动脉血管工作性能衡量指标的探讨

本文应用人体非线性压力—容积关系，对动脉血管工作性能的衡量指标进行了更全面的研究，根据动脉系统的弹性腔理论得出应用在体测量数据估算该指标的方法。并计算出充血性心力衰竭病人、高血压病人的血管工作性能指标和兔动脉粥样硬化引起的该指标变化。认为该指标有生理意义，是评价血管工作性能的有用参数。     

血管横向阻抗的一种确定方法

血管横向阻抗是血液动力学的重要参量之一，但人们对横向阻抗的研究却相当缺乏，相关的实验数据也很稀少。本文提出通过血管顺应性确定血管横向阻抗的方法，并给出狗颈动脉、股动脉和主动脉横向阻抗的数据，结果与Milnor等（1978）以及Busse等（1979）的结果相当吻合，表明本文提出的方法是一种简便可靠的确定横向阻抗的方法。     

MOTION QUALITY EVALUATION OF TARGET-REACHING MOVEMENT OF INDEX FINGER

1.IntroductionHUmanmotionqualitymeasureisofgreatsignificanceinbiomedicalengineeringsuchasthemovementdisorderandpathologydiagnosesandrehabilitationevaluation.Forthisreason,alargenumberofmotionqualitymetricshavebeendeveloped.However,thesequalitymeasuresaremosUydependentontheclinicians'experience(e.g.,subjectiveesthatesbyskilledhUmanraters)aboutthemovementtobeinvestigated.Earlyin1954,Fittsll]introducedamathematicalrelationshipbetweenspeed,accuracy,amplitudeofmovemellt,andtargatsizeforuppereXtr…     

肝血流动力学模型及其分流指数的测定

本文建立了肝血流动力学模型 ,通过回归分析 ,使得肝血流的拟合曲线与实际肝血流灌注的时间 -放射性曲线达到最佳近似 ,从而定量地计算出肝动脉与门静脉的分流指数 ,结果较好。     

Adrenergic reactions in microcirculatory bed of pia mater in rat brain

Differential characteristic of the reaction of pial arteries of various generations to intravenous administration of norepinephrine was obtained in experiments on rats under artificially stabilized systemic blood pressure. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 8, pp. 147–149, August, 2008     

缺血性脑血管病患者不同时辰脑血管充盈指标变化观察

本文按“子午流注”“纳子法”，观察缺血性脑血管病患者昼夜间不同时辰脑血管充盈指标变化，表明缺血性脑血管病患者脑血管充盈指标夜间诸多时辰均较白昼有所降低或显著降低，并且是以寅丑时的降低更为显著。本文所显示最低时辰变化，与缺血性脑血管病的高发时间相一致。以证明脑血管充盈指标降低是形成缺血性脑血管病的一个重要原因，同时也为缺血性脑血管病的预防、时间治疗学提供了一定的客观依据。     

Increased ambulatory arterial stiffness index and blood pressure load in normotensive obese patients

ObjectivesIt has been shown that blood pressure (BP) values measured in obese subjects are higher than the individuals with normal weight, even in normotensive limits. However, data concerning the Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index (AASI) and blood pressure load in normotensive obese subjects is lacking. This study was aimed to compare the ambulatory arterial stiffness index and blood pressure load in normotensive obese and healthy controls.MethodsOne hundred normotensive obese and one hundred normal weight subjects were included in this study. All subjects underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index was calculated from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring records. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index was defined as one minus the regression slope of unedited 24-h diastolic on systolic blood pressures. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) load values were calculated from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring analysis.ResultsAmbulatory arterial stiffness index of the obese subjects was significantly higher than the healthy controls (0.48±0.2 vs. 0.33±0.11, p<0.001). 24-hours systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure loads were significantly higher in obese subjects. Logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) was an independent predictor for an abnormal ambulatory arterial stiffness ındex (≥0.50) (OR: 1.137, 95% CI: 0.915-1.001, p=0.004).ConclusionBlood pressure load and ambulatory arterial stiffness index are increased in normotensive obese patients. Moreover, body mass index is an independent predictor for an abnormal ambulatory arterial stiffness index. Our results indicate that obese subjects are at higher risk for future cardiovascular events despite normal office BP levels.     

