Effect of hydiphen on behavior and hemodynamic manifestations of emotional stress

Hydiphen is an original Soviet tranquilizer (diphenylphosphinylacetic acid hydrazide). In a dose of 120–150 mg/kg hydiphen restores the central baroreceptor reflex regulation of arterial pressure, when depressed in cats during an acute emotional-stress reaction (confrontation with a dog). The compound has an antihypertensive antiaggressive action, and does not induce ataxia. Behavior was investigated quantitatively in animals during group interaction, using a five-point system.Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Department of Pharmacology, First Leningrad Medical Institute. Department of Pharmacology, S. V. Kurashov Kazan' Medical Institute, Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 310–312, March, 1980.     

Thermal effect of interaction between ATP and relaxed and contracted glycerinized fibers

The heat production accompanying interaction between bundles of glycerinized fibers of rat striated muscles and ATP was measured. Interaction both of relaxed and of initially contracted bundles was investigated. The kinetic temperature curves show that during interaction between ATP and the uncontracted bundle a peak of thermal power is observed to coincide with the contraction process, whereas previously contracted fibers give no such effect. It is concluded that the level of ATPase activity is directly dependent on the conformation of the actomyosin system.Deceased.S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Leningrad. Georgian Center for Medical Biophysics, Tbilisi. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR I. I. Ivanov [deceased].) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 292–294, September, 1977.     

Fluorimetric determination of histamine and serotonin in mast cells of normal and germfree rats treated with reserpine and cyclic AMP

The content of histamine (by the reaction with orthophthalic aldehyde) and serotonin (by Falk's reaction) in mesenteric mast cells of normal and germfree rats was determined microspectrometrically. Reserpine (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly) was shown not to change the histamine content, whereas the serotonin content was reduced by 50%. Injection of cyclic AMP (3.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) caused the serotonin content to be increased by 80% and the histamine content by 280–320%.Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Research Laboratory of Experimental Biological Models, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny. Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 175–177, February, 1977.     

Synthesis of α-fetoprotein and albumin by human embryonic hepatocytes

Population aspects of the production of specific secreted proteins (serum albumin and -fetoprotein) were studied in cultures of hepatocytes from human embryos at 6–12 weeks of development. A method based on local hemolysis in gel using sheep's erythrocytes conjugated with antibodies against the proteins for testing, was used. The overwhelming majority of hepatocytes were shownto synthesize both proteins.Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Diagnosis of Tumors, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of, Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented, by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR L.M. Shabad.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 6, pp. 711–713, June, 1977.     

Integration of tissue-specific inhibitors and thyroid hormones in regulation of epithelial cell proliferation in gastric glands

Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Lugansk Medical Institute. Laboratory of Cell Biology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. A. Romanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 7, pp. 94–96, July, 1991.     

Intensity of synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol in the brain and spinal cord of rabbits with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in rabbits by inoculation of homologous spinal cord myelin. In the terminal state of the disease acetate-2-C¹⁴ was injected in a dose of 50 Ci/100 g body weight and the animals were killed 2 h later. The intensity of synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol was greatly reduced in EAE not only in the lumbar region of the spinal cord, where the injury to myelin was greatest, but also in the brain stem, where demyelinization was absent.Department of Biochemistry, I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute. Laboratory of Pathology of the Nervous System, Research Institute of Éxperimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. S. Il'in.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 291–293, March, 1976.     

Development of traumatic shock accompanied by increased activity of polyspecific antibodies reacting with DNA and endotoxins

Department of Radiation Biochemistry, Research Institute of Medical Radiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Obninsk. Central Research Laboratory, Rostov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Nasonova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 5, pp. 538–539, May, 1991.     

Changes in the number of antibody-forming and stem cells in the spleen of unilaterally nephrectomized mice

A suspension of spleen cells from intact and unilaterally nephrectomized mice, obtained in the latter case 19–21 h after the operation, was injected into lethally irradiated (CBA×C57BL/6) F₁ mice 24 h after irradiation. On the 8th day after injection of the cells the number of colony-forming and plaque-forming cells in the spleen of the irradiated recipients was determined. To determine the number of plaque-forming cells, a mixture of spleen cells and sheep's red cells was injected into the irradiated recipients. The number of colonies in the recipients' spleen 19–21 h after the operation either was unchanged or was significantly reduced. Stimulation of the production of antibody-forming cells was observed at these same times, and it coincided in time with the period of manifestation of the ability of the splenic lymphoid cells of the unilaterally nephrectomized mice to induce proliferation in the kidney of the intact recipients.Laboratory of Experimental Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 78, No. 9, pp. 69–72, September, 1974.     

Fertilization and cleavage of the human ovumin vitro

A method of cultivating and fertilizing human ova obtained from ovaries removed at operation is described. A special method of sampling active spermatozoa was used for fertilization. Zygote formation was observed 24–36 h after fertilization of the ripe ova, an embryo of the two-cell stage was formed after 36–40 h, and an embryo at the four-cell stage after 48 h. The number of blastomeres reached 8 after 60–64 h, and after approximately 100–120 h the embryos reached the morula stage. The results provide wide scope for the study of the physiology and pathology of early human embryonic development.Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. G. Baranov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 375–377, March, 1976.     

