96例斑秃皮肤镜临床表现分析

目的:探讨皮肤镜下斑秃临床特征表现。方法:分析2013年12月至2014年11月我科门诊确诊为斑秃的96例患者的临床资料、皮肤镜特征。结果:斑秃患者脱发区域皮肤镜征象包括黄点征、黑点征、断发、感叹号样发、短毳毛(新生短发<10 mm)。其中黄点征发生率最高,达69.8%,是诊断斑秃的敏感指标;感叹号样发、黑点征、断发在活动期发生率高,分别是40.6%、52.1%、48.9%,是斑秃重要的皮肤镜征象。结论:上述皮肤镜征象在斑秃的诊断、活动性评判及疗效评估上有较高的应用价值。     

斑秃的皮肤镜表现及对治疗的反应

目的 探讨斑秃患者皮肤镜征象表现及其在不同治疗方法治疗后消失的情况.方法 回顾性分析80例初诊或复发后初诊斑秃患者的初始皮肤镜征象以及在不同治疗方法治疗后消失的顺序,并分析其原因.结果 斑秃发病男女比例相近,平均发病年龄为26.5岁,平均病程为32.6个月,临床类型以斑片型多见;斑秃患者皮肤镜征象出现率由高到低依次为黄点（87.5％）、黑点（82.5％）、断发（77.5％）、短毳毛（76.25％）、感叹号发（45.0％）,黄点、断发、短毳毛与斑秃病程呈负相关,感叹号发与轻拉发实验呈正相关,黑点、断发、感叹号发两两之间亦呈显著正相关.二苯环丙烯酮（DPCP）组患者随访期间内均未见明显新生毛发,而另外3组有1种或以上皮肤镜征象消失的患者均伴有新生毛发增多.复方甘草酸苷组、复方倍他米松组、口服激素组中4种征象（黄点、黑点、断发、感叹号发）均有.患者治疗后征象最先消失比例最高的为感叹号发,平均时间为治疗后7.3周,第二消失比例最高的为黑点,平均时间为7.6周,第三消失比例较高的为断发,平均时间为8.2周,最后消失的为黄点,平均时间为8.4周,组间差异无统计学意义.结论 感叹号发与病情活动度呈正相关,DPCP组患者病程长,病情活动度少,以重型及难治型患者占大多数,治疗起效慢.治疗后皮肤镜征象的消失与治疗方法无关,与治疗起效时间有关,开始起效时间约在7.3周左右.超过随访时间所有征象均未消失的患者,说明病情活动未得到控制,需调整治疗方案.治疗起效后毛囊重新进入生长期,引起感叹号发首先消失,随之黑点、断发亦消失。     

斑秃患者的临床特征-附524例临床、皮肤镜及病理特点

目的:总结斑秃患者临床和实验室特点、皮肤镜征象及病理特点.方法:回顾性分析524例斑秃的临床资料及部分患者血清学检查、皮肤镜特点、病理检查并比较其相关关系.结果:脱发面积与患者的年龄、发病年龄呈明显负相关,与甲改变发生率呈正相关,即脱发面积大的重型患者,其发病年龄较小且伴有甲改变.全、普秃患者血清IgE浓度高于斑片型和弥漫型患者.拉发试验阳性率与皮肤镜下断发、黑点、感叹号发的发生率呈正相关.34.6％的患者皮损中可见毛囊周围或血管周围嗜酸粒细胞浸润,弥漫型斑秃患者嗜酸粒细胞浸润发生率高于斑片型和全、普秃患者.结论:通过皮肤镜征象和病理表现可以进一步了解患者皮损的发展阶段以及监测疾病活动性.     

皮肤镜在毛发疾病诊断中的应用

皮肤镜是一种皮肤显微镜,具有无创性、放大性和便携性,但皮肤镜并不单纯是放大镜:借助于偏振光的原理,皮肤镜在放大皮肤表面形态的同时,能够观察到皮下真皮浅层的血管分布、毛囊结构等,在毛发疾病中可用于观察毛囊型及毛囊间型的皮肤镜特点,以及毛干和毛根处头皮情况等相关内容。常见的脱发疾病有其特异性或非特异性的皮肤镜征象,掌握这些皮肤镜征象将有助于常见脱发疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断,如非瘢痕性斑状脱发的鉴别诊断、急性弥漫性脱发的鉴别诊断等;而斑秃患者的黑点征、感叹号发与断发的存在与否对临床治疗具有重要的指导意义。     

