手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性深静脉血栓的临床分析

目的 总结手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性髂股深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床经验.方法 2008年10月至2010年12月,15例急性DVT患者接受手术取栓联合同侧髂静脉腔内支架植入术.男性6例,女性9例;年龄36～71岁,平均57.4岁.DVT位于左股、髂及下腔静脉内2例,双侧髂静脉1例,其余12例均在左髂股静脉.所有患者表现患肢明显肿胀,其中12例伴有患肢疼痛.DVT发病时间平均为3.3 d.诱发DVT的原因包括外科手术6例,DVT复发2例,其余7例病因不清.并发症包括消化道出血1例,胃溃疡1例,高血压3例,脑梗死1例.取栓之前均先经右股静脉穿刺植入下腔静脉滤器(包括1例双髂静脉血栓患者),取栓之后术中造影均发现髂静脉受压致重度狭窄或完全闭塞,均先行球囊血管成形后植入自膨式支架.结果 术中造影证实髂静脉压迫综合征12例,取栓后残留狭窄3例.共植入18枚自膨式支架,手术成功率15/15,30 d病死率为0;1例术后伤口出现血肿,保守治疗后痊愈.12例获得随访,随访时间为2～26个月,平均13.3个月.所有患者疼痛消失,仅2例表现为活动后患肢轻度肿胀.所有患者均未出现血栓复发.结论 手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性DVT安全有效,早期临床结果满意,并发症发生率低.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of surgical venous thrombectomy and simultaneous stenting in patients with acute, symptomatic iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis ( DVT) .Methods From October 2008 to December 2010, a total of 15 patients with acute symptomatic DVT underwent combined surgical venous thrombectomy and endovascular stenting in ipsilateral iliac vein. There were 6 male and 9 female patients, with a mean age of 57. 4 years ( ranging from 36 to 71 years) . All patients underwent Duplex ultrasonography for diagnosis of DVT. The location of thrombosis was femoroiliocaval vein in 2 cases, bilateral iliac vein in 1 case and left iliofemoral vein in 12 cases. All patients had leg swelling and 12 cases had severe leg pain. The mean time of symptomatic DVT occurring at operation was 3. 3 d. The factors related to DVT were operation in 6 cases, DVT reoccur in 2 cases. Coexist diseases were digestive tract bleeding in 1 case, gastric ulcer in 1 case, hypertension in 3 cases and 1 case had cerebral infarction. The inferior vena cava filter was inserted before thrombectomy, iliac vein compression and residual stensosis were treated with a self-expandable stent after thrombectomy. Results Intraoperative venography showed severe venous stenosis in all patients including 80% of iliac vein compression syndrome, 18 self-expandable stents were inserted successfully, the procedural successful rate was 100% , the 30-day mortality rate was 0. One case was suffered from hematoma at incision after operation.3 patients were lost during follow-up. Median follow-up was 10. 3 months ( ranging from 2 to 26 months). There was no case of re-thrombosis. Leg pain was disappeared in all cases and only 2 patients showed slight leg swelling after excise. Conclusion Combined surgical thrombectomy and endovascular treatment for patients with acute symptomatic iliofemoral venous thrombosis is an effective and safe technique with low morbidity and good clinical results.     

