恶性脑膜瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨恶性脑膜瘤的ＭＲＩ表现。材料与方法：手术病理证实的恶性胸膜瘤１９例，所有病例均行ＭＲ检查，其中部分病例还做了ＣＴ检查，结果：Ｔ１加权像病灶以等、低混杂信号多见，Ｔ２加权像均为均匀或混杂高信号；增强检查，肿瘤以不均匀强化最常见；肿瘤边缘不规则，呈“蕈”形，肿瘤部分或全部境界模糊。结论：恶性脑膜瘤ＭＲＩ表现具有一定特异性，但须与良性脑膜瘤、恶性胶持瘤及脑转移瘤鉴别。     

恶性脑膜瘤的CT及MRI诊断(附28例分析)

目的：探讨ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ 诊断恶性脑膜瘤的临床价值。材料与方法：对经ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ 检查并经手术病理证实的２８ 例恶性脑膜瘤进行对照分析。结果：额顶１４ 例,小脑幕４ 例,其它部位１０ 例。ＣＴ 平扫不均匀高密度区和混杂密度区２２例,均匀高密度６ 例;不均匀增强１６ 例,不规则环形增强８ 例,均匀增强４ 例。不均匀长Ｔ１ 、长Ｔ２ 信号和不均匀短Ｔ１ 、Ｔ２ 信号水肿区,颅骨破坏及增厚１３ 例。结论：提高识别恶性脑膜瘤的ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ 表现及其良性演变的恶性过程,有利于临床综合治疗,降低肿瘤复发率。     

颅脑血管外皮细胞瘤的CT、MRI与病理对照研究

目的：探讨颅脑血管外皮细胞瘤的临床、病理和ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ特征。材料与方法：收集经ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ诊断为脑膜瘤,经手术病理证实为血管外皮细胞瘤１２例,年龄３４￣５８岁。ＣＴ检查７例,均采用增强前、后常规扫描。ＭＲＩ检查１２例,采用ＳＥ序列增强前、后扫描。结果：１２例肿瘤全部发生在颅内脑外,７例ＣＴ平扫呈低等混合密度２例,呈等高混合密度５例;增强后扫描呈不均匀强化６例,均匀强化１例。骨窗显示病灶局部侵蚀性骨质破坏４例。ＭＲＩ平扫,Ｔ１ＷＩ呈等高不均匀信号１０例,呈等信号２例;Ｔ２ＷＩ呈不均匀等高信号１０例,呈等信号２例。１２例中７例显示脑膜尾征;增强后扫描１ 均呈不均匀强化。结论：血管外皮细胞瘤具有一定的ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ特征性表现：分叶状、丰富的血管流空、肿瘤内密度或信号不均匀、无肿瘤内钙化和骨质增生、局部颅骨呈溶骨性破坏。     

恶性脑膜瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的：探讨ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ诊断恶性脑膜瘤的临床价值。材料与方法：对经ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ检查并经手术病理证实的２８例恶性脑膜瘤进行对照分析。结果：额顶１４例，小脑幕４例，其它部位１０例。ＣＴ平扫不均匀高密度区和混杂密度区２２例，均匀高密度６例；不均匀增强１６例，不规则环形增强８例，均匀增强４例。不均匀长Ｔ１、长Ｔ２信号和不均匀短Ｔ１、Ｔ２信号水肿区，颅骨破坏及增厚１例。结论：提高识别恶性脑膜瘤的ＣＴ、ＭＲ清骸     

脑原发性恶性淋巴瘤和CT和MRI诊断

目的 为提高对脑原发性恶性淋巴瘤的认识和ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ诊断水平、材料和方法 收集经病理证实的脑原发性恶性淋巴瘤１０例,其中ＣＴ检查７例、ＭＲＩ检查６例,结果 １０例病人中检出１３个病灶,ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ所见肿瘤形态不规则,其中１０个病灶有明显水肿。ＭＲＩ对原发性恶性淋巴瘤的检出率比ＣＴ更有效,ＭＲＩ示大部分病灶Ｔ１ＷＩ呈低信号,Ｔ２ＷＩ呈高信号。结论 分析了ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ的原因后,认为ＭＲＩ应作为脑原发性     

