腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术联合经肛门内括约肌切除术治疗超低位直肠癌

目的探讨腹腔镜全系膜切除术（TME）联合经肛门内括约肌切除术（ISR）对超低位直肠癌的治疗效果。方法对接受腹腔镜TME联合经肛ISR手术的35例超低位直肠癌患者的临床和随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果35例患者肿瘤下缘距肛门2～5（平均3．4）cm;高、中分化腺癌32例,绒毛状腺瘤癌变3例;pTNMⅠ期16例,ⅡA期15例,ⅢA期3例,ⅢB期1例。术后末端回肠造口狭窄1例,吻合口瘘3例（均为未行末端回肠造E1者）。经4～49（中位时间16）个月的随访．1例患者出现吻合口复发．1例死于肝转移。随访满1年的19例患者术后1年排粪次数为1～4次／d．控便时间5min以上。结论腹腔镜TME联合经肛ISR治疗超低位直肠癌具有根治、保肛和微创的优点!侣廊进行严格的病例选择．     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除联合经肛门括约肌间切除术治疗超低位直肠癌

对于肿瘤下缘距离肛缘小于5em的超低位直肠癌,以往多采用腹会阴联合切除手术（Miles术）,以致部分未扩散转移的早期患者亦丧失肛门功能,给患者造成极大痛苦。2007年1月至2010年12月,     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除保肛治疗低位直肠癌

目的：探索腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除（TME）低位、超低位前切除治疗低位直肠癌的可行性。方法：按TME原则、用双钉合技术（DST）,在腹腔镜下对62例低位直肠癌患者实施TME、DST低位、超低位结肠-肛肠吻合术。结果：手术时间11-210min,平均125min;术中出血5-80ml,平均20ml;术后1-2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,住院时间5-14d,平均8d。1例患者因凝血障碍中转开腹,其他61例患者手术顺利。术后疼痛剂应用28例,除1例吻合口漏、1例尿潴留外,其余患者未见术中及术后并发症。结论：腹腔镜TME、低位、超低位吻合术治疗低位直肠癌,创伤小、保肛率高、术后疼痛轻、恢复快,是极具应用前景的微创新技术。     

腹腔镜下全直肠系膜加经内外括约肌间切除用于超低位直肠癌保肛手术

目的:探讨腹腔镜下全直肠系膜加经内外括约肌间切除术治疗超低位直肠癌的可行性及优势。方法:回顾分析2004年11月至2005年11月7例腹腔镜下全直肠系膜加经内外括约肌间切除治疗超低位直肠癌的临床资料。结果:本组7例术中出血量30~80m l,手术时间3.5~5h,无术中死亡病例,术后持续胃肠减压24h,术后24~48h开始饮食,术后3d拔除尿管下床活动,术后1~2d开始排便。术后住院7~10d。随访3~6个月,无局部复发。结论:腹腔镜下按全直肠系膜切除术(TME)要求游离直肠至盆底耻骨直肠肌水平,经肛门于齿状线水平切断直肠,再经肛门手工行结肠-肛管吻合的方法治疗超低位直肠癌,能够保证完整切除直肠系膜,术中减少出血,住院天数缩短,在降低手术难度、提高保肛率等方面有其优势。患者对本术式的耐受性较好。     

经肛门切除内括约肌的低位直肠癌保肛术40例临床经验

目的分析在全直肠系膜切除术（TME）基础上采用内括约肌切除（ISR）治疗低位直肠癌的手术经验和初步结果。方法2000年3月至2007年3月共40例低位直肠肿瘤患者接受TME基础上的ISR治疗。手术方式：腹部手术施行TME,会阴部手术施行ISR。术后随访了解并发症、肛门功能、肿瘤局部复发和转移情况。结果本组患者手术均成功完成,无手术死亡。术后随访3个月-7年（平均34个月）,39例术后获得较好的肛门功能,Kirwan分级1—3级。1例发生吻合口瘘,2例发生伤口感染,均经保守治愈。2例术后直肠癌局部复发,其中1例死亡。结论ISR治疗超低位直肠癌安全可行,在根治的前提下可良好地保留肛门功能。     