TASC-D型髂动脉病变的腔内治疗

目的 探讨对泛大西洋协作组织(TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus Working Group,TASC)-D型髂动脉闭塞性病变腔内治疗的疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2006年6月至2010年6月,TASC-D型髂动脉病变腔内治疗的26例患者(共31条肢体)的临床资料.单纯髂动脉病变10例,髂动脉合并腹股沟以下病变16例.结果 24例患者(28条肢体)获得成功,技术成功率90.3%(28条/31条),成功的28条肢体临床症状改善率100%(28条/28条),治疗成功者共放置支架44枚,其中8条肢体进行腹股沟以下动脉腔内治疗,3条肢体同时行股-腘人工血管旁路术,8例患者辅助超声消融技术.术后踝-肱指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)为0.67±0.16,较术前0.37 ±0.15提高,两者差异有统计学意义(t=13.24,P<0.01).随访22例(26条肢体),时间3～44个月,平均(22±11)个月.1年初期通畅率90%(18/20);二期累积通畅率95%(19/20);3年初期通畅率70%(7/10),二期累积通畅率80%(8/10).结论 对于难以耐受外科手术的TASC-D型髂动脉病变可以选用腔内治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate recanalization for TASC-D type iliac artery lesions.Methods Between June 2006 and June 2010,26 patients with a total of 31 limbs of the TASC-D iliac artery lesions underwent endovascular procedure. Results Technical success rate was 90.3% (28/31).Clinical symptom improvement rate was 100%. Forty-four stents were placed in 28 limbs of the 24 patients.Eleven patients underwent an associated procedure; femoropopliteal endovascular procedures in 8 cases,femoro-popliteal bypass in 3 cases. Eight patients underwent an intravascular ultrasound thrombolysis.Postoperative ankle-brachial index ( ABI) was increased by more than 0. 15 in all patients. Twenty-two patients(26 limbs) were followed-up for 3 -44 mos, the primary patency rate at 12 months was 90% ,and cumulative patency rate was 95%. At 36 months primary patency rate was 70% , and secondary patency rate was 80%. Conclusions Because the technical success rate is high, endovascular techeniques are the choice of therapy in high risk patients with TASC-D type iliac artery lesions.     

非体外循环与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植血管中远期通畅率比较

目的 比较非体外循环不停跳与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术后中远期移植血管的通畅率.方法 对同一术者行冠状动脉旁路移植手术后5年以上病例50例.按手术方式分为两组.第1组采用传统体外循环下进行冠状动脉旁路移植(体外循环组,25例);第2组采用非体外循环不停跳技术进行冠状动脉旁路移植(非体外循环组,25例).对所有病例进行冠状动脉造影随访,比较两组移植血管的通畅情况.结果 两组均男21例,女4例.第1组手术年龄(55.4±8.9)岁;随访70～110个月,平均(86.52±12.48)个月;移植血管共83支,其中动脉移植血管41支,静脉移植血管42支,平均移植血管(3.32±0.63)支/例;随访移植血管通畅61支,狭窄6支,闭塞16支,动脉移植物通畅率为78.05%,静脉通畅率69.05%,总通畅率73.49%.第2组手术年龄(58.2±9.09)岁;移植血管共65支,其中动脉移植血管31支,静脉移植血管34支,平均移植血管(2.52±0.71)支/例,随访64～99个月,平均(82.68±12.48)个月;随访移植血管通畅47支,狭窄4支,闭塞14支,动脉移植物通畅率为74.19%,静脉通畅率70.59%,总通畅率72.31%.结论 非体外循环不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术移植血管中远期通畅率与传统体外循环手术一致,均可达到较好的中远期疗效.

Abstract：

Objective Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is used more widely in recent years in China. However, there is an argument on benefits and risks of off-pump surgery. Many studies shown that OPCAB had more benefits in short-term outcomes than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting(CCABG). But evidences from other studies suggested that OPCAB resulted in less long-term graft patency as compared with on-pump surgery. This study examined the longterm graft patency of OPCAB and CCABG performed by one surgeon. Methods 50 patients who had received surgical revascularization by a surgeon for more than 5 years were reviewed, 25 patients received conventional coronary artery bypass grafting ( group 1 ) and 25 patients received OPCAB ( group 2). All patients had angiograms for compareing the graft patency between the two groups. Results Among 25 patients in group 1,21 were male and 4 were female. The mean age of patients at surgery was (55.4 ±8.9) years. 15 cases had unstable angina, 16 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes.The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.58 ±0.14. The mean number of bypasses per patient was 3.32 ±0.63. Mean duration of operation was (3.58 ± 0. 82) hours. Mean follow-up duration was ( 86.52 ± 12.48) months. 83 grafts were evaluated for patency ( open vs. closed) and were graded by Fitzgibbon as grade A ( excellent graft), B ( impaired graft, with a stenosis of ≥50%, or a diameter less than 50% of the grafted artery), or O ( completely occluded). The graft patency was 73.49%, 61grafts were graded as Fitzgibbon A, 6 grafts as Fitzgibbon B and 16 grafts as Fitzgibbon 0. 25 patients were in group 2, 21males and 4 females. The mean age of patients at procedure was (58.2 ± 9.09) years, 11 patients had unstable angina, 13 patients had old myocardial infarction and 6 cases had diabetes. The ejection fraction (EF) was 0.59 ± 0. 14. Conclusion No 2011.03.013 difference in long-term graft patency was identified between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Off-pump oronary artery bypass grafting preformed by an experienced surgeon may gain similar long-term graft patency to that of conventional bypass.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成局部置管溶栓与外周静脉溶栓的比较

