湿热灭菌柜的验证

1验证目的 在现有工艺条件下进行湿热灭菌柜的热分布研究,并试验在最大载荷下的热穿透情况,验证现有工艺条件下湿热灭菌柜的灭菌和去热原的有效性。     

高压蒸汽灭菌柜验证中需注意的几个问题

通过对高压蒸汽灭菌柜进行了再验证成功的基础上,提出了验证中的热分布、热穿透和微生物挑战性试验以及仪器、仪表的校验等需注意的几个问题,为进一步更好地做好灭菌柜的再验证工作指明了方向。     

大输液灭菌工艺与灭菌效果的考察

经典的大输液灭菌工艺还存在着一定的问题，难以保证灭菌效果。对不同类型的灭菌柜进行室内热分布均匀性测试，发现仪表显示温度、室内温度和被灭菌药液温度三者的差异。以微生物法进行灭菌效果考察，运用现代灭菌理论，筛选所有灭菌柜的最佳灭菌工艺，以确保灭菌效果。     

脉动真空压力蒸汽灭菌器密封性与包中心温度变化及灭菌效果实验研究

脉动真空式压力蒸汽灭菌器(以下称灭菌器)的密封性能,对灭菌布巾包灭菌效果的影响较大。灭菌器密封性能不良,柜室内残余空气量增加,使灭菌物品中心温度滞后,灭菌合格率下降。同时,也容易使同柜室不同位置上的灭菌物品产生灭菌差异。笔者对此进行了热电偶温度检测和嗜热脂肪杆菌芽胞菌片对比试验。现将结果报告如下:     

热分布与热穿透试验的一种测试方法

目的寻找能快速方便地测试烘箱及灭菌器热分布和热穿透的有效方法。方法应用VXSOIOROONlNO无纸记录仪进行烘箱热分布及热穿透试验测试。结论本方法可行,能解决烘箱及灭菌柜的验证难题。     

浅析3种不同灭菌柜对降低葡萄糖注射液中5-HMF的作用

目的浅析3种不同灭菌柜对降低葡萄糖注射液中5-HMF(5-羟甲基糠醛)的作用。方法采用不同灭菌柜对葡萄糖注射液中5-HMF的测定值大小来比较。结果不同灭菌柜的采用对5-HMF的吸光度值影响较大,采用SG-19水浴式灭菌柜对降低葡萄糖注射液中5-HMF的吸光度有很明显的作用效果。结论不同灭菌柜的采用对5-HMF的吸光度值影响较大。     

用动力学方法考察受热条件对葡萄糖注射液5-HMF的影响

葡萄糖注射液热压灭菌后降温过程的热环境可促进5一羟甲基糠醛（5－HMF）的生成,成品贮存期间5－HMF亦在不断增加。本文应用动力学方法考察了该院葡萄糖注射液（500ml：50g）受热条件对5－HMF的影响,并预测其室温贮存期。1仪器与药品HH·W21·Cu600电热恒温水浴箱（上海跃进医疗器械一厂）;752型紫外／可见光栅分光光度计（山东高密分析仪器厂）。葡萄糖注射液（500ml：50g,自制）。2方法与结果工作实践中发现同锅灭菌柜热压灭菌的葡萄糖注射液,底层柜角位置者5－HMF为低,次上层柜中央位置者5－HMF为高。从该二位置抽取500ml…     

对常用热压灭菌柜的调查分析

近二年,因工作需要先后到山东、南京、上海、广东等地七十二所医院制剂室和十五个药厂参观学习。对医院制剂室和药厂常用热压灭菌柜的种类及应用情况做了一些调查,并进行了粗略的分析。认为,在制备大输液及其他灭菌制剂方面,小型单层卧式热压灭菌柜(以下简称小型单层柜)优于中型夹层卧式热压灭菌柜(以下简称中型夹层柜)。     

脉动真空灭菌柜管理的探讨

目的:探讨脉动真空灭菌柜常见故障的主要原因与解决办法。方法:对真空度差、灭菌效率低及湿包等故障,提出了相应的对策。结果:保证了灭菌质量。结论:该法适合于灭菌柜管理。     