鼻咽癌放射治疗后脑干放射性损伤的MRI表现

目的探讨鼻咽癌放射治疗后脑干放射性损伤的ＭＲＩ表现。方法分析５１例鼻咽癌经放射治疗后，脑干放射性损伤的ＭＲＩ自旋回波Ｔ１ＷＩ及超快速自旋回波Ｔ２ＷＩ和增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ表现及临床表现。结果脑干放射性损伤的临床表现为肢体麻木、无力或瘫痪及颅神经损伤症状。ＭＲＩ显示中脑、脑桥和延髓内呈斑片状改变分别为２、７及３例；脑桥基底部广泛受累９例；脑桥基底部下份及延髓前上份者３０例。自旋回波Ｔ１ＷＩ病灶均呈低或等信号改变；超快速自旋回波Ｔ２ＷＩ呈等、高信号混杂改变，脑桥水平病灶内高信号呈横行条纹状。增强后扫描显示病灶区无强化者９例，斑点状强化者３例及不规则花环状强化者３９例。占位效应与病灶的大小不相称。１４例经治疗后ＭＲＩ复查，４例病灶消失，８例病灶形态及位置无变化，２例病灶增大。结论ＭＲＩ可显示脑干放射性脑病特征；临床症状与ＭＲＩ追踪表现可不完全一致     

脑原发性恶性淋巴瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的　为提高对脑原发性恶性淋巴瘤的认识和ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ诊断水平。材料和方法　收集经病理证实的脑原发性恶性淋巴瘤１０例,其中ＣＴ检查７例,ＭＲＩ检查６例。结果　１０例病人中检出１３个病灶,ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ所见肿瘤形态不规则,其中１０个病灶有明显水肿。ＭＲＩ对原发性恶性淋巴瘤的检出率比ＣＴ更有效、ＭＲＩ示大部分病灶Ｔ_１ＷＩ呈低信号、Ｔ_２ＷＩ呈高信号。结论　分析了ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ误诊的原因后,认为ＭＲＩ应作为脑原发性恶性淋巴瘤的首选检查方法。     

鞍隔胺膜瘤的CT,MRI诊断（附18例报告）

提高对鞍隔脑膜瘤的影像学诊断水平及其临床意义。方法鞍隔脑膜瘤１８例，１７例经ＣＴ检查，其中６例同时行ＭＲＩ检查，１例单纯行ＭＲＩ检查。全部经手术病理证实。将影像检查结果与手术病理进行对照分析。结果１８例例肿瘤位于鞍上及鞍内，１７例ＣＴ平扫表现为均匀等密度或稍高密度１５例、不均匀高密度２例，明显均匀增强１４例、环形增强３例；ＭＲＩ（７例）Ｔ１ＷＩ为均匀等信号６例，略低信号１例；Ｔ２ＷＩ略高信号６例，     

脑膜瘤:增强后T_1WI与MTC T_1WI比较研究(附10例分析)

目的：采用磁化传递对比成像（ＭＴＣ）对脑膜瘤增强后的Ｔ１加权图像（Ｔ１ＷＩ）上的病程强化程度与常规增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ病灶强化程度进行定量研究。方法：１０例脑膜瘤病人按序进行自旋回波（ＳＥ）的Ｔ１ＷＩ，增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ及增强后ＭＴＣＴ１ＷＩ成像，分别测量病灶及正常脑白质（背景）信号强度，计算信噪比及效价。结果：在常规增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ及增强后ＭＴＣＴ１ＷＩ上病灶信号为：１０７．２±１３．７和１２９．３±９．３６。而背景信号为：１０７．２±３７．４和７５．９±８．０３，信噪比分别为０．３３９及０．６８７，增强效价为２．０３。结论：同时使用造影剂与ＭＴＣ结合的Ｔ１ＷＩ可增强病灶与背景的对比效应，提高脑膜瘤与周围脑组织的对比度，有利于更为精细的观察。     

室管膜下室管膜瘤的影像学诊断(附三例分析)

目的 探讨室管膜下室管膜瘤的ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ特征。方法 经手术病理证实的室管膜下室管膜瘤３例,回顾分析其ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ表现。结果 室管膜下室管膜瘤的特征表现为：（１）幕上肿瘤位于侧脑室内孟氏孔附近,ＣＴ平扫呈等密度或低密度,很少显示钙化及坏死;（２）ＭＲＴ１ＷＩ示肿瘤呈等、低信号,其内可见多数微囊状更低信号区,肿瘤飘浮于侧脑室中;Ｔ２ＷＩ示肿瘤呈均匀高信号;（３）ＣＴ、ＭＲ增强扫描,病灶未见强化征象。结     

Validity of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in diagnosis and follow-up of multiple sclerosis patients in different clinical subtypes

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with a wide range of pathologic changes that modify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value.