目的 比较急性下肢深静脉血栓形成经局部及外周静脉抗凝溶栓治疗的效果,以指导临床治疗.方法 回顾性分析我院2001年1月至2008年5月期间收治的225例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的临床资料,按照治疗方法分A、B两组.A组为经股深静脉置管抗凝溶栓治疗患者,共71例,左侧47例,右侧20例,双侧4例;B组为经外周静脉抗凝溶栓治疗的患者,共154例,左侧121例,右侧27例,双侧6例.通过监测患者临床症状、测量下肢周径变化比较两组治疗效果.结果 A组患者治疗3 d后好转率优于B组患者(94.4%比69.5%,P＜0.01).治疗7 d后,A组的治愈率虽然优于B组患者,但差异无统计学意义(85.9%比75.3%,P＞0.05).治疗后平均随访(43±18)个月,两组的并发症及复发率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 股静脉置管局部溶栓治疗的早期疗效优于经外周静脉给药,但两种方法的中远期治疗效果相似.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of anticoagulation and thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis via local vein approach and peripheral vein approach to guide clinical treatment. Methods There were 225 patients with deep venous thrombosis admitted from January 2001 to May 2008. The cases were divided into two groups by therapy procedures. The patients in group A were treated by deep femoral vein catheter-directed anticoagulation and thrombolysis, including a total number of 71 patients, with right lower extremity in 20 patients, left lower extremity in 47 patients and bilateral lower extremities in 4 patients. One hundred and fifty-four patients were included in group B with anticoagulation and thrombolysis through peripheral vein, among them right lower extremity in 27 patients, left lower extremity in 121 patients and bilateral lower extremities in 6 patients. The efficacy was evaluated and compared by observing clinical symptoms and measuring of changes in limb circumference. Results Symptoms were alleviated in all patients in 3 d after the treatment, but the efficacy of group A was better than group B (94. 4% vs. 69. 5% ,P＜0. 01). The efficacy of group A was also better than group B in 7 days after treatment, but with no significant difference (85. 9% vs. 75. 3% , P ＞0. 05). A mean follow-up period was (43 ±18) months.There was no significant difference in incidence of complication and recurrence between two groups.Conclusions The earlier efficacy of anticoagulation and thrombolysis via femoral vein approach is better than via peripheral vein approach in earlier period of deep venous thrombosis. While peripheral intravenous therapy has also good results after long-term treatment.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成局部置管溶栓与外周静脉溶栓的比较

Objective To investigate the efficacy of anticoagulation and thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis via local vein approach and peripheral vein approach to guide clinical treatment. Methods There were 225 patients with deep venous thrombosis admitted from January 2001 to May 2008. The cases were divided into two groups by therapy procedures. The patients in group A were treated by deep femoral vein catheter-directed anticoagulation and thrombolysis, including a total number of 71 patients, with right lower extremity in 20 patients, left lower extremity in 47 patients and bilateral lower extremities in 4 patients. One hundred and fifty-four patients were included in group B with anticoagulation and thrombolysis through peripheral vein, among them right lower extremity in 27 patients, left lower extremity in 121 patients and bilateral lower extremities in 6 patients. The efficacy was evaluated and compared by observing clinical symptoms and measuring of changes in limb circumference. Results Symptoms were alleviated in all patients in 3 d after the treatment, but the efficacy of group A was better than group B (94. 4% vs. 69. 5% ,P＜0. 01). The efficacy of group A was also better than group B in 7 days after treatment, but with no significant difference (85. 9% vs. 75. 3% , P ＞0. 05). A mean follow-up period was (43 ±18) months.There was no significant difference in incidence of complication and recurrence between two groups.Conclusions The earlier efficacy of anticoagulation and thrombolysis via femoral vein approach is better than via peripheral vein approach in earlier period of deep venous thrombosis. While peripheral intravenous therapy has also good results after long-term treatment.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成局部置管溶栓与外周静脉溶栓的比较