全直肠系膜切除联合内括约肌切除术治疗低位直肠癌的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜及开腹全直肠系膜切除术(TME)联合内括约肌切除术(ISR)治疗低位直肠癌的术式、疗效、并发症及恢复肛门功能的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2007年3月至2009年7月实施开腹或腹腔镜TME联合ISR治疗6例低位直肠癌患者的临床资料及随访资料,总结手术结果、并发症、术后辅助治疗、肿瘤预后、大便次数及肛门功能Kirwan分级随时间的变化情况。结果 6例手术均达到根治性切除,除1例肛门狭窄外无其他手术并发症发生,5例行术后放化疗。6例患者最长随访时间48个月,未发现肿瘤复发及转移,每天大便次数均随时间进展逐渐减少,至术后1年降至5～8次/d,肛门功能Kirwan分级随时间进展逐渐下降。结论 TME联合ISR对具适应证的低位直肠癌疗效确定,腹腔镜手术更具优势,扩肛等术后治疗措施有助于防止并发症的发生,有利于肛门功能的恢复。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌内括约肌切除保肛手术的临床应用

目的:探讨在腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除基础上施行内括约肌切除保肛术治疗低位直肠癌的可行性和疗效。方法:回顾分析2007年4月至2008年6月我院为36例低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜内括约肌切除保肛术的临床资料。结果:36例顺利完成手术,平均手术时间(110±32)m in,术中平均出血(15±18.5)m l,术后持续胃肠减压8~48h,肠蠕动恢复时间(24±17)h,术后1~3d开始进食,1~3d拔除导尿管下床活动,平均住院8d。术后随访8~20个月,12例出现前切除术后综合征,3~6个月后症状消失,目前未发现转移、复发病例。结论:全系膜切除是根治切除直肠癌必须遵循的原则;腹腔镜内括约肌切除保肛术治疗低位和超低位直肠癌安全可行,患者创伤小,出血少,疼痛轻,康复快。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术保肛治疗低位直肠癌

目的:探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)行低位(超低位)直肠癌保肛治疗的方法与可行性。方法:按TME原则,用双吻合器技术在腹腔镜下对26例低位(超低位)直肠癌患者实行TME低位(超低位)结肠-直肠(肛管)吻合术。结果:手术均获成功,无中转开腹,手术时间180-240min,平均210min;术中出血30-100ml,平均70ml;术后2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动;住院7-14d,平均8d,无严重并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜TME低位(超低位)吻合术保肛治疗低位直肠癌具有创伤小、并发症少、出血少、肠功能恢复快等优点,安全可行。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除治疗中低位直肠癌67例

目的探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除(TME)治疗中低位直肠癌的可行性。方法回顾性分析2003年7月至2005年12月间对67例中低位直肠癌患者进行腹腔镜TME手术治疗的临床资料。结果67例患者顺利完成腹腔镜TME手术,无中转开腹。手术时间(140.5±22.4)min,术中出血量(60±28)ml,手术并发症13.4%。总保肛率为73.1%,超低位直肠癌患者保肛率为61.7%。术后(2.0±1.5)d胃肠功能恢复,术后住院时间(12.1±5.2)d。88%患者获得5-34个月的随访,未见戳孔种植发生。结论腹腔镜TME手术治疗中低位直肠癌具有手术创伤小、术中出血少、术后疼痛轻、胃肠功能恢复快、保肛率高的优点。     

腹腔镜经肛全直肠系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌的对照研究

目的分析腹腔镜辅助经肛全直肠系膜切除术(TaTME)治疗低位宜肠癌的临床疗效,并探讨并发症预防措施。方法选取2017年3月至2019年3月98例低位直肠癌手术患者为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组各49例,TaTME组采用腹腔镜辅助TaTME术,ISR组采用腹腔镜辅助经腹括约肌间切除术(ISR)。采用软件SPSS19.0进行数据分析。围手术期相关指标.Wexner评分等计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验;术后并发症等计数资料采用χ²检验;肛门Kirwan分级采用Z检验。以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果本研究中两组患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹者。TaTME组患者术后首次进食时间、首次下床活动时间、住院时间、住院总费用方面均优于ISR组(P<0.05);术后6个月TaTME组患者的Wexner评分及Kirwan分级明显优于ISR组(P<0.05);TaTME组患者术后肠阻梗、肛门疼痛的发生率均显著低于ISR组(P<0.05).结论腹腔镜辅助TaTME术是一种安全可行的保肛手术,术后患者肛门功能恢复快,住院费用低,值得临床推广应用。     

Safety of Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision for Low Rectal Cancer with Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy

