海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗

目的:探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(CSDAVF)的诊断及治疗.方法:CSDAVF患者15例,均经全脑血管造影证实,1例行颈动脉压迫,14例行血管内栓塞,其中9例经静脉途径,3例经动脉途径,2例经动脉和静脉途径联合栓塞.结果:3例单纯颈外动脉供血患者经动脉途径栓塞术后复查2例治愈,1例部分栓塞,眼部症状明显改善;经静脉途...     

Xper-CT Guide引导下眼上静脉穿刺术在海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘栓塞中的运用

目的 探讨飞利浦DSA血管机中Xper-CT Guide 导航穿刺软件引导下眼上静脉穿刺术在海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘栓塞术中指导作用和应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析2017年8月至2019年12月收治的3例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者经Xper-CT Guide 导航穿刺软件引导下直接经眼上静脉入路穿刺海绵窦。 结果 3例患者均穿刺成功,成功率为100%,一次性栓塞治愈海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘。 结论 Xper-CT Guide引导下眼上静脉穿刺术成功率高,可精准辅助手术医生经眶穿刺眼上静脉,指导手术路径,在复杂的海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘栓塞治疗中有一定的临床应用价值。     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘38例分析

目的：探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的病因、发生机制、临床特点。方法：采用Sendelinger技术,对硬脑膜动静脉瘘行血管内栓塞,本组用PVA及干冻硬膜等微粒栓塞15例,NBCA胶栓塞6例,PVA或干冻硬膜与NBCA胶联全栓塞5例,可脱性球囊栓塞2例,用弹簧栓塞5例,颈动脉压迫法治疗5例,结果：单纯颈外动脉及颈内动脉供血者24例,其中16例栓塞治愈,2例经1次,2例经2次栓塞后症状好转,但仍有轻度颅内杂音,单纯压迫颈动脉法治愈4例,颈内外动脉分支同时供血的14例,7例颈外动脉栓塞结合颈动脉压迫法治愈,3例症状明显改善,3例症状好转,1例单纯压迫颈动脉治愈,结论：血管内栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘是一种安全、可靠的治疗方法。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的DSA评价和栓塞治疗(附126例报告)

目的 探讨数字减影血管造影对颈动脉海绵窦瘘诊断的价值,并通过对其血管造影表现的分析,指导栓塞治疗。方法 126例颈动脉海绵窦瘘进行DSA检查,每例患者均行超选择颈内、外动脉造影,同时将本组病例分为4类。结果 126例颈动脉海绵窦瘘中,A型瘘88例;B型瘘11例;C型瘘23例;D型瘘12例。88例直接瘘造影确定瘘口位置,瘘口位于颈内动脉海绵窦I段5例;Ⅱ段29例;Ⅲ段11例;Ⅳ段34例;Ⅴ段9例。根据DSA表现,102例采用经股动脉途径栓塞,22例经眼上静脉途径。结论 数字减影血管造影可较好地显示颈动脉海绵窦瘘的位置和大小,同时,可以有效地评价Willis环功能,为其栓塞治疗提供有价值的信息。在CCF的治疗中可脱性球囊栓塞是最理想的首选方法。     

数字减影血管造影及栓塞术在耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科血管性疾病中的应用

目的探讨数字减影血管造影(DSA)及栓塞术在耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科血管性疾病诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析35例患者的临床资料,其中,鼻咽纤维血管瘤27例,上颌窦血管瘤4例,难治性鼻出血4例(其中自发性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘1例,鼻咽癌放疗后难治性鼻出血1例)。均采用Seldinger技术动脉插管行DSA、栓塞进行诊断和治疗,分析DSA及栓塞术在该类疾病中的应用价值。结果 35例均成功进行DSA及栓塞治疗。单纯栓塞治疗的5例中,颈内动脉海绵窦瘘1例及其他难治性鼻出血3例均一次栓塞治愈,1例鼻咽纤维血管瘤Ⅳ期因颅底广泛破坏和颈内动脉供血仅行姑息性栓塞后影像学检查证实瘤体明显缩小。余26例鼻咽纤维血管瘤及4例上颌窦血管瘤栓塞后再予手术治疗,28例术中出血量明显减少,平均出血量仅470 ml,2例Ⅳ期鼻咽纤维血管瘤因由颈内、外动脉同时供血单纯行颈外供瘤动脉栓塞,术中出血量较多。结论 DSA能清晰显示头颈部血管性病变的供血动脉、异常交通支、动静脉瘘等动态图像,指导临床治疗方法的选择;血管内栓塞治疗对颈外动脉系统的难治性鼻出血、颈内动脉海绵窦瘘有良好的治疗效果;对血运丰富需手术治疗的肿瘤,术前栓塞可显著减少术中出血,大大提高手术的安全性。     

