宫颈上皮内瘤样病变患者高危型HPV感染基因分型分析

目的了解宫颈上皮内瘤变患者的高危型HPV的感染及其分型和不同程度宫颈病变的主要感染型别情况。方法应用型特异PCR检测宫颈癌前病变的患者的主要高危型HPV-16、18、33、58的感染及其分型情况的相关性研究。结果在本研究宫颈上皮内瘤变患者98例中,4种高危型HPV的总阳性例数为73例,HPV总的感染率为74.5%,存在多重感染。其中HPV-16、18、33、58的总感染率分别为53.1%、38.7%、17.3%和30.6%。CIN的Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ3组患者的4种高危型HPV的感染率分别为42.9%、61.1%和93.2%。结论主要高危型HPV在宫颈上皮内瘤变患者中感染的主要型别依次为HPV16、HPV18、HPV58、HPV33,主要为HPV16和HPV18型;不同程度CIN的高危型HPV的总感染率不同,随病变程度的加重而增加。     

宫颈癌及其前期病变HPV感染与基因型分布

目的了解宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变CIN患者的HPV的感染和其基因分型及主要感染型别情况。方法应用型特异PCR检测宫颈癌及其前病变的患者的HPV感染及其主要基因分型情况的分析。结果在本研究宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变患者中,宫颈癌的HPV感染率为91．0％,CINⅠ／Ⅱ／Ⅲ的HPV感染率为73．3％,主要高危型HPV基因型别依次为HPV16、HPV18、HPV58、HPV33。结论在宫颈上皮内瘤变患者中感染主要高危型HPV基因型别依次为HPV16、HPV18、HPV58、HPV33、HPV16在宫颈癌和CIN中的构成比随着宫颈病变的增加而明显增加。     

人乳头瘤病毒检测在宫颈病变中的应用价值

目的了解宫颈细胞学异常患者中人乳头瘤“毒（HPV）的感染状况,评估HPV检测在宫颈病变筛查中的价值。方法随机选取宫颈薄层液基细胞学检测异常的101例患者进行了HPV检测,同时行组织病理学检查。结果（1）101例宫颈细胞学异常患者中,细胞学为ASCUS、LSIL、HSIL、鳞状细胞癌时高危型HPV阳性率分别为84．2％、88．6％、100．0％和2／2;（2）10l例细胞学异常患者中20例为CINI,81例为CINⅡ及以上级别,高危型HPV阳性率存CINI、CINⅡ及以上级别分别为60％、97．5％;（3）ASCUS组中,高危型HPV阳性患者中CINⅡ及以上病变的发生率为87．5％,HPV阴性患者中CINⅡ及以上病变的发生率为16．7％;（4）高危型HPV型别分布由高到低分别为HPVl6型39．6％（40／101）,HPV58型17．8％（18／101）,HPV52型16．8％（17／101）,HPVl8型9．9％（10／101）以及HPV33型9．9％（10／101）。结论高危型HPV感染率与宫颈病变级别呈正相关;HPV检测可作为ASCUS患者的有效分流手段。宫颈病变患者中高危型HPV感染以16、58、52、18、33型为主。     

Luminex XMAP液相芯片技术检测人乳头瘤病毒基因型的应用评价

目的 评价Luminex XMAP液相芯片技术在HPV感染检测中的临床价值.方法 取宫颈组织标本231份和正常宫颈脱落细胞33份,采用液相芯片技术和杂交捕获Ⅱ(HC Ⅱ)对所有标本进行HPV DNA检测.比较两种方法检测结果,对不一致标本及HPV单一型感染标本进行基因测序.结果 两种方法检测结果一致性极好(Kappa=0.8889).根据液相芯片检测结果,HPV检出率为82.95%,不同基因型感染率从高到低依次为:HPV 16、52、58、18、11、31、6、39、33、56、70.其中117份单一型感染,102份多重感染.高危型感染占87.43%,低危型12.57%.以组织病理学为确诊标准,液相芯片和HCⅡ检测CINⅡ、CINⅢ和宫颈癌HPV DNA的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别依次为:93.07%、87.88%、98.17%、64.44%和94.81%、87.88%、98.21%、70.73%.所有液相芯片检出的单一型经基因测序验证准确率为98.29%.结论 所选宫颈病变患者HPV感染的常见型别是16、52、58、18、11、31、6.Luminex XMAP液相芯片技术是HPV分型检测及大规模筛查的理想方法.     

