肝门部胆管癌及胆囊癌可切除性的术前判断

肝门部胆管癌和胆囊癌是胆道系统常见的恶性肿瘤 ,近年在各主要专科中心的检出率似有增多趋势。由于疾病早期并无特异性表现 ,早期诊断方法亦远未成熟 ,多数患者就诊时已属中晚期。尽管其远期疗效尚无根本性的改观 ,但手术切除依然是当前最主要的确定性治疗手段 ,可在一定程度上延长生存期、改善生活质量、并为后续综合治疗创造必要的条件。毋需讳言 ,现今的临床实践中对已基本确立诊断者 ,由于经治医师治疗理念上的差异而采取的不同措施对胆道恶性肿瘤的总体疗效有实质性影响。就本院的经验而言 ,部分被“判定”已无手术机会的病例实际上仍…     

腹腔镜探查在胆囊癌外科治疗中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜探查对于评估胆囊癌患者能否实施切除手术治疗的临床价值。方法:选取本院肝胆外科收治的胆囊癌患者197例,均具有实施手术切除的可能性,根据患者意愿分为腹腔镜组102例(腹腔组)和开腹组95例(开腹组),比较两组患者的探查结果及手术结果差异。结果:腹腔镜组共发现肝脏转移23例、腹膜广泛转移19例,开腹组发现肝脏转移28例、腹膜广泛转移22例,两种探查方式探查后发现肝脏转移、腹膜广泛转移率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组60例患者转开腹继续探查,开腹探查后发现1例肝脏多发转移、3例侵犯肝门脉系统、4例侵犯胰头或十二指肠。腹腔镜组总中止手术率(48.54%)与开腹组(52.63%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组的姑息手术切除率18.63%、根治性手术切除率32.35%与开腹组的17.89、29.47%比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组手术率50.98%,开腹组为47.39%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组的探查时间、出血量、住院时间、术后下床活动时间均低于开腹组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜探查对于评估胆囊癌患者能否实施切除手术治疗与开腹探查效果几乎一致,且具有手术时间短、创伤小、恢复快的优点。     

腹腔镜胆囊癌的可切除性评估

胆囊癌的腹腔镜手术起步于腹腔镜下意外胆囊癌的治疗,对于肿瘤局限于黏膜和黏膜下固有层的T1a期胆囊癌,单纯的腹腔镜下胆囊切除即已达到根治手术的目的。随着腹腔镜技术的发展,腹腔镜下胆肠吻合、肝脏局部切除和半肝切除、肝十二     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中发现胆囊癌的处理(附7例报告)

对我院近7年来腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中遇到的胆囊癌7例进行了回顾性分析.     

进展期胃癌术前腹腔镜探查的临床意义

目的:探讨为进展期胃癌患者术前行腹腔镜检查的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2006年1月至2008年11月我院收治的18例进展期胃癌患者在全麻下行腹腔镜检查的临床资料。结果:18例术前均未发现腹膜转移,腹腔镜探查发现8例腹膜转移(P1～P3),腹腔镜对腹膜转移的评估显著优于传统术前诊断方法(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜可作为常规检查手段的一种补充,对进展期胃癌进行准确的诊断和分期,有助于手术决策的制定、估计治疗结果和预后,避免不必要的剖腹探查。     

腹腔镜手术意外胆囊癌的处理

目的探讨在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）中意外发现的胆囊癌的治疗方法。方法对17例LC时意外发现的胆囊癌者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果11例NevinⅠ，Ⅱ期患者行单纯LC；1例Ⅲ期和3例Ⅳ期患者行LC＋局部淋巴结清扫术；2例Ⅳ期患者行胆囊切除术。全组意外胆囊癌的发生率为0．6％。Ⅰ，Ⅱ期患者术后最长随访5年，未见复发；Ⅲ期1例术后1．5年复发，再次手术；而Ⅳ，Ⅴ期的病例预后较差，均于1年内死亡。结论Ⅰ，Ⅱ期的意外胆囊癌行LC可达到根治目的。Ⅲ期的需行胆囊癌根治术，如术中做到切缘镜下无瘤可望提高生存率。Ⅴ期应采用局部清扫＋肝脏楔形切除术进行治疗。     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊癌根治术治疗早期胆囊癌疗效的Meta分析