成人拔毛癖临床表现、皮肤镜特征和精神应激状态

目的:明确成人拔毛癖临床表现、皮肤镜特征和精神应激状态。方法:分析15例成人拔毛癖患者临床资料及皮肤镜特征,应用应激事件量表计算压力积分值并与17例斑秃及15例正常人进行比较。结果:15例拔毛癖患者中女10例,男5例,年龄18~51岁,平均35.67岁。拔发部位头顶部7例、颞部3例、枕部3例及额部2例。成人拔毛癖患者精神压力积分为98.33±11.23,高于正常成人的51.47±15.40(P0.05)。成人拔毛癖患者精神压力积分与斑秃患者(92.35±14.86)比较,无统计学意义(P0.05)。成人拔毛癖皮肤镜征象表现为黑点征14例(93.3%),断发13例(87.7%),新生短发、毳毛增多10例(66.7%),黄点征5例(33.3%)。结论:最常见拔发部位为头顶部,精神压力高于正常人,成人拔毛癖皮肤镜最常见特征为黑点征和断发。     

拔毛癖的临床表现、组织病理及皮肤镜特征

目的:分析拔毛癖患者的临床表现、皮肤镜影像及组织病理特征。方法:收集46例拔毛癖患者临床资料,对其中36例患者毛发进行皮肤镜观察并与62例斑秃患者进行比较;对其中5例皮损进行病理活检。结果:46例拔毛癖患者中男女比例为1:1.88,平均年龄为11.74岁,最常见脱发部位为头顶部。拔毛癖皮肤镜下最常见表现为黑点征(94.44%)和断发(94.44%)。拔毛癖患者病理组织主要表现为退行期毛囊增多、色素管型、毛囊周围出血、毛软化,炎症轻微。结论:皮肤镜是诊断、鉴别诊断拔毛癖的有力工具,组织病理检查则有助于确诊。     

以颞部受累为主的女性型脱发

报告1例以颞部受累为主的女性型秃发。患者女,66岁。双侧颞部脱发20余年。皮肤科检查:患者两侧颞部毛发稀疏明显,发质细软,头顶、额部及枕部毛发分布大致正常,拉发试验阴性。皮肤镜检查:患者两侧颞部可见毛干粗细不均,毛发直径异质性增加,毳毛样毛发的比例>50%,可见大量无毛干的毛囊开口,无断发、黑点征及惊叹号样发。患者的头顶部、额部及枕部毛发数量大致正常,毛发粗细一致,毛囊开口数量大致正常。诊断:女性型脱发。     

先天性三角形脱发10例临床分析

【摘要】 目的 观察先天性三角形脱发的临床特点。方法 收集厦门市儿童医院2020年8月至2021年6月诊治的10例先天性三角形脱发患儿的临床资料,分析其临床及皮肤镜特征。结果 10例患儿均为男性,年龄2个月至6岁4个月。6例患儿出生时或者出生后1月内发现脱发,4例为4个月至6岁。脱发情况：5例位于左侧额颞部,3例位于右侧额颞部,2例位于头顶部。患儿脱发区均可见毳毛样毛发,拉发试验均阴性,其中1例毳毛样毛发区散在正常毛发。皮肤镜检查：脱发区边界较清,可见大量毳毛样毛发,周围为正常毛发,未见黄点征、黑点征及感叹号状发。7例曾因脱发就诊于皮肤科,其中5例被诊断为斑秃,2例被诊断为皮脂腺痣。结论 先天性三角形脱发常见于儿童,好发部位为左侧额颞部。脱发区正常毛发被细的毳毛样毛发代替是该病的特点,皮肤镜有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

二十甲营养不良合并普秃1例

患者女,50岁,全部头发伴部分体毛脱落6个月.双手足甲甲板相继浑浊、粗糙变形20年.皮肤科情况:头发几乎全部脱落,眉毛、睫毛、腋毛和阴毛部分脱落;二十甲甲板表面粗糙,有纵脊,状如砂纸.毛发镜检查:可见惊叹号样发、断发,黑点征(+)、黄点征(+).指甲皮肤镜检查:甲板浑浊不透明、角质层变厚粗糙、点蚀、纵脊.诊断:二十甲营...     

