社区获得性肺炎患者可溶性E选择素水平变化情况及其意义

目的 探讨社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia,CAP)患者可溶性E选择素(sE-选择素)水平变化情况及其意义。 方法 选择重症CAP患者50例作为重症肺炎组、非重症CAP患者50例作为非重症肺炎组、健康体检者50例作为对照组,重症肺炎组分为多器官功能障碍组和非多器官功能障碍组。测定血清sE-选择素、C-反应蛋白、白细胞计数。 结果 血清sE-选择素、C-反应蛋白、白细胞计数在重症肺炎组、非重症肺炎组和对照组分别为(41.23±10.78) ng/ml、(85.47±21.14) ng/ml、(18.35±4.21)×109/L;(13.25±3.84) ng/ml、(43.25±12.15) ng/ml、(12.01±2.87)×109/L;(5.64±1.42) ng/ml、(2.12±0.89) ng/ml、(6.57±2.02)×109/L,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清sE-选择素在多器官功能障碍组和非多器官功能障碍组分别为(53.14±12.53) ng/ml和(37.28±8.21) ng/ml,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重症肺炎组患者治疗前和治疗后血清sE-选择素、C-反应蛋白、白细胞计数分别为(41.23±10.78) ng/ml、(85.47±21.14) ng/ml、(18.35±4.21)×109/L;(18.74±5.84) ng/ml、(12.96±5.12) ng/ml、(8.83±2.52)×109/L,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非重症肺炎组治疗前和治疗后血清sE-选择素、C-反应蛋白、白细胞计数分别为(13.25±3.84) ng/ml、(43.25±12.15) ng/ml、(12.01±2.87)×109/L;(9.13±1.56) ng/ml、(9.16±2.04) ng/ml、(6.85±2.31)×109/L,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺炎患者血清sE-选择素与C-反应蛋白、白细胞计数均呈正相关(P<0.05)。 结论 CAP患者血清sE-选择素水平升高,sE-选择素水平与CAP的严重程度及治疗效果有关。      

瘦素与肿瘤坏死因子在妊娠高血压综合征发病中的关系

目的探讨瘦素和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)在妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)发病中相互关系。方法采用放射免疫法测定34例妊高征患者(妊高征组)的外周血清瘦素及TNF-α水平,并以20例正常晚期妊娠妇女(正常妊娠组)为对照。将血清瘦素水平与TNF-α、肌酐、尿酸水平进行相关分析。结果(1)妊高征组血清瘦素水平为32.85±11.46ng/ml,明显高于正常妊娠组(18.92±3.03ng/ml,P<0.05);轻度妊高征组血清瘦素水平为21.98±4.83ng/ml,与正常妊娠组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);中、重度妊高征患者血清瘦素水平分别31.13±5.18ng/ml,41.84±10.90ng/ml,与轻度妊高征及妊娠正常组比较,差异显著(P均<0.05);轻、中、重度妊高征患者之间血清瘦素水平差异明显(P均<0.05)。妊高征患者的血清瘦素水平与肌酐、尿酸正相关(r分别为0.46、0.59,P均<0.01)。(2)妊高征组血清TNF-α水平为22.65±11.48fmol/ml,明显高于正常妊娠组(9.21±2.14fmol/ml,P<0.05);轻度妊高征患者血清TNF-α水平为11.51±4.12fmol/ml,与正常妊娠组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);中、重度妊高征患者血清TNF-α水平分别为19.46±7.41fmol/ml和32.89±8.31fmol/ml,与轻度妊高征及正常妊娠组比较,差异均有显著性(P均<0.05);轻、中、重度妊高征患者之间血清TNF-α水平差异明显(P均<0.05)。(3)妊高征组血清瘦素水平与TNF-α水平呈正相关(r=0.56,P<0.01)。结论妊高征患者血清TNF-α水平增高可能是导致血清瘦素水平升高的原因之一。     

转化生长因子β1和肿瘤坏死因子α在门静脉高压症发病中的意义

目的研究转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)在门静脉高压症(门脉高压)发病中的作用。方法应用酶联免疫分析方法对50例门脉高压患者(其中20例伴腹水形成)、50例正常对照者进行TGFβ1和TNFα的检测。结果对照组血清TGFβ1和TNFα为12.32±3.29ng/ml,94.74±49.30pg/ml,门脉高压组分别为19.21±5.87ng/ml,140.85±53.47pg/ml(P<0.05);门脉高压伴腹水者为18.44±5.89ng/ml,167.34±38.62pg/ml,不伴腹水者为20.68±6.73ng/ml,101.54±28.24pg/ml,两者比较TGFβ1差异无显著性,而有腹水者TNFα高于无腹水者(P<0.05)。结论TGFβ1和TNFα水平升高在肝硬化门脉高压发病的病理生理机制中起作用。     