目的:比较早期胆囊癌行腹腔镜与开腹胆囊癌根治术的临床疗效.方法:计算机检索英文及中文数据库关于腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗早期胆囊癌的对照研究,检索截止时间为2019年12月.对纳入的文献进行质量评价与数据提取后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析.结果:共纳入8项研究、462例患者,其中腹腔镜组214例,开腹组24...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗意外胆囊癌与胆囊癌根治术的临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗意外胆囊癌与再次行胆囊癌根治术对预后的影响.方法 7例LC术意外胆囊癌(T2期)患者再次接受胆囊癌根治术(开腹或腔镜下),与同期进行的开腹一期根治手术的14例胆囊癌(T2期)患者加以对比,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析两组的生存率. 结果 LC组和开腹组术后的1、3、5年生存率分别为100%、67%、67%和92%、84%、60%,两组生存时间的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.015,P=0.901).3例浸润深度为胆囊黏膜层的T1a期胆囊癌经LC治疗后均生存6年以上.3例腹腔镜胆囊癌根治术的患者术后随访6～12个月,均为无瘤生存.结论在注意避免术中胆汁溢出、应用标本取出袋等无瘤保护措施得当的情况下,及时行胆囊癌根治术,先期的LC不影响T2期胆囊癌的预后,而对于T1a期胆囊癌仅行LC即可获得满意的长期生存.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中意外胆囊癌临床分析

腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecysteotomv，LC）目前已成为治疗胆囊良性疾病的标准术式，在术中或术后病理组织学检查发现的胆囊癌被称为意外胆囊癌（unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma，UGC）。发现胆囊癌后的进一步处理对患者预后有较大的影响，我院行LC30000余例，发现UGC17例,报道如下。     

Total laparoscopic resection of the gallbladder together with the gallbladder bed

Patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder that is preoperatively diagnosed by radiology do not undergo laparoscopic resection, because such surgery is thought to worsen the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma. However, the prognosis for patients with incidental T2 gallbladder carcinoma who are treated laparoscopically is reportedly no worse than that for patients undergoing conventional surgery. We successfully performed total laparoscopic resection of the gallbladder together with the gallbladder bed without any complications. We believe that this procedure represents a valid therapeutic option for carefully selected patients with T2 carcinoma of the gallbladder.     

胆囊癌手术方式的合理选择

Radical resection is still the only possible cure for gallbladder cancer nowadays. Rational procedures vary according to different TNM stages, locations and biological behavior of tumor. Diagnostic laparoscopic exploration offers the opportunity to identify peritoneal metastasis which may be negative on preoperative radiological findings. Besides, this can also minimize trauma to abdomen. Therefore, laparoscopic exploration is suggested in cases highly suspected of peritoneal metastasis. For incidental gallbladder cancer, radical surgery should be performed because of positive margin of cystic duct, inadequate trocar management or advanced tumor stages. Timing for reoperation is still controversial. Most scholars recommended that it should be proceed within two months after the first surgery.     

Agenesis of the gallbladder in adults: a laparoscopic diagnosis

Summary. Failure to find the gallbladder at the usual or most common atypical sites during surgery for cholecystolithiasis is a rare but known problem. Although ultrasonography has 95 % sensitivity for the diagnosis of cholelithiasis, occasionally a small contracted gallbladder with stones and chronic cholecystitis will be difficult to visualize and can lead to erroneous interpretation. We report on the case of a patient presenting with abdominal colic and ultrasonographically confirmed cholecystolithiasis. During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the gallbladder could not be detected. After laparoscopic staging followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and abdominal computed tomography, agenesis of the gallbladder was confirmed. This method can be considered for diagnosis of gallbladder agenesis without the need for laparotomy and thorough exploration.      

Open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder carcinoma

Laparoscopic surgery has replaced conventional open cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease. A major concern is how to handle gallbladder cancer in the laparoscopic era, since there are numerous case reports of port site metastases from gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There are also many experimental studies favoring the opinion that the laparoscopic technique implies a higher risk of spreading malignant disease. This opinion has gained wide acceptance despite little previous clinical effort to determine the risk of tumor dissemination and the lack of comparisons between open and laparoscopic surgery. This report is a short summary of our own studies and present knowledge with special respect to the clinical aspects of the development and incidence of abdominal wall metastases. Among 270 patients with verified gallbladder carcinoma in whom 210 had open surgery and 60 a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 12 patients (6.5%) in the open cholecystectomy group and 9 (15%) in the laparoscopic group developed incisional metastases. Although the sparse clinical documentation does not unavoidably mean that laparoscopic cholecystectomy has an increased risk of disseminating tumor cells, we recommend open surgery in cases of known or suspected gallbladder carcinoma. Received: January 9, 2001 / Accepted: August 1, 2001     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中意外胆囊癌的临床诊治体会

目的:总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中意外胆囊癌(unexpected gallbladder carcinoma,UGC)的临床病理特点,探讨手术方法及预防转移复发的对策。方法:回顾分析1997年8月至2008年11月5 586例LC术中26例(0.47%)UGC患者的临床资料,应用Kaplan-Meier法对比单纯胆囊切除术组、胆囊癌根治术组及pTis、pT1期与pT2、pT3、pT4期患者的累积生存率。结果:26例UGC患者中,术前诊断以胆囊结石和胆囊息肉为主。按病理分期,pTis期2例,pT1a期4例,pT1b期3例,pT2期10例,pT3期5例,pT4期2例。胆囊癌根治组患者累积生存率优于单纯胆囊切除组;pTis、pT1期患者预后显著优于pT2、pT3、pT4期。结论:具有胆囊癌高危因素的患者,术前应全面分析临床资料,术中仔细剖检胆囊,标本行冰冻切片检查,一旦确诊应早期行根治性切除术,术中需采取措施预防肿瘤种植和转移。     