89例常见秃发的毛发结构检查分析

目的:探讨毛发结构异常与常见秃发类型的相关性。方法:收集89例常见秃发患者的头发每人次100根,于光镜及电镜下观察其结构是否异常。结果:经统计斑秃(AA)的生长期脱发是以感叹号样发为主,伴断发时可见有羽状脆发、偶见粗细段发、结节状脆发或伴有毛小皮损伤;男性型秃发(MPA)、女性型秃发(FPA)的休止期脱发是以杵(棒)状发为主;另外女性秃发患者经常伴有管状发鞘(毛管型)。26例进行治疗前后的毛发结构检查,经有效治疗后所有秃发病例感叹号样发减少,而杵状发都不同程度增加。结论:毛发的结构异常与常见秃发类型相关。毛发结构检查的静态及动态观察,对秃发的诊断、疗效判断具有重要临床意义。     

Clinical significance of dermoscopy in alopecia areata: analysis of 300 cases

Objective To determine dermoscopic findings of alopecia areata (AA) from a large‐scale study that can be used as clinical indicators of disease. Methods Dermoscopic examination of areas of hair loss on the scalp of 300 Asian patients with AA was performed using a DermLite® II pro, which can block light reflection from the skin surface without immersion gels. Using the Spearman rank‐order correlation coefficient by rank test, correlations between the incidence of each dermoscopic finding and the severity of disease and disease activity were examined. The sensitivity and specificity of the findings as diagnostic clues for AA were evaluated. Results Characteristic dermoscopic findings of AA included black dots, tapering hairs, broken hairs, yellow dots, and clustered short vellus hairs (shorter than 10 mm) in the areas of hair loss. Black dots, yellow dots, and short vellus hairs correlated with the severity of disease, and black dots, tapering hairs, broken hairs, and short vellus hairs correlated with disease activity. For diagnosis, yellow dots and short vellus hairs were the most sensitive markers, and black dots, tapering hairs, and broken hairs were the most specific markers. Conclusion Dermoscopic characteristics, such as black dots, tapering hairs, broken hairs, yellow dots, and clustered short vellus hairs, are useful clinical indicators for AA.     

Coudability hairs: a revisited sign of alopecia areata assessed by trichoscopy

Background. We have previously reported several trichoscopic (dermatoscopic) characteristics, such as black dots, ‘exclamation‐mark’ hairs, broken hairs, yellow dots and clustered short vellus hairs as being useful clinical indicators for alopecia areata (AA). ‘Coudability hairs’, which are normal‐looking hairs tapered at the proximal end, have been previously reported as another sign of AA. Aims. To use trichoscopy to evaluate coudability hairs as a clinical indicator for the disease activity of AA and a substitute‐marker for the hair‐pull test. Methods. Trichoscopic examinations of hair loss and perilesional areas on the scalps of 100 East Asian patients with AA were performed using a dermatoscope. Using Spearman’s rank‐order correlation coefficient by rank test, we examined the correlations of scores between coudability and AA disease activity, severity or duration and other trichoscopic features, and then evaluated the coudability score as a surrogate‐marker for the hair‐pull test. Results. Coudability scores correlated positively with AA disease activity, hair‐pull tests, short duration, black dots and exclamation‐mark hairs, and correlated negatively with short vellus hairs. Conclusions. Coudability hairs, more closely perceived by trichoscopy, are useful‐markers for disease activity in AA and provide a surrogate‐marker for the hair‐pull test.     

[Translated article] Trichoscopy in Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that affects the hair follicle and can present as bald patches on the scalp and hair loss in other parts of the body. Diagnosis is clinical but can be aided by trichoscopy, a simple, rapid technique that reduces the need for invasive procedures and can also help with monitoring treatment response. We review the usefulness of trichoscopy in alopecia areata. The most common trichoscopic findings are yellow dots, black dots, exclamation mark hairs, short vellus hairs, and coudability hairs. Other, less common, findings can also help establish a diagnosis. Good response to treatment is indicated by the disappearance of black dots, broken hairs, and exclamation mark hairs. The observation of yellow dots, by contrast, indicates chronic disease and poor response to treatment.     

Tricoscopia en la alopecia areata

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that affects the hair follicle and can present as bald patches on the scalp and hair loss in other parts of the body. Diagnosis is clinical but can be aided by trichoscopy, a simple, rapid technique that reduces the need for invasive procedures and can also help with monitoring treatment response. We review the usefulness of trichoscopy in alopecia areata. The most common trichoscopic findings are yellow dots, black dots, exclamation mark hairs, short vellus hairs, and coudability hairs. Other, less common, findings can also help establish a diagnosis. Good response to treatment is indicated by the disappearance of black dots, broken hairs, and exclamation mark hairs. The observation of yellow dots, by contrast, indicates chronic disease and poor response to treatment.     