对压力蒸汽灭菌柜的一点改进

在制剂工作实践中,输液灭菌常会遇到这样的问题：由于灭菌柜内部冷凝水的泄水器调节不当,造成灭菌升温时间和灭菌温度不易控制,特别是泄水器前段管道部分堵塞造成通汽和排水不畅,导致灭菌柜内部上、下温度不一样,制剂质量难于控制,并且管道疏通麻烦。再者由于季节、外部环境温度的影响,也会导致升温时间变化较大。为此,笔者对我院制剂室灭菌柜进行了改进,解决了上述问题。１　改进方法在泄水器前段安装一个三通、阀门和排气管。调节泄水器使冷凝冷水排出为宜,在灭菌开始前１０～１５ｍｉｎ开大阀门让灭菌柜内部份冷空气和冷凝水容…     

航天器在轨全过程表面辐射热计算数值仿真研究

对在轨航天器表面辐射热计算进行了全过程数值仿真研究。航天器结构较复杂，针对不同结构进行区域分解，对几何模型进行相应的规则化，同时采用结构化网格和非结构化网格建立通用的计算网格自生成技术。仿真过程重点考虑了任意曲面的网格自动划分和任意形状交界面的数据传递，兼顾几何结构、物理过程、计算精度和计算速度。将有限元法和能束均匀分布法相结合计算角系数和辐射传递系数。将积分法和能束均匀分布法相结合计算外热流。由于在轨航天器表面多用多层隔热组件包裹，针对这部分结构采用节点网络法和控制容积法计算其表面温度，而未被包裹的结构采用有限元法计算其表面温度。对具有辐射换热关系的非连通区域温度场的有限元计算进行了分析和公式推导。最后，用Microsoft VC++6.0编程设计开发了近地轨道航天器表面辐射热计算仿真软件。     

Conformation and structure of mildly heat-treated ovalbumin in dilute solutions and gel formation at higher protein concentrations

The conformation of heat-denatured ovalbumin aggregates has been examined at several concentrations and pH values, using measurements of optical rotation dispersion (ORD), circular dichroism (CD) and viscosity. The protein was subjected to heating at relatively low temperatures, ranging from 48.5 to 76d?; the particular temperature chosen depended on pH. The heat treatment was sufficient to remove the ability of the molecules to absorb heat on re-heating. The denatured molecules were shown to be rather compact, i.e. not much larger than the native molecule, and to retain a significant amount of secondary structure; this was also the case for molecules present in small aggregates. It is suggested that this type of ovalbumin monomer builds three-dimensional networks in denatured solutions at higher concentrations, and that gelation should be looked upon as arising from surface contacts between hydrated globules. The present results also imply that such globules have gelation properties which depend on whether pH is acidic or basic compared to the isoelectric point of the protein.     

SHORT COMMUNICATION: CATECHOLAMINE CONCENTRATIONS DURING EXPOSURE OF RESTING MAN TO THE HEAT OF A STANDARD SWEAT TEST

1. Normal subjects were heated for 45 min with a heat cradle under the conditions used to investigate sweating clinically. 2. Skin temperatures on the chest and in the external auditory meatus rose but concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline decreased during heating. 3. There was no change in adrenoceptor affinity or number as a result of the heat exposure. 4. There was little change in blood pressure and heart rate and no dysrhythmias were observed with an electrocardiogram. 5. It is concluded that heating with a heat cradle is generally not stressful and that there is a reduction in sympathetic nervous activity involving noradrenergic or adrenergic transmission during the procedure.     

Determination of Shelf Heat Transfer Coefficients Along the Shelf Flow Path of a Freeze Dryer Using the Shelf Fluid Temperature Perturbation Approach

The spatial distribution of local shelf heat transfer coefficients, K_s, was determined by mapping the transient temperature response of the shelf surface along the serpentine internal channels of the shelf while the temperature of the heat transfer fluid was ramped from ?40° to 40°C. The solution of a first-order non-steady-state differential equation resulted in a predicted shelf surface temperature as a function of the shelf fluid temperature at any point along the flow path. During the study, the shelf surfaces were maintained under a thermally insulated condition so that the heat transfers by gas conduction and radiation were negligible. To minimize heat conduction by gas, the chamber was evacuated to a low pressure, such as 100 mTorr. To minimize heat transfers between shelves, shelves were moved close together, with a gap of approximately 3 mm between any two shelves, because the shelf surface temperatures at corresponding vertical locations of two shelves are virtually equal. In addition, this also provides a shielding from radiation heat transfer from shelf to walls. Local heat transfer coefficients at the probed locations h_x (≈K_s) were calculated by fitting the experimental shelf temperature response to the theoretical value. While the resulting values of K_s are in general agreement with previously reported values, the values of K_s close to the inlet are significantly higher than those of other locations of the shelf channel. This observation is most likely attributed to the variation of the flow pattern of heat transfer fluid within the channels.     