Objective To investigate the efficacy of anticoagulation and thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis via local vein approach and peripheral vein approach to guide clinical treatment. Methods There were 225 patients with deep venous thrombosis admitted from January 2001 to May 2008. The cases were divided into two groups by therapy procedures. The patients in group A were treated by deep femoral vein catheter-directed anticoagulation and thrombolysis, including a total number of 71 patients, with right lower extremity in 20 patients, left lower extremity in 47 patients and bilateral lower extremities in 4 patients. One hundred and fifty-four patients were included in group B with anticoagulation and thrombolysis through peripheral vein, among them right lower extremity in 27 patients, left lower extremity in 121 patients and bilateral lower extremities in 6 patients. The efficacy was evaluated and compared by observing clinical symptoms and measuring of changes in limb circumference. Results Symptoms were alleviated in all patients in 3 d after the treatment, but the efficacy of group A was better than group B (94. 4% vs. 69. 5% ,P＜0. 01). The efficacy of group A was also better than group B in 7 days after treatment, but with no significant difference (85. 9% vs. 75. 3% , P ＞0. 05). A mean follow-up period was (43 ±18) months.There was no significant difference in incidence of complication and recurrence between two groups.Conclusions The earlier efficacy of anticoagulation and thrombolysis via femoral vein approach is better than via peripheral vein approach in earlier period of deep venous thrombosis. While peripheral intravenous therapy has also good results after long-term treatment.     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成局部置管溶栓与外周静脉溶栓的比较

Objective To investigate the efficacy of anticoagulation and thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis via local vein approach and peripheral vein approach to guide clinical treatment. Methods There were 225 patients with deep venous thrombosis admitted from January 2001 to May 2008. The cases were divided into two groups by therapy procedures. The patients in group A were treated by deep femoral vein catheter-directed anticoagulation and thrombolysis, including a total number of 71 patients, with right lower extremity in 20 patients, left lower extremity in 47 patients and bilateral lower extremities in 4 patients. One hundred and fifty-four patients were included in group B with anticoagulation and thrombolysis through peripheral vein, among them right lower extremity in 27 patients, left lower extremity in 121 patients and bilateral lower extremities in 6 patients. The efficacy was evaluated and compared by observing clinical symptoms and measuring of changes in limb circumference. Results Symptoms were alleviated in all patients in 3 d after the treatment, but the efficacy of group A was better than group B (94. 4% vs. 69. 5% ,P＜0. 01). The efficacy of group A was also better than group B in 7 days after treatment, but with no significant difference (85. 9% vs. 75. 3% , P ＞0. 05). A mean follow-up period was (43 ±18) months.There was no significant difference in incidence of complication and recurrence between two groups.Conclusions The earlier efficacy of anticoagulation and thrombolysis via femoral vein approach is better than via peripheral vein approach in earlier period of deep venous thrombosis. While peripheral intravenous therapy has also good results after long-term treatment.     

Management of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm due to addictive drug injection

Objective: To study surgical management for patients with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection. Methods： Clinical data of 34 patients with femoral pseudoaneurysm resulting from addictive drug injection were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Thirteen patients underwent bypass graft ( end to side) of external iliac artery and superficial femoral artery using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). Three patients who had an autogenous saphenous vein graftin situs, one of whom was then performed an ePTFE graft when rupture and bleeding occurred at the anastomotic site. Color Doppler image showed patent grafted blood vessels in all the patients after operation. Eighteen patients had their femoral arteries ligated. Limbs of all the 34 patients were saved. Conclusions： Ligating femoral artery is an effective way to treat femoral artery pseudoaneurysm if autogenous saphenous vein graft or artificial vessel graft is not applicable.     