胆囊癌专题系列文章述评

This is a series of four papers on "Gallbladder Cancer" written by the most famous hepatobiliary surgeons and oncologists in China. The titles of the papers are: ( 1 )" Preoperative management of patients with suspected gallbladder cancer"by CHEN Wei and LIANG Li-jian; (2)"Selection of surgical procedures for gallbladder cancer" by PENG Shu-you and HONG De-fei; (3) "Diagnosis and treatment of incidental gallbladder cancer" by JIANG Xiao-qing and QIU Ying-he; (4)"Comprehensive management of gallbladder cancer" by WANG Jian-dong and QUAN Zhi-wei. These papers emphasize on the following important points on gallbladder cancer: (1)Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is absolutely contraindicated when gallbladder cancer is known or suspected pre-operatively; patients with a pre-operative suspicion of gallbladder cancer should undergo laparotomy, exploration and cholecystectomy after proper pre-operative assessment; (2)With the exception of Tis and T1a tumors, all patients with resectable gallbladder cancer should receive radical cholecystectomy, and a R0 resection should be aimed at; ( 3 ) For patients whose cancer is an incidental finding on pathological review, a second radial resection should be carried out as soon as possible, except for Tis and T1a diseases;(4) There is very little role for chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the adjuvant or palliative treatment of gallbladder cancer; (5)Surgery is the only curative treatment for gallbladder cancer.     

胆囊原位癌腹腔镜手术3例报告

目的:探讨胆囊原位癌腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性。方法:术后对行腹腔镜手术的胆囊原位癌3例定期随访复查。结果:3例随访分别 3年、2年、3个月,治疗效果满意。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术可用于切除胆囊原位癌。由于胆囊原位癌术前诊断困难,故对高危人群要予以重视。     

TNM staging and assessment of resectability of pancreatic cancer by laparoscopic ultrasonography

Background: Laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) is an imaging modality that combines laparoscopy and ultrasonography. The purpose of this prospective blinded study was to evaluate the TNM stage and assessment of resectability by LUS in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: Of the 71 consecutive patients admitted to our department, 36 were excluded from the study, mainly due to evident signs of metastatic disease or another condition that would preclude surgery. Thus, a total of 35 patients were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent abdominal CT scan, ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), diagnostic laparoscopy, and LUS. Histopathologic examination was considered to be the final evaluation for LUS in all but three patients, where EUS was used as the reference. Results: The accuracy of LUS in T staging was 29/33 (80%); in N staging it was 22/34 (76%); in M staging, it was 23/34 (68%); and in overall TNM staging, it was 23/34 (68%). In assessment of nonresectability, distant metastases, and lymph node metastases, the sensitivity was 0.86, 0.43 and 0.67, respectively, for LUS alone. Combining the information gleaned from laparoscopy and LUS, the accuracy in finding nonresectable tumors was 89%. Conclusions: Diagnostic laparoscopy with LUS is highly accurate in TNM staging and assessment of resectability of pancreatic cancer and should be considered an important modality in the assessment algorithm. Received: 6 July 1998/Accepted: 13 October 1998     

Efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acalculous gallbladder disease: long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in symptomatic patients with ultrasound negative and abnormal gallbladder ejection fractions; Patients with gallbladder ejection fractions less than 35% on hepatobiliary scan were offered laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Between January 1995 and January 2001, 1564 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at our institution: 256 were confirmed to have acalculous gallbladder disease by pathology report and reconfirmation of abnormal hepatobiliary scan data. A 30-day postoperative follow-up was obtained by retrospective medical record review. For this study, we contacted all 256 patients by mail questionnaire and followed up on nonresponders with telephone interviews; we also reviewed hospital records to verify preoperative symptom patterns. The survey was completed by 154 patients (60%): 48 (31%) by mail and 106 (69%) by telephone interviews. The study included 115 (75%) female and 39 (25%) male patients, and the average age was 42 years (range, 13 to 95). All hepatobiliary laboratory parameters were normal pre- and postoperatively. The survey was completed in December 2001, 1 to 5 years postoperatively (mean 3 years). RESULTS: Preoperatively, 142 patients (92%) had right upper quadrant pain, 114 (74%) had nausea, 88 (57%) had vomiting, 120 (73%) had heartburn, and 118 (77%) had food intolerance. In a 30-day postoperative period, these numbers had reduced to 48 (37%), 14 (90%), 8 (5%), 22 (14%), and 34 (22%), respectively. had laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and 95% stated that they would recommend laparoscopic cholecystectomy to other patients. CONCLUSION: This study shows that patients with acalculous gallbladder disease benefit from laparoscopic cholecystectomy.