边海防军人应对方式的调查研究

目的探讨边海防军人应对方式对心理健康的影响及与人格的相互作用方式和途径。方法采用简易应对方式量表评定应对方式,症状自评量表测定心理健康水平,并与中国军人常模进行比较。艾森克个性问卷评定人格特征。进行边海防军人人格特征、应对方式与心理健康的关系分析,症状自评量表总均分与个人人格特征、应对方式各因子的逐步回归分析。结果 (1)边海防军人强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性各因子分及总均分高于中国军人常模,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。(2)神经质、精神质与症状自评量表各因子分及总均分呈不同程度的显著性正相关(0.509相似文献   

某驻军医院医护人员人格特征、应对方式与心理健康的关系

目的按讨驻军医院医护人员人格特性、应对方式与心理健康的关系。方法于2006年8~9月以某驻军医院为观察团体,用随机抽样的方法抽取医务人员107名作为调查对象。被试者均自愿参加,采用艾森克个性问卷评定人格特征、简易应对方式量表评定应对方式、症状自评量表测定心理健康水平。艾森克个性问卷共88个条目,选取量表反映的内外向、神经质、精神质3个维度对人格特征加以分析。症状自评量表由90个问题组成,根据总均分及各因子分的高低来评估心理健康水平。简易应对方式量表由20个条目组成,主要进行义务人员人格特征、应对方式与心理健康的关系分析。症状自评量表总均分与个人人格特征、应对方式各因子的逐步回归分析,加入交互作用变量的分层逐步回归分析。结果共发放问卷107份,其中7份问卷漏填选项,视为不完整问卷,合格问卷100份,有效率93.5%。(1)神经质、精神质与症状自评各因子分及总均分成显著性正相关,内外向与症状自评量表强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等因子分及总均分呈显著性负相关;(2)消极应对与症状自评量表各因子分及总均分呈显著性正相关;(3)多元逐步回归分析显示,影响心理健康的因素主要为神经质、积极应对、消极应对、神经质与消极应对的交互作用,标准回归系数分别是0.046、-0.167、-0.167、0.879。结论某驻军医院医务人员的人格特征与应对方式对其心理健康状况有显著的影响。     

空军某部机务人员心理健康状况与相关因素分析

目的研究机务人员的心理卫生状况及相关因素,为开展心理咨询和治疗提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),对某部216名机务人员进行测试,与中国常模、军人常模进行比较,并按年龄、学历和独生子女分组,进行组间比较。结果(1)空军机务人员人际关系敏感因子分显著低于中国常模,精神病性高于中国常模外(P<0.05),其余各因子分和总均分低于常模无显著差异(P>0.05);空军机务人员各因子分和总均分均非常显著地低于军人常模(P<0.01)。(2)空军机务人员心理卫生水平的变化,表现出明显的年龄、学历、是否独生子女等差异。除30岁以上组躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性因子分显著低于29岁以下组外(P<0.05),其余SCL-90各因子分、总均分均未发现有显著差异(P>0.05);学历组间比较SCL-90各因子分除敌对性、偏执因子分有差异外(P<0.05),其余SCL-90各因子分、总均分均未发现有显著差异(P>0.05);独生子女的SCL-90中除敌对性因子无显著性差异外,其余SCL-90各因子分和总均分明显高于非独生子女(P<0.01)。结论空军机务人员心理卫生水平总体较好;空军机务人员产生心理问题的主要原因可能是工作强度大、竞争激烈、家庭负担重等。     

287名艇员心理健康状况调查分析

目的了解艇员的心理健康状况。方法应用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及心理健康相关问卷对287名艇员进行心理健康状况调查。结果除阳性项目数和躯体化因子外，SCL-90总分及其余8项因子分均明显低于中国军人常模及中国正常人常模；SAS、SDS评分显著低于国内常模；艇员中疾病组与健康组（根据体检结论区分）SCL-90总分、阳性项目数及其余9项指标存在明显差异。结论艇员心理健康状况良好。     