694例小儿急性呼吸道感染血清C-反应蛋白水平探讨

目的探讨C-反应蛋白(CRP)定量检测在鉴别小儿急性呼吸道感染病原体中的意义。方法采用胶乳增强免疫透射比浊法检测376例急性细菌性呼吸道感染患儿(细菌感染组)、318例急性病毒性呼吸道感染患儿(病毒感染组)的血清CRP水平,并与105例正常小儿进行对照。结果细菌感染组CRP水平为22.13±47.18 mg/L,病毒感染组CRP水平为5.01±4.07 mg/L,对照组CRP水平为4.17±3.14 mg/L,细菌感染组与对照组相比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),而病毒感染组与对照组相比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。康复前后细菌感染组CRP差异有显著性(P<0.01),而病毒感染组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论检测患儿CRP水平对鉴别急性细菌性呼吸道感染与急性病毒性呼吸道感染和抗生素疗效观察均具有重要价值,值得临床参考应用。     

血清降钙素原检测在儿科脑膜炎鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:观察降钙素原(PCT)在儿童病毒性脑膜炎和细菌性脑膜炎中变化情况。方法:采用免疫荧光法检测52例脑膜炎患儿血清PCT的浓度。结果:病毒性脑膜膜炎组PCT的值为(0.21±0.14)ng/ml,与正常对照组差异无显著性(P>0.05);细菌性脑膜膜炎组PCT的值为(5.25±3.01)ng/ml,升高明显,与正常对照组和病毒性脑膜炎组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:血清PCT对病毒性脑膜炎和细菌性脑膜炎的鉴别诊断有重要的参考价值。     

转化生长因子β1和肿瘤坏死因子α在门静脉高压症发病中的意义

目的　研究转化生长因子 β1 (TGFβ1 )和肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNFα)在门静脉高压症 (门脉高压 )发病中的作用。　方法　应用酶联免疫分析方法对 5 0例门脉高压患者 (其中 2 0例伴腹水形成 )、5 0例正常对照者进行TGFβ1 和 TNFα的检测。　结果　对照组血清 TGFβ1 和 TNFα为 12 .32± 3.2 9ng/ml,94.74± 49.30 pg/ml,门脉高压组分别为 19.2 1± 5 .87ng/ml,140 .85± 5 3.47pg/ml(P<0 .0 5 ) ;门脉高压伴腹水者为 18.44± 5 .89ng/m l,16 7.34± 38.6 2 pg/ml,不伴腹水者为 2 0 .6 8± 6 .73ng/ml,10 1.5 4± 2 8.2 4pg/m l,两者比较 TGFβ1 差异无显著性 ,而有腹水者 TNFα高于无腹水者 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　 TGFβ1 和 TNFα水平升高在肝硬化门脉高压发病的病理生理机制中起作用。     

脑梗死患者血清TGF—β1、IL—8水平测定及意义

目的探讨血清转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、白介素8(IL-8)与脑梗死患者炎症损害之间关系.方法采取双抗体夹心ELISA法检测56例脑梗死患者、34例体检正常者血清TGF-β1、IL-8水平.结果脑梗死组TGF-β1、IL-8水平分别为(56.8±19.5)ng/ml、(98.8±62.7)pg/ml,对照组分别为(32.4±13.6)ng/ml和(29.5±13.8)pg/ml,两组TGF-β1、IL-8差异均有显著性意义(t=6.41,3.08,均P＜0.01).脑梗死组梗死体积≥6ml者(26例)TGF-β1、IL-8分别为(63.7±15.6)ng/ml、(94.3±61.3)pg/ml,梗死体积＜6ml者(30例)则分别为(50.7±20.8)ng/ml、(102.7±64.6)pg/ml,两者比较TGF-β1差异有显著性意义(t=2.61,P＜0.05),IL-8差异无显著性意义(t=0.09,P＞0.05).结论脑梗死患者血清TGF-β1、IL-8均升高,TGF-β1与脑梗死体积大小可能有关.     