In vivo cytogenetic effects of oil shale retort process waters

The induction of cytogenetic effects by oil shale retort process waters from 3 types of pilot plant retorts were examined in murine bone marrow. Each of the process waters induced increased frequencies of structural aberrations in mice treated with 3 daily intraperitoneal injections of the waters. The same treatment had no effect on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. Mice given a 1% solution of an above-ground retort water ad libitum for 8 weeks consumed about 1 ml/kg per day of the process water and had a frequency of aberrations comparable to mice given the same dose intraperitoneally for 3 days. Transplacental exposure of C3H mouse embryos indicated that clastogenic compounds in the above-ground retort process water can cross the placenta and induce chromosomal aberrations in embryonic tissues.     

17—4PHMo钢的热处理与电化学腐蚀关系的研究

本文讨论了17—4PHMo(OCr17Ni4Cu4Mo2Nb)钢在含1.8％H_2SO_4和4.5％NaCl的溶液中电化学腐蚀行为。试验表明:经正常热处理的试样,在含Cl~-和H~+的溶液中能生成稳定的钝化膜,这种钝化膜只有当金属阳极电位高于20毫伏时才能被击穿。同时,由于Epp值相对较正,即使钝化膜被击穿而产生局部的点蚀,也能重新钝化,恢复完整的钝化膜。本文还讨论了钢热处理后的显微组织,也讨论了热处理工艺与电化学性能之间的关系,从而阐明该钢在较高NaCl含量的酸性溶液中不易产生点腐蚀破坏。     

Effect of exercise and heat exposure on percutaneous absorption of methyl salicylate

Summary The effects of exercise, heat exposure or both on the percutaneous absorption of methyl salicylate were studied in 6 healthy volunteers. Exercise was performed to 30% ofVO_2max, 45 min each hour for 6 h, at ambient temperatures of 22°C or 40°C. Systemic availability was assessed by measurement of plasma salicylate concentrations and cumulative urinary salicyluric acid excretion over an 8-h collection period. The absorption of methyl salicylate was increased to more than 3-times above control in subjects exercising in the heat. It is concluded that exercise and heat exposure, by increasing skin temperature, hydration and blood flow, enhance the percutaneous absorption of methyl salicylate.     

不同应激刺激后大鼠心脏、肝脏热休克蛋白(HSP70)的产生规律

目的 探讨热处理、心肌缺血及缺血预适应后大鼠心脏、肝脏热休克蛋白(HSP70)的产生规律。方法 采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定不同应激刺激条件下各组动物心、肝组织产生HSP70的含量。结果 心肌组织对热休克、缺血等外源性应激刺激呈高敏感性，且随刺激形式的不同而产生的热休克蛋白含量也不同；而肝脏的反应则比较迟钝，对多数损伤反应的应答呈现一致性，但仍然显著高于对照组。结论 采用热休克蛋白作为研究指标时，应考虑到它的多源性和非特异性。慎下研究结论。     

热应激和短暂心肌缺血对大鼠心肝组织热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的探讨热应激及短暂心肌缺血对大鼠心、肝组织损伤及热休克蛋白（HSP70）表达的影响。方法24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为：对照组、假手术组、热休克组和短暂心肌缺血组,每组6只,应激后20h取心、肝组织,采用Western blotting、免疫组化及HE染色方法,观察大鼠心、肝组织的病理变化和HSP70的表达。结果（1）热应激及短暂心肌缺血后大鼠心、肝组织均有病理改变且HSP70表达与对照相比均显著增加（P〈0．05）;（2）短暂心肌缺血后心肌中HSP70表达量显著高于热应激后的表达量（P〈0．05）,而肝脏在两种刺激后HSP70表达量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论短暂心肌缺血对心脏组织中HSP70表达的影响强于热应激,而对肝脏的影响两者无显著差异,这可能与不同刺激引起心、肝组织中HSP70表达机制不同有关。     

航空电子设备冷却用环路热管冷凝器热沉分析

为确定环路热管用于机载电子设备散热的适用性,本文讨论了应用于航空电子设备冷却的环路热管冷凝器可用热沉,提出将机翼蒙皮作为环路热管冷凝器的热沉。通过机翼蒙皮的传热分析,计算了飞行任务包线下机翼蒙皮内侧温度,以确定环路热管冷凝器热沉温度范围。理论计算表明,利用环路热管将机载电子设备的热量耗散于飞机蒙皮是一种可行的热管理技术。