汶川地震后送伤员心理状况分析

目的 调查分析汶川地震后送伤员的心理状况.方法 地震后1个月时,使用创伤后应激障碍检杏量表平时版(PCL-C)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、Zung氏焦虑/抑郁自评最表(SAS/SDS)和简易应对方式问卷,由心理学专业人员对地震灾区后送到新桥医院的部分伤员进行调查.结果 (1)与全国常模相比,SCL-90的躯体化和焦虑因子得分增高(t=3.733,P<0.01;t=2.368,P<0.05),偏执因子得分显著降低(t=-3.584,P<0.01);任何一个因子得分≥3的比例为20.7%;(2)中度及以上焦虑或抑郁的比例为21.7%和26.0%;(3)PCL-C总分与SCL-90总均分、SAS得分呈正相关(r=0.642,P<0.01;r=0.506,P<0.05),而与SCL-90的阴件项目数呈负相关(r=-0.681,P<0.01);(4)多元线性回归分析显示,SAS得分和积极应对分能联合预测36.6%PCL-C总分的变异.结论 地震后1个月时,后送伤员中有20%以上的伤员出现了中度以上的心理问题,需要进行早期心理干预促进伤员身心康复.     

潜艇人员人际关系敏感与MMPI因子分的相关性研究

目的　研究潜艇人员中人际关系障碍者的个性特点。方法　对 111名潜艇人员用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )中人际关系敏感分量表和明尼苏达多相个性测量表 (MMPI)测量 ,并以人际关系敏感分量表的因子分为依据分为 3个组 ,即≥ 3分组、<3分且≥ 2分组和 <2分组 ,比较这 3个组之间MMPI各因子的均分。结果　方差分析提示 MMPI量表的 Hs、Pa和 Sc在 3个组间的差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　影响潜艇人员人际关系的个性因素可能与 Hs、Pa和 Sc偏高有关。     

老年心血管疾病患者心理护理效果观察

目的　探讨心理护理对心血管患者的康复价值。方法　将 15 2例患者随机分为观察组与对照组 ,每组 76例 ,两组均采用常规治疗与护理 ,观察组同时实施心理护理。两组在入、出院时采用抑郁自评量表 (SDS) ,焦虑自评量表 (SAS)及A型性格问卷进行测评。结果　两组出院时SDS ,SAS均分比较 ,观察组明显优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;两组A型性格均分虽均有降低但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;平均住院日观察组比对照组明显缩短 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　心理护理有利于心血管病患者早日康复     

某军校厌学大学生心理健康状况与应对方式研究

目的:观察某军校厌学大学生的心理健康状况与应对方式特点。方法:选择因厌学接受正规心理治疗的某军校大学生20例为观察组,随机抽取学习正常的同校学生68例为对照组(另分为非常好学组32例及一般好学组36例),采用症状自评量表和应对方式问卷收集资料并进行分析。结果:观察组症状自评量表总分为(167.90±74.35)分,显著高于非常好学组的(112.29±33.51)分及一般好学组的(126.52±35.74)分(P<0.05);观察组与对照组在解决问题、自责和求助等3个因子分值比较,显著差异或非常显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:军校厌学大学生心理健康状况较差,需要及时进行有效干预。     

海上训练人员心理应激状态与个性特征的相关研究

目的：研究海上训练人员的心理应激状态与个性特征及相关性。方法：以海军某部训练的126名军人为训练组，平时状态的军人136名为对照组，采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性测量问卷(EPQ)进行调查。结果：训练组中轻度的不良反应为人际敏感、强迫、敌对、躯体化、偏执等；较明显的心理健康问题为偏执、强迫、敌对、抑郁、人际敏感等。训练组躯体化、恐怖、阳性项目数、精神病性、敌对明显高于对照组，且EPQ精神质(P)分、神经质(N)分明显高于对照组。以EPQ各维度为自变量，以SCL-90总均分和各因子分为因变量，进行多元逐步回归分析，P进入SCL～90总均分及除敌对因子外的各因子方程；N进人SCL-90总均分及除躯体化、恐怖因子外的各因子方程；E进人人际敏感、抑郁方程。结论：训练人员心理卫生水平呈下降趋势，神经质、精神质个性特征易促发负性情绪，这些特征容易使个体在认知、情感、行为、适应等方面产生较多的心理健康问题。     