肿瘤坏死因子-α基因多态性在重症急性胰腺炎患者中的意义

目的　观察肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)基因启动子区域中 - 30 8基因多态性即TNF2及外周血浆TNF α、TNF受体浓度与重症急性胰腺炎 (ASP)及其并发症———严重脓毒症之间的关系。方法　本研究组包括 72例ASP患者和 74个正常人 ,采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)、NcoI消化及电泳技术检测其多态性。ASP患者血浆TNF α、可溶TNF受体 (sTNF RⅠ和sTNF RⅡ )浓度检测用EASIA法。结果　(1)TNF2出现的频率在ASP组为 2 1例 (2 9 2 % ) ,对照组为 19例 (2 5 7% ) ,两组差异无显著意义 (P>0 0 5 )。ASP组有 2 6例并发严重脓毒症 ,TNF2出现频率 12例 (46 2 % ) ;而无严重脓毒症组为 9例(19 6 % )。TNF2出现的频率在严重脓毒症组显著高于无并发严重脓毒症组 (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )在严重脓毒症组 ,血浆基础TNF α、sTNF RⅠ和sTNF RⅡ浓度分别为 36± 30 (ng/L)、5 4± 3 5、11 2± 7 9(μg/L) ,无并发严重脓毒症病人分别为 30± 2 5 (ng/L) ,4 6± 3 8、8 8± 6 6 (ng/L) ,两组比较差异均无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。 (3)重症胰腺炎患者中 ,TNF2组血浆基础TNF α浓度为 37± 31(ng/L) ,TNF1组为 31± 2 5 (ng/L) ,两组差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　TNF2与ASP的发生无关 ,但与其导致的严重脓毒症的易感性有关。血浆基础T     

灯盏细辛对急性脑梗死患者血浆内皮素及肿瘤坏死因子的影响及意义

目的探讨灯盏细辛对急性脑梗死患者血浆内皮素及肿瘤坏死因子的影响及意义。方法将70例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各35例,观察组给予灯盏细辛治疗。采用放免法分别测定两组患者治疗前及治疗14 d后血浆内皮素(ET-1)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的水平。结果观察组治疗前ET-1,TNF-α水平分别为(83.86±21.62)pg/ml,(1.07±0.41)ng/ml,治疗14 d后ET-1,TNF-α水平显著下降,分别为(52.32±16.35)pg/ml,(0.58±0.23)ng/ml,与治疗前相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01);而对照组下降无显著性(P>0.05)。结论灯盏细辛能使急性脑梗死患者的ET-1,TNF-α水平明显下降,可改善急性脑梗死患者的预后。     

自制灌注液在大鼠肝缺血再复流中的作用

目的 :研究自制灌注液在大鼠肝脏低温灌注再复流过程中对肝细胞和肝窦内皮细胞的影响。方法 :运用大鼠肝脏原位低温灌注再复流模型 ,行在体原位低温灌注 ,大鼠 10 2只。随机分成 4组 ,每组 2 4只 ,对照组 (C组 ) 2 4只仅行全肝血流阻断 2 0min ,余各组分别用 0℃乳酸林格氏液 (A组 )、0℃自制灌注液 (B组 )、0℃UW液(D组 )灌注 2 0min ,各组在恢复血流 0 ,30 ,12 0 ,72 0min分别处死 6只 ,取血液和肝脏检测。观察低温灌注及再复流后血清透明质酸 (HA)、TNF -α、ALT、AST和肝组织学变化。其余 6只SD大鼠 (S组 )作正常对照。结果 :C组再复流 30 ,12 0 ,72 0min血清HA浓度为 (12 6 .8± 2 0 .8)ng/ml、(2 5 0 .0± 2 4 .1)ng/ml、(2 90 .4± 37.0 )ng/ml,分别高于乳酸林格氏液灌注组 [(6 8.0± 11.6 )ng/ml、(14 2 .9± 30 .1)ng/ml、(2 0 0 .0± 17.5 )ng/ml]和自制灌注液灌注组 [(6 7.5± 6 .7)ng/ml,(6 3.3± 16 .2 )ng/ml,(6 2 .1± 14 .6 )ng/ml]及UW液组 [(6 6 .3± 8.8)ng/ml,(6 6 .6± 2 1.2 )ng/ml,(5 8.8± 11.0 )ng/ml],差异均有高度显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;自制灌注液灌注组与UW液灌注组血清HA浓度在再复流 30 ,12 0 ,72 0min均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。再复流 30、12 0min时C组血清TNF     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.