D-二聚体、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物在急性肾衰竭患者血液净化中的临床意义

目的探讨急性肾衰竭(ARF)时D-二聚体(D-D)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI)在不同的血液净化方法中的动态变化及临床意义。方法对我院2007年1月—2010年3月急诊住院58例ARF患者血液净化前、净化后4 h及38例健康人进行血浆中D-D含量及PAI水平测定。ARF患者血液净化方法随机采用血液透析(HD)(31例)、血液透析滤过(HDF)(27例)。结果 ARF患者D-D含量及PAI水平较对照组明显升高[D-D(0.83±0.04)与(0.48±0.03)mg/L,P=0.000 2;PAI(14.95±0.73)与(8.03±0.30)103kat/L,P<0.0001;]HD治疗4 h后D-D含量和PAI活性较治疗前升高[D-D(0.89±0.05)与(1.48±0.37)mg/L,P=0.018;PAI(14.89±1.78)与(22.10±3.56)103kat/L,P=0.025],而HDF治疗后D-D含量和PAI无明显变化[D-D(0.91±0.06)与(1.12±0.09)mg/L,P=0.65;PAI(15.81±1.98)与(16.10±2.56)103kat/L,P=0.86]。结论 ARF患者D-D、PAI水平升高,存在凝血-纤溶系统的紊乱,HD可以加重这种改变,而采用HDF治疗可避免对患者凝血机能的影响,在急性肾衰竭治疗中有一定临床价值。     

Role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography in preoperative assessment of coarctation of the aorta in pediatric patients and young adults

IntroductionAim of this work is to assess the reliability of 64-slice multidetector computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography for the preoperative assessment of coarctation of the aorta in pediatric patients and young adults.Material and methodsTwenty eight patients with clinical suspicion of coarctation of the aorta who underwent both Doppler echocardiography and MDCT angiography were included in the study. MDCT angiography findings were compared with both Doppler echocardiography and surgical results.ResultsThe overall sensitivity of three-dimensional MDCT angiography for diagnosis of the coarctation of the aorta was (100%) which was higher than that of Doppler echocardiography (91%).The overall sensitivity of MDCT angiography for the assessment of cardiac defects was (88%) which was lower than that of Doppler echocardiography (100%).ConclusionWe concluded that MDCT angiography with multiplanar and three dimensional techniques can be considered the modality of choice for preoperative assessment of coarctation of the aorta in pediatric patients and young adults.     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma in the presence of portal vein thrombosis

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) may not be an absolute contraindication for hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Although the data are sparse, PVT is commonly considered a contraindication to RFA. PVT has actually been described as a complication following RFA. RFA was used to treat a 3.9×2.9 cm primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a patient with concomitant PVT without complication. RFA can be safely performed in this setting but further studies could clarify this issue.     

Influence of maturational status in the exercise-induced release of cardiac troponin T in healthy young swimmers

ObjectivesTo determine the influence of maturational status on the release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) induced by a bout of 30 min, high-intensity, continuous exercise.DesignQuasi-experimental, cross-sectional study.MethodsSeventy male, young, well trained swimmers (age range 7–18 years, training experience 1–11 years) were classified by maturational stages: Tanner stage I (n = 14), II (n = 15), III (n = 15), IV (n = 13), and V (n = 13). Participants underwent a distance-trial of 30 min continuous swimming, and cTnT was measured before, immediately after and 3 h after exercise. Changes in cTnT over time were compared among groups, and associated with exercise load.ResultsBasal cTnT was higher in Tanner-V (3.8–8.1 ng/L) compared with I (1.5–5.5 ng/L, p < 0.001), II (1.5–4.5 ng/L, p < 0.001) and III (1.5–6.8 ng/L, p = 0.003), and in IV (1.5–6.3 ng/L) compared with II (p = 0.036). Maximal elevations of cTnT from baseline were notable (p < 0.001) and comparable among maturational stages (p = 0.078). The upper reference limit for myocardial injury was exceeded in 35.7% of the participants, without differences among groups (p = 0.18). Baseline cTnT correlated with participant characteristics, and maximal cTnT elevations from baseline with exercise internal load (%HRpeak, r_s = 0.34, p =  0.003; %HRmean, r_s = 0.28, p = 0.02).ConclusionsMaturational status influences positively absolute pre- and post-exercise cTnT but not its elevation after a bout of 30 min, high-intensity, continuous exercise.     