Free iliac crest grafts with periosteum for treatment of old acetabular defects

Objective: To inquire into the therapeutic effectiveness of free iliac crest grafts with periosteum on old acetabular defects. Methods:From February 1996 to June 2005, 9 patients were treated with free iliac crest grafts with periosteum to reconstruct old acetabular defects. There were 7 males and 2 females and the average age was 41.3 years. The acetabular defects were caused by traffic accidents in 6 cases and fall injury in 3 cases. The time from injury to treatment was 4-13 months and averaged 8 months. Intraoperatively we firstly removed the acetabular fracture fragments of the posterior wall. The femoral head was then reducted. Bone graft was harvested from the iliac crest with periosteum,which was sculpted with a rongeur to conform to the defect. The concave (iliac fossa) side of the graft was placed toward the femoral head. The graft was securedly fixed by two to three leg screws. Results:Postoperative syndrome was not found in any of the cases. Harris' score system showed that the score raised from 32. 3 points preoperatively to 81 points postoperatively. The hip function was evaluated as excellent in 3 cases,good in 4 cases and fair in 2 cases. Conclusions: Although this procedure could not exactly reproduce the anatomy of the hip joint, it enables to restore the posterior stability, provide bone-stock for the hip joints and prevent dislocation of the femoral head.     

切开复位与闭合复位治疗移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

Objective To compare the clinical effects of open reduction and closed reduction in treatment of the displaced femoral neck fractures(Garden types Ⅲ and Ⅳ). Methods The clinic data of 122 patients who had been treated for displaced femoral neck fractures in our hospital from January 1998 to June 2006 were included for the present respective analysis.Of them,73 cases were treated with closed reduetion and 49 with open reduction.In the closed reduction group,there were 42 men and 31 women(mean age,56.2±2.4 years),and 43 cases of Garden Ⅲ and 30 eases of Garden Ⅳ.In the open reduction group,there were 30 men and 19 women(mean age,57.5±3.1 years),and 27 cases of Garden Ⅲ and 22 cases of Garden Ⅳ.The 2 groups were compared in reduction quality.satisfactory fixation,ratio of nonunion and ratio of femoral avascular necrosis. Results The 122 patients received a mean follow-up of 50.3 months (from 20 to 101 months).The reduction quality was rated as grade Ⅰ in 39 cases,as gradeⅡin 19 cases,as grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ in 15 cases in the closed group,and as grade Ⅰ in 38 cases,as grade Ⅱ in 9 cases,as grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ in 2 eases in the open group.The differences between the 2 groups were significant(x2=9.519,P=0.010).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in satisfactory fixation(86.3%venus 87.8%)or in nonunion ratio(8.2%versus 6.1%)(P>0.05).The ratio of femoral avascular necrosis for the open reduction group(10.2%)was significantly lower than that for the closed reduction group (27.4%)(x2=5.320,P=0.021). Conclusion Since open reduction can lower the ratio of femoral avascular necrosis for displaced femoral neck fractures,it is essential to perform timely open reduction when closed reduction fails or the fracture is obviously displaced.     

腔内血管成形术治疗髂动脉长段慢性完全闭塞性病变

目的 评价腔内血管成形术治疗髂动脉长段慢性完全闭塞性病变(CTO)的可行性、有效性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2010年12月经腔内血管成形术治疗的病变长度＞5 cm的髂动脉CTO患者139例(157条患肢)的临床资料.其中男性93例(105条患肢),女性46例(52条患肢);年龄50 ～96岁,平均年龄(77±10)岁.TASCⅡ分型:B型18例,C型89例,D型32例.采用左肱动脉和(或)股动脉穿刺经内膜下或血管内行髂动脉闭塞的球囊血管成形联合支架植入术治疗.结果 技术成功率96.2％ (151/157).踝肱指数由术前的0.42±0.19上升到术后的0.81±0.26.随访6～53个月,平均随访(30±7)个月,髂动脉支架畅通率94.1％ (111/118),7例发生支架内再狭窄或闭塞,无髂动脉破裂、支架移位、穿刺动脉假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘的发生.结论 腔内血管成形术治疗髂动脉长段CTO安全、有效,术后支架通畅率高,联合肱动脉和股动脉双向穿刺技术能够显著提高技术成功率.     

