可变钠和超滤曲线联合应用预防透析症状低血压的护理

目的 观察联合应用可变钠和超滤曲线透析对透析中低血压（intradialytic hypotension,IDH）及相关症状发生率的影响.方法 选择既往常规血液透析有IDH倾向的患者40例,采用可变钠和超滤曲线透析6周,监测血压、体重、超滤量,分别于2、4、6周完成透析相关症状问卷.结果 联合方法透析2、4、6周后IDH、头晕、肌肉抽搐和头痛发生率均显著低于常规方法症状发生率（P＜0.05）.结论 联合采用可变钠和超滤曲线有助于减少IDH发生,增加患者的耐受力,该方法不以增加患者钠负荷为代价,不造成透析间期体重增重过多.     

可调钠和超滤曲线模式联合应用对减少透析中低血压发生的影响

[目的]观察可调钠和超滤曲线模式联合应用对高危人群透析中低血压(IDH)的影响.[方法]选择常规透析反复发生IDH的病人18例,采用常规透析和联合方法透析各4周,监测透析过程中低血压的发生情况,并实施护理干预.[结果]联合方法透析病人IDH发生率明显少于常规透析.[结论]可调钠和超滤曲线模式联合应用可有效减少高危人群IDH的发生.     

可调钠和超滤曲线模式联合应用对减少透析中低血压发生的影响

[目的]观察可调钠和超滤曲线模式联合应用对高危人群透析中低血压（IDH）的影响。[方法]选择常规透析反复发生IDH的病人18例,采用常规透析和联合方法透析各4周,监测透析过程中低血压的发生情况,并实施护理干预。[结果]联合方法透析病人IDH发生率明显少于常规透析。[结论]可调钠和超滤曲线模式联合应用可有效减少高危人群IDH的发生。     

低温可调钠曲线模式联合在血液透析中的应用和护理

目的观察低温可调钠曲线模式联合应用预防透析中低血压(intradialytic hypotension,IDH)的发生和护理。方法选择既往常规透析反复发生IDH的患者16例,采用常规透析和联合方法透析各4周,监测透析过程中低血压的发生并实施各项护理干预措施预防和治疗IDH。结果联合方法透析模式患者IDH的发生率及护理干预明显少于常规透析,且经处理后血压恢复正常,继续透析。结论低温可调钠曲线模式联合应用可有效减少IDH的发生,密切观察病情和及时处理是治疗IDH的关键。     

可调钠联合不同超滤模式在预防透析中低血压中的应用

目的观察维持性血液透析患者在6种不同透析方案下透析中低血压(intradialytic hypotension,IDH)的发生情况,探讨有效预防IDH的透析方案。方法 20例维持性血液透析患者,于研究前1个月筛选期将干体质量、透析参数等调整稳定。选取线性钠模式(Na-1)及梯度钠模式(Na-2)联合线性超滤模式(UF-1)、间歇性超滤模式(UF-2)及梯度超滤模式(UF-3)组成6种透析方案,各患者依次进行标准透析模式(对照组)及6种透析方案各2周,比较分析各方案下透析中血压变化、IDH发生率及干体质量未达标率的情况。结果①6种透析方案患者透析3h、4h的平均动脉压(MAP)显著高于对照组(q=4.15～7.20,P<0.05),其中方案2(Na-2+UF-1)和方案4(Na-2+UF-2)明显高于其余方案(q=3.90～5.87,P<0.05);②与对照组相比,6种透析方案IDH发生率均降低(χ2=5.26～12.90,P<0.05),且方案2和方案4明显低于其余方案(χ2=4.07～6.36,P<0.05);③透析方案3(Na-1+UF-2)、方案4(Na-2+UF-2)患者干体质量未达标率较其余各方案显著降低(χ2=7.95～19.80,P<0.05)。结论梯度钠模式(Na-2)与间歇性超滤模式(UF-2)相结合的透析方案在显著降低IDH发生率的基础上干体质量达标率较高,可作为预防维持性血液透析患者发生IDH的有效方法。     

