4 cm,肿瘤直径4.8±1.3 cm,住院时间7.5±2.6 d。结论〓腹腔镜手术治疗胃胃肠间质瘤安全可行、恢复快。