经静脉途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘--附22例报告

目的:探讨经静脉途径栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效.方法:对22例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者行经静脉途径栓塞治疗,通过脑血管造影及临床随访来评价临床疗效.结果:术后即刻造影示瘘口完全闭塞12例,瘘口处血流速度明显减慢10例.9例患者术后第2日出现眼球水肿一过性加重,经脱水等治疗后症状缓解.随访3个月～2年,临床症状消失14例,症状明显缓解8例.结论:经静脉途径栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘对部分患者是一种有效的治疗方法.     

Xper Guide引导下眼上静脉穿刺术在海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘栓塞中的应用

目的：探讨飞利浦DSA血管机中Xper Guide导航穿刺软件引导下眼上静脉穿刺术在海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘栓塞术中的指导作用和应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2017年8月至2019年12月武汉大学中南医院收治的3例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者的病例资料，均行Xper Guide导航穿刺软件引导下直接经眼上静脉入路穿刺海绵窦。结果：3例患者均穿刺成功，一次性栓塞治愈海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘。结论：Xper Guide引导下眼上静脉穿刺术可精准辅助经眶穿刺眼上静脉，指导手术路径，有一定的临床应用价值。     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘及硬脑膜海绵窦瘘10例临床分析

目的：总结颈内动脉海绵窦瘘及硬脑膜海绵窦瘘的眼部表现、影像学特点及治疗方法。方法：收集10例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘及硬脑膜海绵窦瘘患者的临床资料进行分析。结果：眼部表现包括眼球突出、球结膜血管充血怒张、眼底改变、眼外肌麻痹、眼压升高、视力下降等。CT和MRI检查可见眼上静脉扩张和海绵窦增宽，上、下、内、外直肌增粗。彩色多普勒超声检查可见眼上静脉扩张，且为动脉性频谱血流信号。数字减影血管造影显示患眼侧脑实质血液灌注减少，颈内动脉扩张，海绵窦段可见瘘口位置。除1例硬脑膜海绵窦瘘患者放弃治疗外，其余患者接受了可脱球囊或微弹簧丝血管内栓塞治疗。术后所有患者眼球突出程度较术前减小，结膜水肿明显减轻或消失，眼球运动正常或眼球运动障碍明显缓解，有视力轻度下降的4例患者视力恢复至发病前水平。随访3～24个月，患者均未再出现上述临床症状。结论：眼球突出，球结膜血管充血、怒张是颈内动脉海绵窦瘘及硬脑膜海绵窦瘘患者常见的眼部表现。结合影像学检查有利于早期诊断，而血管内栓塞创伤性小、效果可靠，是治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘及硬脑膜海绵窦瘘的有效方法。     

超选择性全脑血管造影及栓塞治疗外伤性顽固鼻腔大出血

目的：探讨外伤性顽固性鼻腔大出血行超选择性全脑血管造影及血管内栓塞治疗临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析34例患者全脑血管造影与超选择性血管内栓塞治疗的资料。结果：27例颈外动脉分支出血,其中1例蝶腭动脉伴副脑膜动脉同时破裂出血;7例发生颈内动脉海绵窦瘘;微导管超选择性靶血管插管后采用明胶海绵、PVA颗粒、弹簧圈、可脱性球囊等栓塞;2例再发鼻出血经填塞后缓解,其余一次栓塞止血成功;1例术后发生偏盲。结论：全脑血管造影是明确外伤性顽固鼻腔大出血责任血管的“金标准”,超选择性血管内栓塞是微侵袭、安全、有效的首选治疗方法。     

硬脑膜动静脉畸形9例

材料和方法硬脑膜动静脉畸形9例,其中纯硬脑膜动静脉畸形5例,软硬脑膜混合型动静脉畸形4例。男性6例,女性3例,年龄14～42岁,平均25岁。全部病例均行脑血管造影检查,其中5例行全脑血管造影,1例双侧颈总动脉造影,3例1侧颈总动脉造影,9例中有2例行超选择性颈内和颈外动脉造影。5例行CT检查。讨论1.分型:颅内动静脉畸形在血管造影上依其供血     

Direct percutaneous transorbital puncture under fluoroscopic guidance with a 3D skull reconstruction overlay for embolisation of intraorbital and cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas

Objective

To describe the direct percutaneous transorbital puncture technique for embolisation of the selected intraorbital and cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula, which failed to be treated by conventional endovascular techniques.

