火焰原子吸收光谱法测定葫芦蛾药材中微量元素的含量

目的:建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定葫芦蛾药材中7种微量元素的含量。方法:采用干法消解和以浓硝酸:高氯酸(4∶1)为消解剂的湿法消解两种方法处理葫芦蛾药材,利用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定葫芦蛾药材中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Ca、Mg、Na7种微量元素的含量。结果:实验结果表明干法消解测定值低于湿法消解的测定值。葫芦蛾药材中微量元素含量从高到低为MgCaZnFeCuNaMn。含量测定方法的回收率为99.44%~102.22%;RSD值为1.18%~2.25%。结论:该实验建立的测定方法简便、准确、稳定性好,其研究结果可为进一步开发利用葫芦蛾药材资源及质量控制提供参考。     

3种消解方法测定西北9种道地药材中微量元素含量比较

目的用3种不同消解方法,测定西北9种道地药材中微量元素Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Mg,Ca的含量,研究和比较3种方法对测定结果的影响。方法分别采用干法灰化、湿法消解、微波消解法对样品进行消解,再用火焰原子吸收法测定微量元素。结果通过实验发现,同一样品的预处理方法不同。测得结果有较大差别,微波消解效率最高,其次是干法灰化和湿法消解。结论样品的前处理方法最宜选择微波消解。该法能使样品分解完全,但工作条件较高;湿法消解和干法灰化消解效率较微波消解法低,但易于进行,对微量元素的测定有一定可靠性,实验条件有限时可选择。对大批量样品处理,干法灰化较湿法消解更适宜。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定乳汁中多种微量元素

目的建立微波消解-火焰原子吸收法检测人乳汁中多种微量元素的技术方法并对其条件进行优化。方法应用具有压力控制功能的Multiwave 3000型微波样品制备系统,对产妇乳汁中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁和锰元素进行微波消解,并采用火焰原子吸收法测定其元素的含量。探讨了混合酸体系和微波消解时间对微波消解乳汁结果的影响。结果在混合酸体系HNO3-H2O2中,当混酸比为3∶1、酸与样品体积比为4∶3、每步微波消解时间为4min的条件下,消解效果最佳。在此条件下进行了火焰原子吸收测定消解产物的方法学评价。所得精密度试验中各元素相对标准偏差为3.13%~4.98%,回收试验的平均回收率在96.17%~103.38%。各元素在线性范围内相关性良好(r>0.999 8)。结论微波消解结合火焰原子吸收法测定母乳中微量元素,具有快速、简便、经济、准确等特点,适合临床检测。     

洋甘菊中6种微量元素含量的测定

目的建立测定洋甘菊中6种微量元素含量的方法。方法采用先灰化、再用硝酸消解洋甘菊样品,应用火焰原子吸收法测定洋甘菊中的微量元素Ca、Zn、Fe、Mg、Mn、Na的含量。结果 Ca、Zn、Fe、Mg、Mn、Na的含量分别为2.016、0.032、0.684、2.380、0.044、1.235mg/g,各元素的回收率为98.83%～100.79%,RSD为0.46%～1.12%。结论火焰原子吸收法简单、快速、灵敏、准确,适用于洋甘菊中6种微量元素的测定。     

湿法消解结合电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定陈皮中微量元素的含量

目的用湿法消解结合电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定陈皮中微量元素的含量。方法使用HNO3-H2O2体系消解样品,在确定的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法检测条件下,对样品溶液中Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn的含量进行测定。结果方法RSD为1.6%~5.3%,回收率在93.6%~101.5%之间。结论采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定元素简便快捷,结合湿法消解测定陈皮中6种微量元素分析方法可靠。     

原子吸收光谱法测定丹参药材中铅、镉、铜、砷、汞的含量

目的:建立一种准确、快速的测定丹参中重金属含量的方法.方法:采用微波消解—石墨炉法处理丹参药材样品,分别用原子吸收光谱法测定铅、镉、铜、砷的含量,用冷原子吸收光谱法测定汞的含量.结果:各批次丹参药材的重金属含量均合格.结论:原子吸收光谱法准确、简便、快速,能用于丹参药材重金属的含量测定.     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定山药药材中的微量元素含量的研究

目的:探讨火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定不同产地山药药材微量元素的含量。方法:采用微波消解法进行样品的前处理,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别测定10批不同产地山药药材中的Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca、Fe的含量。结果:测定10批不同产地山药药材中的Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca、Fe的含量,其加样回收率在95.18%⁹7.44%之间。结论:10批不同产地山药药材中均富含对人体有益的Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca、Fe微量元素,除Fe元素含量有明显地域性差异外,其余4种元素含量无明显差异。     

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定南瓜花和丝瓜花中的微量元素

目的建立一种微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定花卉中的微量元素的实验方法。方法优化实验条件,包括消解试剂用量的选择、微波条件的选择等,利用微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定。结果以铜、铁、锌、锰4种元素测定为例,检出限为0．048-0．439mg／L,回收率为88．0％-108％。结论可用微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定花卉中的微量元素。该方法具有简单、快速和准确的特点。     

火焰原子吸收法测定不同产地冻干地黄中微量元素的含量

目的:建立不同产地10批冻干地黄中8种微量元素含量的测定方法。方法:用浓HNO_3-HClO_4(4∶1)消解样品,应用火焰原子吸收法测定不同产地冻干地黄中微量元素K、Mg、Ca、Na、Mn、Fe、Cu和Zn的含量。结果:回收率在95.4%~103.5%之间,样品RSD为2.0%~4.2%。结论:该方法简单、准确,结果令人满意。     

微波消解-基体改进剂GFAAS法测定食品中铬

目的建立微波消解一石墨炉原子吸收法测定食品中铬的分析方法。方法样品经微波消解，以磷酸铵溶液、硝酸＋抗坏血酸作混合基体改进剂。样品经稀释后利用仪器全自动进样系统，采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定食品中铬的含量。结果选定了最佳测量条件，该方法的灵敏度、精密度均能满足检测工作的需求。本法铬的含量0-15．0μg／L范围内呈线性关系，线性相关系数大于0．998，本法检出限为0．16μg／L。相对标准偏差为1．9％-2．6％，加标回收率为92．8％～103．8％。结论本法简便、快速、灵敏度和精密度高。适用于食品中铬含量的测定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.