Recanalization of totally occluded iliac and adjacent venous segments

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report our experience with percutaneous recanalization of totally occluded iliac veins and inferior vena cava. Material and Methods: Recanalization of the iliac vein was performed in 38 limbs. In nine limbs, recanalization of the inferior vena cava was also necessary (two with filter). In 28 of 38 limbs, the stent was extended below the groin crease into the common femoral vein segment. Large-caliber (14 or 16 mm for iliac vein) flexible self-expanding stents were used. Stents were routinely extended for a short distance into the inferior vena cava to forestall development of iliocaval stenosis. Intravascular ultrasound scan was a valuable tool in the procedure. The median length of the recanalized segment was long (22 cm), and multiple stents (median, n = 3) were necessary in most patients. Forty-five percent of the patients had coagulation abnormalities. RESULTS: No morbidity or mortality was seen. Actuarial primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates of the stents at 24 months were 49%, 62%, and 76%, respectively. Median pain level decreased significantly (level 4 to level 0; P <.0001) after stent placement, and more than two thirds of the patients became totally pain free after the procedure. Swelling also improved significantly, and a third of the patients became totally free of any swelling after stent placement. Sixty-six percent of cases with stasis ulcers/dermatitis (n = 14) were resolved (actuarial, 1 year), although uncorrected reflux persisted in many of these limbs. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous recanalization of the occluded iliac vein with stent placement appears to be successful in the short term, with good patency, significant symptom resolution, and minimal morbidity.     

动脉自膨式支架置入治疗下肢缺血

目的探讨下肢各个部位动脉腔内自膨式支架置入治疗下肢缺血的疗效。方法对2002年1月-2006年3月支架治疗65例71条患肢的临床资料进行临床回顾性研究，其中52．3％（38／71）肢体为糖尿病下肢动脉硬化，47、7％（33／71）肢体为非糖尿病下肢动脉硬化。支架部位包括腹主动脉支架2例2条患肢2枚支架，腹主动脉及髂动脉闭塞行腹主动脉和单侧髂动脉支架置入1例3枚支架，髂动脉支架33例35条患肢38枚支架，髂动脉和股浅动脉同时支架置入6例6条息肢12枚支架，股浅动脉支架置入16例19条肢体23枚支架，股浅动脉和近端胭动脉病变同时支架置入5例6条患肢10枚支架，远端胭动脉支架2例2条患肢。结果65例随访2—50个月，平均16．1月，2例腹主动脉支架、1例腹主动脉与髂动脉支架同时置入全部通畅；髂动脉支架闭塞4例4条患肢，通畅率88．6％（31／35）；股浅动脉支架闭塞4例4条患肢，通畅率为78．9％（15／19）；股浅动脉与近端胭动脉支架闭塞1例，通畅率83．3％（5／6）；远端胭动脉支架2例全部闭塞；3例小腿动脉流出道主干动脉全部闭塞的支架术后平均5．6月仍然保持通畅。结论下肢动脉腔内支架置入可作为治疗主髂动脉病变的首选方法；对于股动脉和近段胭动脉病变也可根据情况适当选用，尤其是年老体弱，无法耐受动脉旁路移植手术的患者，也可以作为首选方法；对于膝下小动脉病变应慎重使用支架。     

Long-term Results of Primary Stent Placement to Treat Infrarenal Aortic Stenosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and the long-term results of primary stent placement for localized distal aortic occlusive disease. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 1998 to July 2005 17 patients (14 female and 3 men, mean age 57 years (39-80)) were treated for intermittent claudication. Five of these patients underwent additional endovascular treatment of focal iliac lesions. RESULTS: Technical success defined as residual stenosis of less than 50% or a trans-stenotic systolic pressure gradient <10% was achieved in 14 of 17 (82%) patients. Major complications included dissection at the puncture site in one patient and thrombosis of additional iliac stents in another patient. Both of these complications were successfully treated. During a mean follow-up of 27 months (range 1-86), four patients had recurrence of symptoms due to in-stent restenoses (n=2), femoral (n=1) or iliac occlusion (n=1), respectively. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, primary aortic hemodynamic patency was 83% at 3 years. Secondary aortic hemodynamic patency was 100%. The primary clinical patency was 68% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: Primary stent placement for distal aortic stenoses is an alternative to surgical treatment because of its high patency and relatively low complication rates.     