Trichoscopy for common hair loss diseases: algorithmic method for diagnosis

In recent years, the usefulness of trichoscopy (scalp dermoscopy) has been reported for hair loss diseases. Here, characteristic trichoscopic features of common hair loss diseases are described using a DermLite II pro or Epilight eight. Characteristic trichoscopic features of alopecia areata are black dots, tapering hairs (exclamation mark hairs), broken hairs, yellow dots and short vellus hairs. In androgenetic alopecia (AGA), hair diameter diversity (HDD), perifollicular pigmentation/peripilar sign and yellow dots are trichoscopically observed. In all cases of AGA and female AGA, HDD more than 20%, which corresponds to vellus transformation, can be seen. In cicatricial alopecia (CA), the loss of orifices, a hallmark of CA, and the associated changes including perifollicular erythema or scale and hair tufting were observed. Finally, an algorithmic method for trichoscopic diagnosing is proposed.     

Dry dermoscopy in clinical treatment of alopecia areata

Although dermoscopy is conventionally utilized with immersion gel for diagnosis of pigmented tumor, we utilized dry dermoscopy, which is dermoscopy without immersion gel, for clinical treatment of alopecia areata (AA). The scalp skin and hair of a 38-year-old Japanese male, and 23-, 22- and 47-year-old Japanese females with AA, whose normal hair color was black, were examined by dry dermoscopy. Exclamation mark hairs, short hairs, fractured hairs and black dots, all characteristic of AA, were detected by dry dermoscopy of the scalp of the 23-year-old female with ophiasis type AA. In the case of the 47-year-old female with round hair loss on the occipital scalp and diffuse hair loss over the fronto-vertical region, dry dermoscopy was useful for diagnosis of AA based on hair characteristic of AA. After she received corticosteroid pulse therapy with 500 mg of i.v. methylprednisolone on 3 successive days, her hair showed apparent regrowth and disappearance of the abnormal hairs characteristic of AA, evidenced by dry dermoscopy 1 month later. In a case of long-lasting AA in the 23-year-old female, we found a follicular plaque-like appearance at the opened hair follicle pores by dry dermoscopy. Histopathologically, the incompletely differentiated remnant hair shaft was packed in the follicular infundibulum. In addition, regrowing vellus hairs, which were difficult to clinically recognize, were detected by dry dermoscopy. Dry dermoscopy is therefore useful for both diagnosis and follow up of AA.     

Isolated hair loss on the eyebrow: five cases with trichoscopic features

Alopecia areta (AA) and trichotillomania (TTM) are common causes for hair loss on the eyebrows. Yellow dots, vellus hairs, anisotrichosis, empty follicular openings, and black dots were observed in the present study’s patients with AA. Split hairs, question mark hairs, broken hairs, flame hairs, black dots, hairs with different lengths, and hemorrhagic areas were found in the patients with TTM. Trichoscopy is a very useful and helpful technic in distinguishing AA and TTM on the eyebrows.     

Utility of dermoscopy in alopecia areata

Background:

Alopecia areata (AA) shows several well-defined dermoscopic features which may help in confirming diagnosis in AA.

Aims:

We carried out a study to examine the dermoscopic features of AA and develop a protocol for diagnosis of AA by dermoscopy.

Materials and Methods:

Dermoscopy was performed in 66 patients with AA. Hanse HVS-500NP dermoscope (magnification of ×32 and ×140) was used.

Results:

The mean age of the patients (46 males and 20 females) was 26.85 years. The mean age of onset was 25.15 years. The mean duration of alopecia was 10.3 months. Most common AA in our study was patchy type (57/66, 87.7%). Single patch was seen in 24 patients and multiple patches in 33 patients. Diffuse AA was seen in five patients. Ophiasis and alopecia universalis were seen in two patients each. Nail changes were fine pitting (4), ridging (2), thinning of nail plate (2). Twenty nail dystrophy, distal onycholysis, striate leukonychia and coarse pitting were seen in one patient each. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide was the most common therapy offered. Others were oral betamethasone minipulse therapy, dexamethasone pulse, minoxidil, anthralin and corticosteroids. The most common dermoscopic finding was yellow dots seen in 54 patients (81.8%), followed by black dots (44 patients, 66.6%), broken hairs (36 patients, 55.4%), short vellus hair (27 patients, 40.9%) and tapering hairs (8 patients, 12.1%).

Conclusions:

The most common dermoscopic finding of AA in our study was yellow dots, followed by black dots, broken hairs, short vellus hair and tapering hairs. Dermoscopic findings were not affected by the type of AA or the severity of the disease.