三明地区人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染FQ-PCR检测与宫颈病变的关系

目的通过对三明地区妇女感染HPV情况的调查,为三明地区妇女感染HPV的预防提供科学依据。方法采用聚合酶多重核酸扩增荧光检测方法检测女性宫颈口脱落细胞进行13种高危型,5种低危型人乳头瘤状病毒（HPV）检测和分型。结果在129例正常组女性宫颈口脱落细胞标本中,HPV高危型和低危型阳性总检出率为29.5%（38/129）,其中高危型检出率为31%,低危型为69%。421例各种不同宫颈病变总检出率为89.3%（376/421）。其中宫颈炎症高危型检出率52%,低危型为48%;CINⅠ高危型为74%,低危型为26%;CIN Ⅱ高危型为84%,低危型为16%;CIN Ⅲ高危型为92%,低危型为8%;宫颈鳞癌高危型为100%;宫颈腺癌高危型为100%;宫颈湿疣高危型为94%,低危型为6%。结论随着宫颈病变的加重,CIN级别的增加,HPV感染率上升,在较高级别的宫颈病变中,大多为高危型HPV感染。     

妇科门诊患者HPV分型检测及结果分析

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）的感染在慢性宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）及浸润性宫颈癌（ICC）中的表达,旨在提高宫颈上皮内瘤样病变及浸润性宫颈癌的诊断率。方法对就诊的有宫颈疾患的妇女794例,采用导流杂交HPV基因分型技术进行DNA检测。结果 HPV检测阳性113例,阳性率14.23%,其中单一型别HPV感染84例,占总数的74.33%,多型别感染的29例,占总数的25.67%,最常见的HPV基因型为52、16、58、18、53高危型感染率较低危型相比,上升趋势更为明显。结论在宫颈病变筛查中HPV检测可提高细胞学检测的有效性,是早期诊断CINⅢ及ICC的一个重要辅助方法。     

渝东南妇科女人乳头瘤病毒感染状况分析

目的:了解渝东南妇女人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的基因型分布特点,为该片区HPV疫苗的研发和宫颈癌的防治提供可靠而科学的依据。方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)反向点杂交相结合的DNA芯片技术对来自渝东南门诊妇科的5073例就诊者进行HPV感染及分型检测。结果:HPV总感染率为37.5%(1902/5073),其中单纯低危型感染率为6.8%(344/5073),以HPV6,81为主;高危型及混合感染率为30.7%(1558/5073),以其高危型检出频次前五位依次为16(21.9%),52(18.4%),58(17.6%),33(12.5%),18(9.1%)。共检出22种基因型,没检出82型;在各年龄组中,其感染率与年龄段呈U型曲线关系,高危型感染在50岁以上明显上升(X2=15.78,P0.005)。结论:HPV感染率及基因分型有一定的地域差异,该片区感染率较高,高危型及多重感染情况比较严重,基因分型符合亚洲人的特点,但也有各自特点。     

901例女性人乳头瘤病毒感染状况及基因型分布的调查

目的 探讨高低危型人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)在不同年龄段的感染情况,为防治宫颈癌、尖锐湿疣等HPV相关疾病提供理论依据.方法 收集有HPV感染临床检测指征(宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌)的女性标本901例,利用导流杂交基因芯片技术对阴道分泌物进行HPV分型检测.结果 901例标本HPV阳性率为41.73％,其中单纯高、低危型HPV和高低危型HPV混合感染率分别为60.90％ (229/376)、23.67％ (89/376)和15.43％(58/376);高危型HPV感染各个年龄段的感染率为26.39％～42.19％,低危型HPV感染各个年龄段的感染率为8.96％～39.19％,各型均呈现“U”型趋势.结论 各年龄段主要感染型别为HPV16.低年龄段以高低危型HPV混合感染为主,≥55岁以单纯高危型HPV感染为主,单纯高危型HPV感染率随年龄增长而上升.     

41751例女性宫颈细胞中HPV基因分型的回顾性分析

目的：分析女性宫颈上皮细胞人乳头状瘤病毒HPV感染状况和基因分布情况,为预防HPV感染和防治宫颈癌提供科学依据。方法：收集2013年1月至2015年8月中国人民解放军北京军区总医院宫颈癌筛查自愿接受宫颈HPV检查者宫颈标本41751例,年龄为14~95岁。采用凯普的导流杂交方法对宫颈上皮细胞标本进行15种高危HPV和6种低危HPV基因型检测,分析女性宫颈HPV感染状况。结果：41751例女性宫颈上皮细胞标本HPV总阳性率为17.485%,高危HPV型别前4位的分别是16、52、53和58,低危HPV型别前4位的分别是6、11、42和43。结论：凯普的导流杂交膜HPV各基因亚型位点分布对女性宫颈HPV感染分子流行病学调查研究具有重要意义。     

湖北省人乳头瘤病毒基因分型检测分析

目的 调查湖北省女性人群人乳头状瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染状况,为宫颈癌防治提供参考依据.方法 收集2013年1月至2014年11月在湖北省中山医院就诊的3956例宫颈脱落细胞标本,采用PCR体外扩增和DNA反向点杂交相结合的DNA芯片技术,对宫颈脱落细胞标本进行HPV基因分型检测.结果 3956例患者中共检出HPV阳性818例,阳性率为20.68％,其中高危型HPV感染阳性率为15.77％(624/3956).在被检测的23个HPV-DNA亚型中,最常见的依次为16型(3.72％,147/3956),52型(3.67％,145/3956),43型(3.64％,144/3956),58型(2.78％,110/3956),18型(1.49％,59/3956),33型(1.06％,42/3956),未检出MM4型.HPV阳性者中多重感染率为17.36％(142/818),以二重感染最常见(85.21％,121/142).结论 湖北省地区高危型HPV感染以HPV16、52、58、18和33比较常见,低危型HPV感染以HPV43比较常见.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.