可调钠模式联合超滤曲线对体液负荷过多的维持性血液透析患者的影响

[目的]观察可调钠联合超滤曲线对体液负荷过多的长期血透患者急性并发症,尤其是低血压发生的干预作用.[方法]选择维持性血透2~3次/周,且透析期间体液控制不良患者47例,分为A组21例,按可调钠模式联合超滤曲线透析,共221例次;B组26例,按标准钠曲线透析,共249例次,时间8周,分别比较其耐受性及透析后血钠负荷情况.[结果]A组患者透析中、透析后血压及超滤量较B组高,低血压和肌肉痉挛等急性并发症发生率明显低于B组,且两组相比差异均有显著性(P<0.01).[结论]可调钠模式联合超滤曲线能降低透析患者低血压等急性并发症发生率,提高透析患者的耐受性,不增加透析后钠负荷,是一种安全有效的透析模式,对于透析期间体液控制不良患者尤其适应.     

钠及超滤曲线模式透析对尿毒症患者血容量维持探讨

目的 探讨钠超滤曲线模式透析(PHD)对尿毒症患者透析时的血容量维持作用。方法 选择10例常规血液透析患者,每例患者常规血液透析模式(CHD)与销及超滤曲线透析模式交替进行各5次,观察两种透析模式下患者血容量的变化,同时观察患者血球压积、血压、透析后血浆钠浓度及透析时症状发生率的变化。结果 销及超滤曲线模式透析较普通透析血容量下降明显减少(P0.05),透析中及透析后患者出汗、肌肉痉挛症状明显减少(P<0.05)。结论 钠及超滤曲线模式透析防止了透析患者血容量的明显减少,减少了透析并发症,增加了患者透析耐受性,是一种行之有效的方法。     

钠曲线、超滤曲线模式对高超滤量血液透析中低血压的影响

目的:探讨钠曲线、超滤曲线模式对高超滤量血液透析中低血压的影响。方法:将244例次符合条件的血液透析患者随机分为普通组和联合组各122例次,分别应用普通模式和钠曲线联合超滤曲线(三阶梯下降型)模式透析,比较两组患者血压值及低血压临床表现、实际超滤量、透析充分性。结果:联合组透析中低血压、肌肉痉挛、打呵欠、出汗发生率明显低于普通组(P0.05,P0.01),联合组患者实际超滤量高于普通组(P0.05),两组透析后血钠、尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、尿素下降率(URR)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:钠曲线联合超滤曲线模式(三阶梯下降型)能减少高超滤量透析低血压发生率,有利于体重增长过多的患者达到干体重,对透析充分性无影响。     

3种不同透析模式对血液透析中低血压反应的预防作用

目的：探讨预防血液透析中低血压反应的方法。方法：对血液透析过程中经常发生低血压反应的维持性透析患者18例．采取随机交叉对照设计．常规透析2周后，再分别接受高钠血液透析、钠曲线1联合超滤曲线血液透析、生物自动反馈式血容量监测血液透析3种治疗方案，每种方案为期2周。结果：钠曲线1联合超滤曲线血液透析、生物自动反馈式血容量监测血液透析与常规透析相比，低血压发生率及护理干预次数明显降低．高钠血液透析组降低则不明显。结论：对血液透析过程中有低血压倾向的患者．可选用钠曲线1联合超滤曲线血液透析和生物自动反馈式血容量监测血液透析。     

四种不同透析模式对老年血液透析低血压的影响及干预评价

目的探讨透析液的温度和盐浓度对老年血液透析患者透析过程中低血压(intradialytic hypotension, IDH)发生的影响及护理干预的疗效评价。方法选择在我院血液净化中心行维持性血液透析患者22例,有3/4透析次数出现症状性低血压。每例患者首先接受常温标准(Ⅰ组)透析4周(透析次数12次),然后采用随机单盲交叉设计,先后接受低温标准(Ⅱ组)、常温可调钠(Ⅲ组)和低温可调钠(Ⅳ组)三种透析模式治疗,每种透析模式每例各4周(透析次数均为12次)。监测透析前后体温、脉搏、血压,透析过程中每30min记录患者的血压、脉搏、静脉压、血流量、跨膜压、脱水量,计算每次血压的平均动脉压。结果(1)Ⅰ组患者IDH的发生率为70%,Ⅱ组患者IDH发生率为68%,两者比较无统计学意义(P＞0．05);(2)Ⅲ组患者IDH发生率为54%,与前两组比较明显减少(均P＜0．05);(3)Ⅳ组仅有17%的患者发生IDH,与前三组比较有统计学意义(均P＜0．01)。结论低温可调钠透析可提高老年患者对超滤的耐受性,对透析低血压有明显的防治效果,能显著减少护理工作量和医疗成本。     