Application of selective saturation to image the dynamics of arterial blood flow during brain activation using magnetic resonance imaging.

A saturation-based approach is proposed to image the arterial blood flow signal with temporal resolution of 1 to 2 s and in-plane spatial resolution of a few millimeters. Using a saturation approach to suppress the undesired background stationary signal allows the blood water that enters the slice to be imaged at some specified later time. Since the blood protons that are being imaged are not restricted to the intravascular space, this technique is also sensitive to tissue perfusion signal contributions. The signal uptake characteristics of the saturation method proposed were used to study the different signal contributions as a function of the acquisition parameters. A typical perfusion acquisition (FAIR) was also used for comparison. The proposed method was demonstrated in a functional motor activation experiment and the observed signal changes were smaller than those obtained using the FAIR acquisition. The dynamics of the saturation method and FAIR temporal signal changes were investigated and time constants between 2 and 44 s were estimated. The tissue signal contribution to the saturation method's signal was small over the range of acquisition parameters that sensitized it to the arterial compartment.     

128-multidetector CT: For assessment of optimal depth of electrode array insertion in cochlear implant operations

Objective

To assess the diagnostic reliability of MDCT in pre-operative evaluation of cochlear implant candidates and post-operative, estimation of depth of insertion.

高压氧辅助治疗对卒中后抑郁患者血清5-HT、NE及神经功能的影响

目的：观察高压氧（HBO）辅助治疗对卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）及神经功能的影响。方法70例PSD患者根据数字表法随机分为2组,对照组（n=35例）采用常规措施治疗,观察组（n=35例）待确定活动性出血已稳定或已趋于稳定后,在对照组治疗基础上加用HBO治疗。两组疗程均为30d,比较两组患者治疗前后血清5-HT、NE表达水平及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、中国脑卒中量表（CSS）,改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分变化。结果两组患者治疗后血清5-HT、NE表达水平均明显升高（P<0.05）,且观察组升高较对照组更为显著（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗后HAMD、CSS评分明显降低（P<0.05）,而MBI评分明显升高（P<0.05）,且观察组降低或升高较对照组更为显著（P<0.05）。结论 HBO辅助治疗可明显升高PSD患者血清5-HT、NE表达水平,改善抑郁状态和神经功能。     

磁共振扩散峰度成像预测食管癌放疗敏感性的实验研究

目的 从动物模型层面探讨扩散峰度成像（DKI）在预测食管癌放疗敏感性方面的应用价值。方法 建立人食管癌Eca-109裸鼠移植瘤模型,实验组给予单次剂量15 Gy（6 MV X射线）照射,对照组不接受任何处理。比较两组移植瘤体积及表观弥散系数（ADC）、平均扩散峰度（MK）、平均扩散系数（MD）的变化情况,观察实验组与对照组在相应时间点的细胞密度和坏死比例。结果 实验组裸鼠移植瘤在照射后明显出现了生长延迟现象,从照后第7天开始实验组移植瘤体积明显小于对照组（t=3.206~6.149,P<0.05）。照后第3天开始实验组ADC值及MD值明显高于对照组,MK值明显低于对照组（t_ADC=-11.018~-2.049,t_MD=-6.609~-2.052,t_MK=2.492~9.323,P<0.05）。照后第3天开始对照组细胞密度高于实验组,实验组的坏死比例高于对照组（t_密度=-8.387~-2.239,t_坏死比例=2.980~17.430,P<0.05）。结论 单次大剂量照射可以抑制荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长,ADC、MK、MD值均可以先于肿瘤形态学变化而发生改变,移植瘤细胞密度及坏死比例的变化与ADC、MK、MD值的变化基本吻合。DKI具有早期预测食管癌放疗敏感性的价值。     

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in early detection of recurrent breast cancer

Purpose

The purpose of this work was the evaluation of new advances of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of recurrent breast cancer after conservative surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.