Methods

One case of intraorbital and five cases of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula were embolised through direct percutaneous transorbital puncture in 2012, and the clinical data were reviewed. Under fluoroscopic guidance with a three-dimensional (3D) skull reconstruction overlay, the cavernous sinus or ophthalmic vein was punctured via the superior orbital fissure. Then a microcatheter was inserted via the needle, and Onyx was injected to embolise the fistula with or without a combination of coils.

Results

Complete obliteration of the fistula was achieved in all six patients. After operation all the patients experienced transient swelling of the punctured orbit persisting for three to five days. No other complications occurred. Follow-up of six patients at three to six months showed resolution of their initial neuro-ophthalmological symptoms in five and left visual loss in one did not recover. Six months follow-up angiogram showed no recurrence of these fistulas.

Conclusion

Direct percutaneous transorbital puncture provides an option for the intraorbital and cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas, particularly when the conventional transvenous routes are inaccessible. Overlay of the 3D skull reconstruction can facilitate the precise puncture of the superior orbital fissure.     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘致2型糖尿病患者眼肌麻痹一例的诊治及文献复习

[目的]结合文献复习,提出海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘致2型糖尿病患者眼肌麻痹的临床诊断和治疗策略.[方法]回顾分析本院1例由于海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘致眼肌麻痹的2型糖尿病患者的临床资料.[结果]脑血管数字减影造影（DSA）显示＂左侧海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘＂,行＂颅内动静脉瘘栓塞术＂后患者上睑下垂症状及眼球运动逐渐改善.[结论]眼肌麻痹的病因复杂.对于糖尿病患者突发的颅神经受损,除了考虑糖尿病神经系统并发症外,还需排除其他颅内占位性病变及海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘可能,必要时可行影像学检查以明确病因.     

经眼上静脉插管栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的 探讨切开暴露眼上静脉插管介入栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的方法和疗效.方法 1996年6月至2006年6月经眼上静脉途径栓塞治疗复杂的CCF 32例,男女各16例.均以眼部症状就诊,其中9例为直接型CCF,都是经动脉途径球囊栓塞失败或复发的病例.23例为硬膜型CCF,有3例曾做过颈外动脉供血支的液体栓塞剂(NBCA)、线段或PVA颗粒的栓塞.手术在导管室采用全身麻醉,经眉切开解剖暴露眼上静脉穿刺插管进入海绵窦.栓塞材料有游离弹簧圈、电解脱弹簧圈、真丝线段、球囊和NBCA.结果 32例中完全栓塞占81.3%(26/32);残留岩下窦少量引流占12.5%(4/32);只闭塞了眼上静脉,其他引流仍有显影的占6.2%(2/32);眼部症状均有好转,没有死亡和永久性残疾.门诊随访22例,平均3.5年,没有临床症状复发.结论 切开解剖暴露眼上静脉的技术简单,经眼上静脉插管进入海绵窦的路径短直,可用包括球囊在内的多种栓塞材料填塞海绵窦.对于复杂的CCF采用眼上静脉途径栓塞是安全有效的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of endovascular embolotherapy treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas(CCF) via superior ophthalmic vein(SOV).Methods From June 1996 to June 2006,a total of 32 patients(16 female) with complex CCF underwent endovascular embolotherapy treatment through the SOV.All of the patients visited doctor due to ocular signs and symptoms.Nine patients with direct CCF had previously undergone partial arterial balloons embolotherapy.The other 23 patients were hard mater CCF,and of which 3 had underwent NBCA,embolotherapy with line section or PVA particle.In the angiographic suite all patients underwent general anesthesia,SOV was catheterized through the eyebrow incision.Cavernous sinus was packed with free coils,detachable coils or balloons and NBCA.Results Complete embolism of the arteriovenous shunt was achieved in 81.3%(26/32).A minor residual shunt(without cortical or ocular drainage) remained in 12.5%(4/32).Only SOV was occluded in 6.2%(2/32).All patients were clinical improvement without complications.No death and permanent disability occurred.No recurrence was observed during follow-up of mean time of 3.5 years in 22 outpatients.Conclusion The operative approach to SOV is straightforward and several kind of embolic materials can be used to embolize the cavernous sinus.Endovascular occlusion of cavernous sinus through the SOV is an efficient and safe treatment in CCF.     