边防海岛官兵心理健康状况及系统心理干预对其的影响

目的了解边防海岛官兵心理健康状况,探讨通过系统心理干预对提高边防海岛官兵心理健康水平的意义。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对边防海岛官兵进行心理测试,以此作为心理健康指标,与军队常模比较;以心理教育、心理训练、心理咨询等方法对边防海岛官兵进行系统的心理干预,并分别做干预前后实验组与对照组的组间、组内比较。结果干预前边防海岛官兵SCL-90除人际关系和抑郁因子外其余各因子分均显著高于军人常模(P<0.01);干预后,实验组官兵SCL-90总分、阳性项目数及各因子分明显低于对照组(P<0.01),阳性项目均分无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论边防海岛官兵心理健康状况较差,系统心理干预对提高边防海岛官兵的心理健康水平有显著作用。     

Psychological structure of personality and motivation in blood donors]

The study comprised 500 persons who donated blood for five and more times. The psychic personality structure was studied by EMOTIONS PROFILE INDEX tests with the forced-choice personality index (4) by Henry Kellerman and Robert Plutchnik. Blood donor motivation was examined by the standardized questionnaires which was interpreted by the so-called keys of desirable responses, separately for every potentially primary motive (altruism; habits; superiority complex; inferiority complex; selfpunishment; benefit; indefinite motive). The aim of the study was to assess whether the psychic structure of a personality has effects on blood donor motivation. The study has shown that: a) the psychic personality structure in repeated blood donors has effects on their blood donor motivation; b) altruism is the most common motive for blood donation in persons with the emotionally stable structures of personality and in persons with neurotic potentials; c) among persons with different psychic personality structure there are differences in the percentage of some of primary motives for blood donation. The altruism is the most common motive for blood donation found in 85% of repeated blood donors. All other motives together are found in 8% of cases while in 7% of the examines it was not possible to confirm the primary motive for blood donation.     

动态血压监测老年高血压患者降压疗效的临床价值

目的 探讨24 h动态血压监测对检查诊所血压显示降压有效的老年高血压患者的临床价值.方法 选取服用口服降压药物1个月以上,并按诊所血压检查标准降压有效的老年高血压患者组86例,血压正常的健康老年人80例作为对照组,对比分析两组动态血压监测的各项监测指标.结果 与对照组比较,老年高血压组24 h、日间、夜间平均收缩压及24 h平均脉压均明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 对诊所血压检查正常的老年高血压患者还应进一步行动态血压监测,动态血压监测可作为观察老年降压疗效以及是否平稳降压的重要依据.     

大强度训练后某部士兵训练倦怠与体质指数、血糖、血脂的关系研究

目的 探讨某部士兵训练倦怠与体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)及血脂之间的关系.方法 对急进高原前强化行为应激训练(简称"大强度训练")某部140名士兵,采用问卷调查与试验相结合的方法进行研究,问卷为士兵训练倦怠自评问卷,以BMI、FPG、血脂为观察指标,采用线性回归分析评价各指标与训练倦怠的关系.结果 大强度训练后,士兵训练倦怠总分及训练疏离得分显著高于大强度训练前(P<0.01),士兵FPG、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)、BMI测量值显著低于大强度训练前(P<0.05);体质量超重士兵训练倦怠总分及训练疏离得分显著高于体质量正常士兵(P<0.05);FPG水平较高士兵训练倦怠总分及身心耗竭、训练疏离得分显著高于FPG水平较低士兵(P<0.01);胆固醇水平较高士兵训练倦怠总分及身心耗竭、训练疏离得分显著高于胆固醇水平较低士兵(P<0.01).回归分析显示,大强度训练前后身心耗竭、训练疏离与BMI、FPG、TC、TG存在线性关系(P<0.05).结论 大强度训练前后士兵身心耗竭与BMI、FPG、TC具有密切关系,而训练疏离与大强度训练前后BMI、TC、TG存在密切关联.     