Introduction  Total mesorectal excision (TME) with preoperative chemoradiation therapy is an accepted standard treatment for low rectal cancer. Although the laparoscopic approach is accepted for the treatment of colon cancer, its value for low rectal cancer is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative chemoradiation therapy exerted an adverse influence on laparoscopic TME for low rectal cancer. Methods  We studied 125 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic TME for low rectal cancer. Twenty patients with preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT-Lap group) were compared with 105 patients without chemoradiation therapy (non-CRT-Lap group). Results  Operating time in the CRT-Lap group (276 min, range 160–390 min) was no different from that in the non-CRT-Lap group (263 min, range 143–456 min). The CRT-Lap group had more blood loss during the operation (70 vs. 37 ml), but mean blood loss was <100 ml. The distal tumor margin was longer in the CRT-Lap group (25.8 vs. 18.6 mm). The number of lymph node harvested did not differ between the groups (14.5 vs. 15.4). Conversion to open surgery was necessary only in one case in the non-CRT-Lap group. There was no anastomotic leakage in the CRT-Lap group, whereas three patients (3.1%) had anastomotic leakage in the non-CRT-Lap group. Conclusion  Laparoscopic TME with preoperative chemoradiation therapy is a safe procedure with reasonable operating time and does not appear to pose any threat to the surgical and oncologic outcomes.     

腹腔镜与开腹低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的探讨腹腔镜下低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)的可行性。方法 2005年1月～2008年1月将71例Duke’s A、B期的低位直肠癌,按照序贯原则设计,采用信封抽签法随机分为2组,分别施行腹腔镜和开腹TME,比较2组患者围手术期及术后随访情况。结果腹腔镜组手术时间(116.9±20.7)min显著短于开腹组(133.6±20.0)min(t=-3.456,P=0.000),术中出血量(84.4±27.6)ml显著少于开腹组(145.7±34.0)ml(t=-8.349,P=0.000),术后肠功能恢复时间(2.6±1.0)d显著短于开腹手术组(4.0±1.0)d(t=-5.898,P=0.000),淋巴结清扫数目2组间无显著性差异[(12.2±3.0)枚vs.(12.3±2.6)枚(t=-0.127,P=0.899)]。腹腔镜手术组保肛率明显高于开腹手术组[83.3%(30/36)vs.60.0%(21/35),χ2=4.775,P=0.029]。71例随访24～60个月,中位随访40个月,2组局部复发各1例,远处转移各2例,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.000,P=1.000;χ2=0.000,P=1.000)。结论 腹腔镜下低位直肠癌TME治疗低位直肠癌是安全可行的。     

Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer with Mesorectal Excision: Institutional Review

This study aims to compare the operative results and oncological outcomes of patients with total mesorectal excision (TME) for mid and distal cancer and partial mesorectal excision (PME) for proximal cancer. Anterior resection has become the preferred treatment option for rectal cancer. TME with sharp dissection has been shown to be associated with a low local recurrence rate. Controversies still exist as to the need for TME in more proximal tumor. Resection of primary rectal and rectosigmoid cancer was performed in 298 patients from January 2003 to November 2010. These 298 patients (163 men and 135 women; median age, 67 years) underwent anterior resection. The curative resection was performed in 269 patients (90.3 %). TME was performed in 202 patients (67.8 %). Significantly longer median operating time, more blood loss, and a longer hospital stay were found in patients with TME. The overall operative mortality and morbidity rates were 1.8 % and 32.6 %, respectively, and there were no significant differences between those of TME and PME. Anastomotic leak occurred in 8.1 % and 1.3 % of patients with TME and PME, respectively (P < 0.001). Independent factors for a higher anastomotic leakage rate were TME, the malegender, the absence of stoma, and increased blood loss. The advanced stage of the disease and the performance of coloanal anastomosis were independent factors for increased local recurrence. By performing TME in patients with mid and distal rectal cancer, the local control and survival of these patients are similar to those of patients with proximal cancers where adequate clearance can be achieved by PME.     

体质量指数对内括约肌切除术治疗直肠癌和肛管癌近期疗效的影响

目的探讨体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）对内括约肌切除术（intersphincteric resection,ISR）治疗直肠癌和肛管癌近期疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年12月期间四川大学华西医院胃肠外科中心结直肠外科专业组收治的199例行ISR术的直肠癌和肛管癌患者的临床资料,按BMI值将其分为消瘦组（n=23）、正常组（n=114）及超重组（n=62）,比较3组患者的临床近期疗效。结果术后早期康复方面,3组患者的首次排气时间、首次排便时间、首次下床活动时间、首次经口进食时间及术后住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。管道管理方面,3组患者拔除引流管时间比较差异有统计学意义,正常组和超重组拔除引流管的时间较长（P〈0.05）,而拔除胃管和尿管时间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。3组患者术后并发症（包括吻合口漏、吻合口出血、肛周感染、肠梗阻、胃潴留、尿潴留、败血症、伤口感染及直肠阴道瘘）发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 BMI对ISR治疗直肠癌和肛管癌近期疗效的影响较小,肥胖不会提高术后并发症的发生率;在适当管理模式的配合下,也不会影响术后早期康复指标。     