手掌部动脉的构筑

本文在手术显微镜下,观察和测量了50侧成人手掌部的动脉。手掌部的动脉,以掌浅层动脉、掌深层动脉和手背动脉形成3个主要血管层次。各层次间的吻合有:1.边缘吻合:位于手掌桡侧和尺侧缘,有浅,深2组。2.中央吻合,包括掌侧浅、深层间的直接交通支和间接交通支;掌侧和背侧间的近侧穿支、掌骨间隙穿支和远侧穿支。掌深弓及分支住手掌动脉构筑中居中间联系位置,对手掌部侧副循环的调节有重要作用。根据Poiscuille定律的流量公式,结合手掌动脉的形态特点推论,手掌部动脉的血液灌流,浅层以尺动脉为主,深层以桡动脉为主;边缘吻合的血液是从掌侧流向背侧;中央吻合的血流主要来自掌深弓及其分支。手掌部动咏的配布存在优势区域。深弓区优于浅弓区和手背动脉网区;中央吻合优于边缘吻合;边缘深层吻合优于浅层吻合。本文还讨论了指动脉的配布。     

Menorrhagia and uterine artery blood flow.

Menorrhagia is a significant problem in women of reproductive age. In half of the cases no specific aetiology is known. Vascular factors play a role but remain poorly understood. We chose to study whether any association exists between the flow impedance of uterine arteries and the amount of menstrual blood loss. The study population consisted of 60 spontaneously menstruating 35- to 49-year-old women without endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, or submucous fibroids. The pulsatility index (PI) from uterine arteries, arcuate arteries, and radial arteries was measured by transvaginal colour Doppler. Menstrual blood loss was measured by the alkaline haematin method. A significant inverse correlation was found between uterine artery PI and the amount of menstrual blood loss, suggesting that women with lower uterine flow impedance bleed more. A regression model confirmed that this association was specific and not explained by uterine size, fibroids or any other of the 11 potential confounders included in the model. The correlation between uterine artery PI and amount of menstrual blood loss suggests that vascular factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of menorrhagia.     

Usefulness of Ankle-Brachial Index Calculated Using Diastolic Blood Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure in Predicting Overall and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

No study has investigated the predictive ability of ankle-brachial index (ABI) calculated using diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (ABIdbp) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (ABImap) for overall and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Our study was aimed to investigate the issue. Two hundred and seven routine HD patients were enrolled. ABI values were measured by ABI-form device. During the follow-up period (122 months), 124 of the 207 patients (59.0%) died, and 59 deaths due to CV cause. Multivariate analysis showed that low ABIsbp, ABIdbp, and ABImap were all significantly associated with increased overall (p ≤ 0.015) and CV mortality (p ≤ 0.015) in whole study patients. A subgroup analysis after excluding 37 patients with ABIsbp < 0.9 or > 1.3 found ABIsbp and ABIsbp < 0.9 were not associated with overall and CV mortality. However, ABImap and ABIdbp < 0.87 were significantly associated with overall mortality (p ≤ 0.042). Furthermore, ABIdbp and ABIdbp < 0.87 were significantly associated with CV mortality (p ≤ 0.030). In conclusion, ABIsbp, ABIdbp, and ABImap were all useful in predicting overall and CV mortality in our HD patients. In the subgroup patients with normal ABIsbp, ABIsbp and ABIsbp < 0.9 were not useful to predict overall and CV mortality. Nevertheless, ABImap and ABIdbp < 0.87 could still predict overall mortality, and ABIdbp and ABIdbp < 0.87 could predict CV mortality. Hence, calculating ABI using DBP and MAP may provide benefit in survival prediction in HD patients, especially in the patients with normal ABIsbp.     

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in human serum. Association with high blood cholesterol and heart hypertrophy

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) belongs to the EGF family of growth factors which are ligands of the ErbB receptors. Studies in animals suggest the role of HB-EGF in several pathogenic processes such as atherosclerosis and heart hypertrophy. Here, we set up an assay to measure HB-EGF in human serum. Our ELISA determined serum HB-EGF in the range of 0.03–3 nM. It did not cross-react with EGF or with transforming growth factor-α. The mean serum HB-EGF was 0.26 nM (confidence interval: 0.13–0.39) in women and 0.28 nM (confidence interval: 0.09–0.47) in men. In a cohort of 121 healthy volunteers, we identified nine individuals with high serum HB-EGF (above 0.47 nM). These individuals had higher left ventricle mass (determined by Colour Doppler echocardiography) and greater total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol than control. On the basis of our results, we propose that increased serum HB-EGF is associated with heart hypertrophy and elevated blood cholesterol.     