汶川地震后1.5年空降兵救援部队创伤后应激障碍状况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨汶川地震后1.5年空降兵救援部队的创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)的发生率及其影响因素.方法 在地震后1.5年时,使用自编的一般情况调查表、创伤后应激障碍量表平民版(PCL-C)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、艾克森人格问卷(EPQ)对空降兵某部参加抗震救灾的183名官兵进行调查.结果空降兵救援部队的PCL-C总分≥38分6例,PTSD发生率为3.28%;PCL-C总分与SCL-90总分、神经质得分、SDS总分呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与内外向得分呈显著负相关.救援人员中受伤组与未受伤组、家庭损失组与未损失组、接触尸体组与未接触尸体组的PCL-C总分差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).回归分析显示军龄、神经质、家庭受损、救灾中受伤、接触死难者尸体为PTSD发生的影响因素.结论地震后1.5年时,空降兵救援部队PTSD的发生率高于军队的平时水平(0.49%),地震后期空降兵救援部队的PTSD值得继续关注.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate and the related risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) in the rescue paratroopers 1.5 year after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods A total of 183 rescue paratroopers who participated in disaster rescue after Wenchuan earthquake were investigated with the questionnaires composed by General state of health questionnaire, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version ( PCL-C), Symptom Checklist-90 ( SCL-90), Self-Rating Depression Scale ( SDS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Results Six rescue paratroopers had total PCL-C score ≥ 38 points, with the prevalence rate of PTSD for 3.28%. Total PCL-C score was positively correlated with total SCL-90 score, N score of EPQ and total SDS score (P ＜ 0. 01), but negatively correlated with E score of EPQ. Total PCL-C score showed statistical difference between injury group and uninjury group, family loss group and family integrity group, contacting corpses group and none contacting corpses group (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01). Regression analysis showed the length of military service, nervousness, family loss by earthquake, suffering injuries or contacting corpses during relief operations were the risk factors for PTSD. Conclusion The prevalence rate of PTSD in the rescue paratroopers is higher than that in normal troops (0.49% ) 1.5 year after Wenchuan earthquake, indicating that further attention should be paid to the rescue paratroopers in later period after earthquake.     

乌鲁木齐市无偿献血人群分布及献血动机调查分析

目的探讨乌鲁木齐市无偿献血者的人群分布及献血动机,为今后的无偿献血工作提供实践依据和宣传策略。方法采用问卷调查法,对乌鲁木齐市2 000名无偿献血者进行问卷调查,将调查结果进行统计学分析。结果学生、服务人员、私营业主、城镇户籍及常住本市的外来人口是乌鲁木齐市无偿献血的主力军;"奉献爱心"是公民献血的主要原因(87.2%),不同文化程度、不同职业的无偿献血人群献血动机有明显差异(χ2文化程度=59.780,P<0.05;χ2职业=102.339,P<0.05);"街头宣传"、"周围环境影响"、"大众媒体宣传"是献血人群了解献血知识的主要渠道。结论加强不同形式的宣传力度,挖掘不同人群的血源潜力,建立一支固定的无偿献血队伍。     

Stress management and factors related to the deployment of Italian peacekeepers in Afghanistan

This cross-sectional study evaluated the stress levels in Italian military personnel involved in a peacekeeping (PK) mission in Afghanistan and a homogeneous group stationed in Italy (SI group). The study was performed from April 2004 to June 2004 in a sample of 160 long-time, career volunteers of the Rossi Barracks of the Alpini di L'Aquila (Italy) (SI group, n=120; PK group, n=40). A 10-item, self-evaluation questionnaire proposed in the U.N. Stress Management Booklet was administered to each volunteer. The total item score (TIS) values for the 10 items for the two groups were calculated. These values were greater for the PK group than for the SI group for all 10 items. The TIS values were grouped into three classes of symptoms, anxiety symptoms (items 1-4), stress-induced depression (items 5-7), and posttraumatic stress (items 8-10). The class total item score (CTIS) values were then calculated as the sum of the respective TIS values. The three CTIS values for the PK group were greater than those for the SI group. In particular, the anxiety CTIS was 72 points greater in the PK group (p < 0.001). Therefore, the peacekeepers were inclined to have a greater increase in anxiety symptoms. Consequently, antipanic techniques could be used to reduce anxiety and progressive muscular relaxation training, an important preventive relaxation technique, to face stressors and to reduce clinical anxiety.     

抑郁意象特征因子结构探索

 目的 探索抑郁意象特征问卷的因子结构及有效性,为抑郁情绪判定和测量提供依据。方法 通过文献分析、专家小组讨论确定抑郁意象特征因子56项并编制初测问卷施测于109名被试,对初测数据进行项目分析和探索性因素分析,确定22个抑郁意象特征的正式施测问卷,并施测于另一组109名被试,对数据进行因子选取及主成分分析,而后进行方差最大正交旋转法进行因子旋转,获得主成分数目特征值>1的为因子数目,进行KMO和Bartlett球形度检验分析。结果 在探索性因素分析中,抽取12个项目中特征值>1的因子4个:情绪低落、乐感降低、精力减退和能力下降,共解释总方差的55.18％。验证性因子分析结果为:近似误差均方根(RMSEA)为0.057、χ²值与自由度之比(χ²/df) 为2.134、拟合优度指数(GFI)为0.935、比较拟合指数(CFI)为0.912、不规范拟合指数(NNFI)为0.896。结论 由12个抑郁意象特征问卷构建的四因子结构,数据对模型拟合较好,验证抑郁意象特征四因子模型是合理的,可以作为抑郁情绪判定和测量的依据     