Endovascular management of iliac artery occlusions: extending treatment to TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus class C and D patients

OBJECTIVE: The preferential use of endovascular techniques to treat complex aortoiliac disease has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes and durability of recanalization, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and stenting for iliac occlusions based on the patient's TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) stratification. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2004, more than 628 patients with a clinical diagnosis of aortoiliac atherosclerotic disease underwent arteriography. The endovascular treatment of 89 consecutive patients (mean age, 66 years; 58% male) with symptomatic iliac occlusions (TASC-B, -C, and -D) was the basis for this study. Original angiographic imaging was evaluated for lesion grade and runoff. Electronic and hard copy medical records were reviewed for demographic data, clinical variables, and noninvasive vascular laboratory testing. Kaplan-Meier estimators were used to determine patency rates according to Society for Vascular Surgery criteria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. P values of <.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Recanalization and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty/stenting (total, 178 stents) of occluded iliac arteries was technically successful in 84 (91%) of 92 procedures. Patients in the TASC-C and -D groups often required multiple access sites (50%) and femoral artery endarterectomy/patch angioplasty for diffuse disease (24%). The mean ankle-brachial index increased from 0.45 to 0.83. Distal embolization led to major amputation and eventual death in one patient. Two other deaths occurred in the perioperative period secondary to cardiorespiratory causes. Three-year primary patency, secondary patency, and limb salvage rates were 76%, 90%, and 97%, respectively, and progression of infrainguinal disease led to late limb loss in two patients. Diabetes as a risk factor was significantly associated with decreased primary patency (57% vs 83%; P = .049). Critical ischemia at presentation was associated with decreased patency rates as well (P = .002), but TASC classification did not significantly alter patency rates. CONCLUSIONS: Complex long-segment and bilateral iliac occlusions can be safely treated via endovascular means with high rates of symptom resolution. Initial technical success, low morbidity, and mid-term durability are comparable to results with open reconstruction. A liberal posture to open femoral artery reconstruction extends the ability to treat diffuse TASC-C and -D lesions via endovascular means.     

髂静脉受压综合征并下肢深静脉血栓形成的综合性腔内治疗

目的：探讨综合性腔内治疗髂静脉受压综合征合并下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床效果。 方法：选取2004年10月—2012年10月,315例髂静脉压迫综合征合并急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,左侧277例,右侧38例。均行局麻下患侧股静脉穿刺,并在导丝引导下,采用12~14 F鞘管机械性血栓抽吸或配合Fogarty球囊取栓,对髂静脉狭窄或闭塞病变行血管成形术或支架植入,术后根据血栓清除情况,行抗凝或置管溶栓治疗。 结果：患肢肿胀、疼痛均于术后1~2 d内开始消退或减轻。血栓清除III级（清除率>95%）80.32%、II级（清除率50%~95%）18.09%、I级（清除率<50%）1.59%。支架植入后,治愈86.03%、显效10.79%、好转2.54%、无效0.64%。出院时健、患肢膝上、下15 cm处周径差均小于入院时（均P<0.05）。随访通畅率分别为3~6个月95.87%,7~12个月95.53%,13~24个月94.25%,25~36个月92.33%。 结论：综合性腔内治疗髂静脉受压综合征合并下肢深静脉血栓形成,疗效显著、恢复时间短,是安全有效的方法。     