Diagnosis of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas by carotid duplex sonography.

OBJECTIVE: To validate carotid duplex sonography (CDS) in diagnosis of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) against the standard of cerebral catheter angiography. METHODS: We investigated 35 patients with dural AVFs and 64 patients without dural AVFs confirmed by the catheter angiographic studies. Twenty CDS parameters in 4 categories, including resistive index (RI), flow volume, peak systolic velocity, and end-diastolic velocity, were evaluated. Abnormal CDS findings were defined as the data above 95th percentile or below 5th percentile values from 180 control subjects. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy in each CDS parameter. RESULTS: The parameter of RI of the external carotid artery (ECA; cutoff points: right, 0.72; left, 0.71) yielded the highest sensitivity (74%), specificity (89%), positive predictive value (79%), negative predictive value (86%), and accuracy (84%) for predicting dural AVFs. All other ECA-related parameters yielded sensitivity lower than 70%, and those related to the internal carotid artery were lower than 30%. The sensitivity values for the parameter of RI of the ECA in different locations of dural AVFs were 54% (7 of 13 patients) in cavernous sinus dural AVFs and 86% (19 of 22 patients) in non-cavernous sinus dural AVFs (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: The RI of the ECA is the best CDS parameter for predicting intracranial dural AVFs. Carotid duplex sonography can be used as the initial screening tool for diagnosis in patients having symptoms related to dural AVFs.     

脊髓血管畸形的DSA分析及血管内栓塞治疗

目的：评价血管造影对脊髓血管畸形的诊断及栓塞治疗价值。方法：16例脊髓血管畸形病人做了选择性脊髓血管造影检查，确诊后进行血管内栓塞治疗。结果：根据DSA显示的异常血管的部位、形态、分布和供血动脉及引流静脉情况将其分为三型：髓内动静脉畸形4例；髓周动静脉瘘4例；硬脊膜动静脉瘘8例。栓塞治疗后，13例获得较满意效果，2例无变化。在2个月至3年的随访期间，13例临床症状有改善。结论：脊髓血管造影是诊断脊髓血管畸形的可靠依据，可清晰显示畸形血管及供血动脉和引流静脉。栓塞治疗是一种创伤小、并发症少的方法。     

颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的经血管内栓塞治疗

目的:评价颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)经血管内栓塞治疗的方法及价值。材料和方法:分析14例经血管内介入治疗的颈内动脉海绵窦瘘病例,以带毛弹簧栓、可脱球囊或电解可脱弹簧栓(Guglielmi Detachable Coil,GDC)经动脉或静脉途径栓塞瘘口。6例采用带毛弹簧栓,共54个,其中1例同时经眼静脉穿刺逆行栓塞海绵窦。7例采用球囊栓塞,1例因为瘘口小无法放置弹簧栓和球囊而采用GDC栓塞。结果:本组中13例CCF瘘口完全堵塞,其中4例同时堵塞颈内动脉,患者症状消失。1例已有6年病史的CCF颈内动脉参与大脑供血无法栓塞,经栓塞与海绵窦相通的颈外动脉后,又经眼静脉栓塞海绵窦致瘘口明显缩小。结论:经动脉内以球囊、弹簧栓或GDC栓塞是治疗CCF的有效方法,其中以球囊栓塞操作安全简便为首选材料。引流静脉粗大者逆行栓塞可以起补充作用。     

Visualization of bilateral carotid cavernous sinus fistulas with duplex sonography

Duplex sonography used as a primary diagnostic tool in the case of a 17-year-old boy with a traumatic head injury revealed bilateral carotid cavernous sinus fistulas, with bilateral dilated venous convolutions next to the carotid siphon and dilated superior ophthalmic veins. A bilateral craniectomy allowed visualization of the entire circle of Willis together with the dilated cavernous sinuses. Doppler spectral analysis of blood flow in the arterialized superior ophthalmic veins revealed an arterialized venous pattern with retrograde and increased blood flow. The same blood flow profile was found in the venous cavernous sinuses. These findings were confirmed by digital subtraction angiography. We planned to perform embolization of the patient's fistulas, but intracranial and subarachnoid hemorrhaging developed, and the patient died the day before the procedure was to have been performed. The entire pathologic state of carotid cavernous sinus fistulas, from their origin beside the carotid siphon to the superior ophthalmic veins, can be visualized with duplex sonography, particularly when patients have undergone craniectomy. We believe that patients with frontal or basilar skull fracture should undergo duplex sonographic examination to detect carotid cavernous sinus fistulas.