MicroRNA profiling in cancer

The diagnosis of cancer has undergone major changes in the last 40 years. Once based purely on morphology, diagnosis has come to incorporate immunological, cytogenetic and molecular methods. Many cancers, especially leukaemias, are now defined by molecular markers. Gene expression profiling based on mRNA has led to further refinement of the classification and diagnosis of cancer. More recently, miRNAs (microRNAs), among other small non-coding RNA molecules, have been discovered and found to be major players in cell biology. miRNAs, having both oncogenic and tumour-suppressive functions, are dysregulated in many types of cancer. miRNAs also interfere with metastasis, apoptosis and invasiveness of cancer cells. In the present review, we discuss recent advances in miRNA profiling in human cancer. We discuss both frequent and rare tumour types and give an outlook on future developments.     

Bioinformatics strategies for proteomic profiling

Clinical proteomics is an emerging field that involves the analysis of protein expression profiles of clinical samples for de novo discovery of disease-associated biomarkers and for gaining insight into the biology of disease processes. Mass spectrometry represents an important set of technologies for protein expression measurement. Among them, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI TOF-MS), because of its high throughput and on-chip sample processing capability, has become a popular tool for clinical proteomics. Bioinformatics plays a critical role in the analysis of SELDI data, and therefore, it is important to understand the issues associated with the analysis of clinical proteomic data. In this review, we discuss such issues and the bioinformatics strategies used for proteomic profiling.     

Case study in physician profiling

In this article sustained and significant patient day reductions were accomplished over a short period of time with low capital investment. Using an education focus and concentrating on attempting to rationalize observed ranges of physician-resource use across peers, the hospital was able to reduce the length of stay by .5 days in a one-year period. This reduction was accomplished over a period where other local hospitals experienced minimal decreases in their lengths of stay. The success of this project suggests how the sharing of credible information with physicians within a constructive context can lead to significant and timely resource use reductions.     

Molecular profiling of cervical neoplasia

Cervical cancer, a potentially preventable disease, remains the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus is the single most important etiological agent in cervical cancer, contributing to neoplastic progression through the action of viral oncoproteins, mainly E6 and E7, which interfere with critical cell cycle pathways, p53 and retinoblastoma. However, evidence suggests that human papillomavirus infection alone is insufficient to induce malignant changes and that other host genetic variations are important in the development of cervical cancer. This article will discuss the latest molecular profiling techniques available and review the published literature relating to their role in the diagnosis and management of cervical dysplasia and cancer. It is hoped that these techniques will allow the detection of novel biomarkers at DNA, RNA, microRNA and protein levels, which may ultimately play a role in facilitating early disease diagnosis and in predicting response to therapies, thus allowing the development of personalized treatment strategies.     

Urine metabolomic profiling in neonatal nephrology

Metabolomics, the latest “omics” technology aims to study the complete set of low molecular weight metabolites that may change according to the physiological or the pathological state of the organism. Clinical studies dealing with metabolomics in neonatal and pediatric nephrology are very few. In this paper we present the experimental studies in newborn animal models, together with the available data on human newborns. Finally the urine metabolomic profiling of 3 newborns who suffered from severe perinatal asphyxia and were treated with hypothermia. They are located in a different part of the multivariate space, the reason of the differences being the basal metabolic profile (resilience) of each neonate: 1 died and 2 survived (one of them developed an acute kidney injury). The main metabolites responsible for the different metabolic profile among the 3 newborns are presented. In the future each neonatologist and nephrologist should become skilled in the metabolomic field.