THE ORIENTING RESPONSE AS AN INDEX OF MASS COMMUNICATION EFFECT

A study is described of the contribution of the electrodermal response to the measurement of broadcast communication effect. A 2 × 2 mixed between-within groups design was employed. The within groups variable was radio commercial content, while the between groups variable was production style. Electrodermal measurements included average log conductance change, number of responses, and recovery half time. Comparison measures included retention test, interestingness scales, and semantic differentials. Only average log conductance change significantly discriminated stimuli on both between and within groups variables. An explanatory model incorporating Sokolov's notion of the neuronal model and the Deutsch and Deutsch model for attention is offered.     

体质指数对超重与肥胖青少年血压的影响

目的探讨体质指数对超重与肥胖青少年高血压的影响。方法测量郴州市6所学校部分12～15岁青少年体重、身高、血压。结果 2566名在校学生血压偏高率为20.7%,其中血压偏高在非超重组、超重组和肥胖组检出率分别为19.15%、34.55%和39.29%,非超重组、超重组和肥胖组儿童血压偏高检出率组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论青少年血压偏高检出率随体质指数增加而明显增高。     

吸烟对动态血压及动脉硬化指数影响的相关性分析

目的 分析吸烟对动态血压及动脉硬化指数影响的相关性。方法 选取四会万隆医院心内科2018年1月~12月收治的120例高血压患者设为观察组,另选同期120例健康体检者为对照组,分别比较观察组与对照组、观察组内吸烟患者与不吸烟患者动态血压（24h平均收缩压、24h平均舒张压）、动脉硬化指数,并使用Pearson相关性分析法对其相关性进行检验。结果 观察组24h平均收缩压（134.65±2.10）mmHg、24h平均舒张压（86.20±2.45）mmHg、动脉硬化指数（0.67±0.05）,分别高于对照组的（117.45±2.35）mmHg、（75.25±2.70）mmHg、（0.52±0.03）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组吸烟患者24h平均收缩压（137.21±2.40）mmHg、24h平均舒张压（90.20±2.35）mmHg、动脉硬化指数（0.75±0.05）,高于不吸烟患者的（132.48±2.32）mmHg、（82.49±2.41）mmHg、（0.61±0.08）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Pearson相关性分析结果提示,吸烟与动态血压及动脉硬化指数呈正相关性（r=0.68、0.85,P＜0.05）。结论 吸烟与动态血压及动脉性硬化指数之间存在着密切的关联性,戒烟有助于遏制高血压及动脉粥样硬化的进一步恶化。     

Short Report: Trend in menarcheal age in Spain: rural and urban comparison during a recent period

Menarcheal age of a sample of rural (n = 342) and urban (n = 469) girls with ages ranging from 9 to 16 years from Madrid province was analysed. Results, obtained through the status quo method and probit analysis (age 12.79 SD 1.04 in Madrid city and 12.90 SD 1.03 in rural sample), were compared with data from previous studies carried out in the same area, as well as those from other regions of the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of these comparisons was to establish the variability of menarche in the recent past, considering physical environment, degree of urbanization and socio-economic development. Decline in menarcheal age was detected and, in general, a tendency towards similar means among Spanish populations in the period studied.     

Profiles of body mass index and blood pressure among young adults categorised by waist-to-height ratio cut-offs in Shandong,China

Abstract

Background: Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is proposed as a valid measure of abdominal obesity and health risks in practice. The present study examined the profiles of weight status and blood pressure (BP) among young adults categorised by WHtR cut-offs.

Methods: A total of 4226 college students (2107 males and 2119 females) aged 19–22?years participated in the study. The body mass index (BMI) cut-offs recommended by the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) were used to define underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. The BMI and BP profiles within each WHtR category were examined.

Results: For both males and females, ‘the high WHtR group’ (WHtR ≥ 0.5) had the highest, and ‘the low WHtR group’ (WHtR < 0.4) had the lowest BMI and BP levels. In the WHtR = 0.30–0.34 sub-group, 66.10% of males and 66.67% of females were underweight; in the WHtR ≥ 0.55 sub-group, 91.49% of males and 83.33% of females were obese; in the WHtR = 0.40–0.44 sub-group, 88.88% of males and 89.85% of females were normal weight. The prevalence of high BP in the WHtR < 0.5 group was 9.99% in males and 2.19% in females; the corresponding figures were 28.92% (males) and 14.06% (females) in the WHtR ≥ 0.5 group; the latter is significantly higher than the former (p?<?0.01).

Conclusion: Individuals with low WHtR were underweight and those with high WHtR were obese with high BP. Results from this study support WHtR as a simple and effective screening tool for abdominal obesity and high BP in practice.