下肢深静脉血栓形成导管溶栓术后髂静脉病变支架治疗的前瞻性对照性研究

目的观察下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)导管接触性溶栓(CDT)术后髂静脉支架治疗髂静脉病变的疗效。方法本研究为单中心前瞻性随机对照研究。155例下肢DVT患者经CDT治疗后,髂静脉远端主干静脉完全通畅,髂静脉残留狭窄大于50%者中的74例患者随机分为对照组和实验组:实验组45例行髂静脉支架置入,对照组29例髂静脉未置入支架。观察指标:深静脉通畅率,CEAP分类法中临床分级(C)变化,静脉临床严重程度计分(VCSS)变化及生活质量调查表(CIVIQ)评分。结果术后患者均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月。行静脉造影或彩超检查,实验组40例,对照组27例,实验组与对照组的终点通畅率比较差异有统计学意义[87.5%(35/40)vs29.6%(8/27),P<0.05];实验组与对照组的1年累积通畅率比较差异有显著统计学意义(86.0%vs54.8%,P<0.01)。实验组及对照组的CEAP分类法中临床分级(C)术前术后差值比较差异有统计学意义(1.61±0.21vs0.69±0.23,P<0.01)。随访终点实验组及对照组VCSS术后两组差值比较差异有统计学意义(7.57±0.27vs6.56±0.23,P<0.01)。实验组及对照组CIVIQ调查表终点评分比较差异均有统计学意义(22.67±3.01vs39.34±6.66,P<0.01)。结论髂静脉支架对下肢DVT导管溶栓术后治疗髂静脉病变能够提高深静脉的通畅率,提高疗效,提高生活质量。     

血管腔内治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的 探讨下肢深静脉血栓的介入联合手术的血管腔内治疗方法.方法 76例下肢深静脉血栓形成的患者,在数字减影血管造影术(digtal subtraction angiography,DSA)监视下行下腔静脉滤器置入,采用手术取栓,辅以临时性股动静脉瘘,取栓后即刻造影观察有无血栓残留及髂静脉病变情况.残留血栓在DSA监视下用双腔取栓管取栓或大的鞘管吸栓.对髂静脉狭窄大于60%的患者予以血管成形术,其中62例置入髂静脉支架.结果 支架置入技术成功率100%,1例死于腰升静脉破裂出血.71例患者得到随访,其中髂静脉支架患者60例,随访3～30个月,平均随访21个月.65例下肢肿胀明显缓解,发现血栓复发6例(8.45%,6/71)其中支架内血栓形成4例(6.66%,4/60),支架移位6例(10.0%,6/60),支架断裂1例(1.66%,1/60).结论 在DSA监视下,取栓联合髂静脉支架置入可提高取栓后静脉通畅率,是治疗下肢深静脉血栓的重要方法.     

血管腔内介入治疗Cockett综合征

目的 探讨血管腔内介入治疗在Cockett综合征中的临床应用价值.方法 1995-2004年对180例Cockett综合征患者进行血管腔内介入治疗,无血栓形成组（A组）100例,91例建立静脉通道,其中3例行单纯球囊扩张术（PTA）,88例行内置支架术（PTA＋stenting）;血栓形成组（B组）80例,70例建立静脉通道,其中55例行单纯PTA,15例行内置支架术.结果 本组无手术死亡,无肺动脉栓塞发生,A组3例,B组3例支架内血栓形成,B组4例血栓复发.随访A组74例（随访率74%）,B组56例（随访率70%）,随访时间为2个月至8年,平均37个月.A组64例中2例支架内血栓形成,8例髂静脉闭塞;B组31例中10例发生血栓综合征,3例支架内血栓形成,5例血栓复发,7例髂静脉闭塞.结论 血管腔内介入治疗Cockett综合征安全、有效,近、中期效果良好.     

髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变的介入治疗技术及体会

目的探讨应用内膜下血管成形术(SIA)联合经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)介入治疗髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变的技术方法和疗效。方法对15例伴有严重缺血症状的髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变患者,采用顺行途径穿刺,经左肱动脉穿刺3例,经对侧股动脉穿刺12例。通过SIA对闭塞段动脉进行再通,应用球囊扩张成形并植入支架(裸支架18枚,覆膜支架4枚)。结果内膜下血管成形术技术成功率100%,支架植入后髂动脉闭塞段管腔形态良好,血流通畅,无严重并发症出现,临床症状消失或明显改善。患肢踝肱指数由术前的0.41±0.12增至术后7天的0.81±0.13(t=8.76,P0.0001)。近中期随访2例发生再狭窄,经PTA解除,术后12个月支架一期通畅率为85.71%(12/14)。结论 SIA联合支架植入术治疗髂动脉硬化闭塞性病变安全、有效,近、中期疗效良好。