Prognostic Significance of Circumferential Resection Margin Following Total Mesorectal Excision and Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer

Background This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of circumferential resection margin (CRM) in rectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods We studied 504 patients who underwent total mesorectal excision with adjuvant CRT for rectal cancer between 1997 and 2001. The patients were divided into two groups: a negative CRM group (CRM > 1 mm) and a positive CRM group (CRM ≤ 1 mm). The survival rates, local recurrence rates, and systemic recurrence rates were compared between groups. Results The negative CRM group had 460 patients and the positive CRM group had 44 patients. The 5-year local and systemic recurrence rates were 11.3 and 25.3%, respectively, in the negative CRM group and 35.2 and 60.8% in the positive CRM group, respectively. The cancer-specific 5-year survival rates for the two groups were 72.5 and 26.9% (P < .001), respectively. CRM was found to be an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analyses which were adjusted for known outcome predictors (P < .001). Conclusion Oncological outcome for patients in the positive CRM group is less favorable than for those in the negative CRM group. Adjuvant CRT is not a definite treatment modality that can be used to compensate for a positive CRM following TME and adjuvant CRT in patients with TNM stage II or III rectal cancer.     

Results After Rectal Cancer Resection With In-Continuity Partial Vaginectomy and Total Mesorectal Excision

Background: Although sharp mesorectal excision reduces circumferential margin involvement and local recurrence, a concomitant partial vaginectomy may be required in women with locally advanced rectal cancer.Methods: Sixty-four patients requiring a partial vaginectomy during resection of primary rectal cancer were identified. Survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method, and distributions were compared by the log-rank test.Results: Locally advanced disease was reflected by presentation with malignant rectovaginal fistulae (n = 6) or cancers described as bulky or adherent/tethered to the rectovaginal septum (n = 32). Thirty-five patients received adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 22 months, 27 (42%) patients developed recurrent disease, with most of these occurring at distant sites. The 5-year overall survival was 46%, with a median survival of 44 months. The 2-year local recurrence–free survival was 84%. The crude local failure rate was 16% (10 of 64), and local recurrence was more common in patients with a positive as opposed to a negative microscopic margin (2 [50%] of 4 vs. 8 [13%] of 60, respectively). Positive nodal status had a significant effect on overall survival (P < .001).Conclusions: Partial vaginectomy is indicated for locally advanced rectal cancers involving the vagina. The results are most favorable in patients with negative surgical margins and node-negative disease.Presented in part at the 54th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Washington, DC, March 15–18, 2001.     

头侧中间入路的腹腔镜直肠癌根治术

我们尝试采用头侧中间入路法以解决目前传统中间入路的一些不足。手术具体步骤包括:推开屈氏韧带处的空肠,切断该处附着的筋膜及韧带,将小肠肠袢完全推至右上腹部,显露屈氏韧带和左侧结肠系膜、腹主动脉及肠系膜下血管;从肠系膜下动脉(IMA)头侧的腹主动脉表面腹膜处打开进入左结肠后间隙,并顺势清扫IMA根部周围巴结;打开IMA尾侧的直乙结肠系膜并进入乙结肠后间隙,清扫IMA下方的周围淋巴结,并使乙结肠后间隙和左结肠后间隙贯通;显露IMA,肠系膜下静脉(IMV)和左结肠血管、乙结肠血管等相关血管,用血管夹夹闭离断相关血管根部,并可选择性的保留左结肠血管等。后续步骤同传统中间入路腹腔镜直肠癌根治术。     

低位直肠癌经内外括约肌间切除术后直肠肛管向量测压的研究

目的应用直肠肛管向量测压技术评估低位直肠癌经内外括约肌间切除术后肛门括约肌功能。方法对16例行经内外括约肌间切除术的低位直肠癌患者行直肠肛管向量测压,并选择同期30例直肠癌低位前切除术患者及30例肛门功能正常的健康人作为对照研究。结果根据临床症状将经内外括约肌间切除术后患者分为污便组和排便功能良好组,其肛管最大压力、向量容积及对称指数均显著低于正常对照组及低位前切除术对照组(P<0.001);污便组的最大收缩压、收缩向量容积及对称指数明显低于排便功能良好组(P<0.001);行经内外括约肌间切除术后25.0%(4/16)的患者出现直肠肛门抑制反射,明显低于行低位前切除术患者的93.3%(28/30),P<0.001。结论经内外括约肌间切除术后患者肛管最大压力及向量容积下降,肛门功能不如行低位前切除术者。直肠肛管向量测压技术是评估低位直肠癌患者行经内外括约肌间切除术后肛门括约肌功能较客观的方法。