Effect of folic acid and methotrexate on reproduction of Rauscher leukemia virus

Folic acid was found to stimulate and its structural analog methotrexate was found to inhibit the reproduction of an oncogenic RNA-containing virus in tissue culture.D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. M. Zhdanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 85–86, July, 1974.     

Effect of mechanical injury to bone marrow in irradiated mice on dispersion of endogenous colony-forming units

The femur was fractured in mice irradiated in a dose of 600 R and the fragments united by a metal pin. Under these conditions, when part of the bone marrow was destroyed, the number of endogenous colonies in the spleen was increased.Department of General Radiology, Institute of Medical Radiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Obninsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. A. Zedgenidze.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 70–72, January, 1976.     

Interaction between nonachlazine and noradrenalin on a model phospholipid membrane

The binding of nonachlazine (NON), imipramine (IMI), and noradrenalin (NA) with model phospholipid membrane vesicles (liposomes) was investigated. Binding was determined by the quenching effect of these substances on a 3-methoxybenzanthrone (MBA) fluorescent probe present in the membrane. The method of calculating the parameters of binding of the substances with the membrane based on a change in intensity of fluorescence of MBA was developed. The binding constants of NON, IMI, and NA, with the membrane were (4.3±10.3)·10³ M^–1, (2.7±0.2)·10³ M^–1, and (0.7±0.15)·10³ M^–1 respectively. NON and IMI were shown to be able to compete with NA for the binding sites. These competitive interactions can be regarded as the probable mechanism of the blocking of reverse NA transport through the axonal and vesicular membranes characteristic of NON and IMI.Laboratory of Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Department of Biophysics, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 9, pp. 1084–1086, September, 1976.     

Phospholipids and cholesterol of the brain and spinal cord of guinea pigs poisoned with tricresyl phosphate

The content of phospholipids and of total, free, and esterified cholesterol in the brain and spinal cord of guinea pigs with severe neuroparalytic signs of poisoning caused by intradermal injection of tricresyl phosphate (TCP) was investigated. No change was found in the content of phospholipids and total cholesterol in either the brain or the spinal cord, but accumulation of cholesterol esters—the characteristic degradation products of myelin sheaths-was observed.Department of Biochemistry, First Leningrad Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. N. Klimov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 297–299, September, 1977.     

Effect of melatonin and pinealectomy on brain electrical activity of rats at different times of day

Department of Pharmacology, Stavropol' Medical Institute Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow (Presented by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences G. N. Kryzhanovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 9, pp 286–288, September, 1992.     

The use of thermostable antigens of malignant rat tumors in serologic and cellular tests

High specificity of thermostable antigens of tumors of rat muscle tissue induced by dimethylbenzanthracene was demonstrated in the gel precipitation test. The use of thermostable tumor antigens increases the sensitivity and specificity of the macrophage adhesion inhibition test.Scientific-Research Laboratory of Experimental Immunobiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 8, pp. 199–202, August, 1979.     

Physicochemical changes in DNA and DNP induced by potassium cyanate

The effect of KNCO on the structural integrity of salt solutions of DNP was investigated. The use of sedimentation, viscosimetric, and circular dichroism methods showed that KNCO does not cause degradation of the polynucleotide strands of DNA but it weakens the bond between DNA and proteinLaboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Sector of Kinetics of Chemical and Biological Processes, Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Physical Methods of Investigation, D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. S. Debov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 425–427, April, 1976.     

Ability of cells of the regenerating spleen to effect the graft versus host reaction

The ability of cells of the regenerating (after single or twice repeated resection) and intact spleen of mice to induce the graft versus host reaction was studied by two methods. The regenerating spleen was shown to be less capable than the intact of bringing about this reaction.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. I. M. Sechenov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 373–374, March, 1976.     

Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological properties of etmozin and its diethylamino analog

The effect of the antiarrthymic drug etmozin and its diethylamino analog (DAA-etmozin) was compared in dogs with ventricular arrhythmias caused by ligation of the coronary artery. Both compounds were shown to abolish ventricular arrhythmias. However, DAA-etmozin had a more rapid and prolonged action. The electrophysiological properties of etmozin and DAA-etmozin were studied by the voltage clamp method on frog atrial trabeculae. Both compounds were shown to reduce the fast inward sodium current; DAA-etmozin had a stronger and more prolonged action.Laboratory of Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Heart, All-Union Cardiologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byullten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 243–247, March, 1979.     

Appearance of an adjuvant-like factor in the serum of rats after unilateral and bilateral nephrectomy

A factor capable of stimulating the immune response to heterologous red blood cells in syngeneic recipients was shown to be present in the serum of rats after unilateral and bilateral nephrectomy. This factor is similar in its adjuvant activity to the factor appearing in the serum after partial hepatectomy.Kursk Medical Institute. Laboratory for Transplantation of Organs and Tissues, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Kovanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 8, pp. 173–174, August, 1979.     

Pharmacokinetics of antipyrin,nifedipine, and diazepam in experimental myocardial infarction

Novosibirsk Medical Institute. Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences. (Presented by Academician Yu. I. Borodin, Academy of Medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 381–383, April, 1992.