血清ALT活性参考区间再评价

目的　血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT EC 2 6 ,1 2 )活性是评价肝细胞损伤的一个重要指标。本研究探讨分析ALT活性参考区间的再评价。方法　选择HBsAg ,Anti HCV标志物均为阴性的 2 84 9名健康人和献血员作为研究对象。采用连续监测技术对全部 2 84 9名研究对象进行了血清ALT活性测定 ,又在其中随机选取 6 85名进行了赖氏法测定ALT活性。结果　血清ALT的测定值在各年龄组无显著性差异 ;男性明显高于女性 ,具有明显的统计学差异 (连续监测法 :P <0 .0 0 1;赖氏法 :P <0 .0 5或P <0 .2 0 )。 2 84 9名ALT连续监测法测定值的第百分之 95位点为 5 3.4 9U/L ,第百分之 99位点为 6 6 .5 9U/L ;随机选取的 6 85名ALT赖氏法测定值第百分之 95位点为 2 4 96单位 ,第百分之 99位点为38 89单位。结论　参照赖氏法参考区间 ,ALT连续监测法参考区间上限应该为 5 3 4 9U/L。     

Quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow in patients with unilateral carotid artery occlusion: a PET and MR study.

Although it has been demonstrated that quantitative measures of cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be obtained with the singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm, the extent to which quantitative CBF measurements can be utilized under pathophysiological conditions has not been systematically studied. A total of five healthy volunteers and five patients with unilateral carotid artery occlusion were studied. Only magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired for the volunteer group while both MR and positron emission tomography (PET) images were acquired for the patient group. Assessments of CBF from normal volunteers compared favorably with values reported in the literature. However, while a linear relationship was observed for each patient when MR measured CBF was compared to that obtained from PET, this linear relationship diminished when all patients were analyzed as a group (r = 0.41). A correction factor (CF) was proposed that was equal to the ratio of the area of the venous output function (VOF) in each patient to the mean VOF obtained from the volunteer group. After globally scaling the CBF of each patient based on the experimentally derived CF, a substantial improvement was observed (a slope of 1.02 and r = 0.8 for the linear regression line) in the relationship between MR estimated CBF and those obtained from PET.     

The impact of type 2 diabetes on numeric pain score reduction following cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections

Objective

This study aimed to determine whether the presence of type 2 diabetes impairs the therapeutic response to transforaminal cervical epidural steroid injections (TF-CESI) in the treatment of pain due to cervical radiculopathy.

Design

This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with cervical radiculopathy who underwent TF-CESI performed by a single physician.

Setting

Single community-based multidisciplinary pain clinic and ambulatory surgery center.

Interventions

Patients underwent from one to three TF‐CESI with dexamethasone or triamcinolone.

Main outcome measures

Change in self-reported numerical pain score.

Results

Out of 387 charts reviewed, complete data were available for 329 subjects who underwent TF-CESI from February 2006 through January 2010. The injections consisted of either 40 mg triamcinolone or 15 mg dexamethasone. Of the 329 total subjects, 35 had type 2 diabetes and 294 did not. The diabetic group had a mean age of 58.1 years with standard deviation (SD) of 11.2, mean body mass index (BMI) of 33.1 (SD 7.1), mean pre-procedure pain score of 6.7 (SD 2.2) and mean reduction in pain score of 2.5 (SD 2.4). The non-diabetic group had a mean age of 52.8 (SD 12.4), mean BMI of 28.2 (SD 5.4), mean pre-procedure pain score of 6.7 (SD 1.8), and mean reduction in pain score of 2.4 (SD 2.2). A two-sample t test with equivalent variance showed no statistically significant difference in the mean reduction in pain score between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. The patients in the diabetic group were typically older and had higher BMIs.

Conclusions

The efficacy of TF-CESI for treating cervical radicular pain in this set of 329 patients was independent of the presence of type 2 diabetes.