马利兰+氟达拉滨预处理异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床研究

目的:探讨马利兰+氟达拉滨（Bu/Flu）预处理方案异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床疗效。方法:30例患者中,急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL)12例,急性髓系白血病（AML）12例,其中1例为MDS转化,慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）6例;其中急性白血病未缓解或复发状态下移植6例,CML加速期患者1例。供者干细胞为G-CSF动员后采集的HLA配型全相合或一个位点不合的同胞（21例）或非血缘（9例）外周血造血干细胞,有1例成人ALL患者接受HLA配型相合的双份脐带血移植。预处理方案包括:注射用马利兰3.2mg/(kg·d)×3-4d,氟达拉滨30mg/(m2·d)×4-6d,同胞不全相合和非血缘移植患者加用兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白（ATG）2.5mg/(kg·d)×3d。输注外周血单个核细胞数7.73（0.36-16.0）×108/kg,CD34+造血干细胞数3.26（0.77-17.6）×106/kg。用环孢素+短疗程甲氨喋呤或环孢素+吗替麦考酚酯预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。采用DNA短串联重复序列多态性（STR）分析方法鉴定供者干细胞植入情况。结果:29例患者重建造血,检测外周血白细胞STR-DNA证实均为100%完全供者植入,1例非血缘全相合患者未植入于短期内死亡外,其余患者为完全供者型,植入率为96.7%。血缘相关HSCT和非血缘相关HSCT白细胞植活的中位时间分别为11（8-17）d和13(9-15)d;血小板植活的中位时间分别为13（7-22）d和14(8-25)d。出现急性GVHD 14例,占46.7%,其中I-II度10例（33.3%）,III-IV度者4例（13.3%）;6例发生慢性局限性GVHD,发生率为20.0%。随访1-66个月（中位时间20个月）,总体生存率（OS）为63.3%,无事件生存率（DFS）为51.7%。结论:Bu/Flu预处理方案移植治疗白血病相关并发症轻,有很好耐受性和较好疗效,是值得推广应用的预处理方案。     

马利兰﹢氟达拉滨预处理异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床研究

目的：探讨马利兰﹢氟达拉滨（ Bu/Flu）预处理方案异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的临床疗效。方法：30例患者中,急性淋巴细胞白血病（ ALL）12例,急性髓系白血病（ AML）12例,其中1例为MDS转化,慢性粒细胞白血病（ CML）6例;其中急性白血病未缓解或复发状态下移植6例,CML加速期患者1例。供者干细胞为G-CSF动员后采集的HLA配型全相合或一个位点不合的同胞（21例）或非血缘（9例）外周血造血干细胞,有1例成人ALL患者接受HLA 配型相合的双份脐带血移植。预处理方案包括：注射用马利兰3.2mg/（kg·d）×3-4d,氟达拉滨30mg/（m2·d）×4-6d,同胞不全相合和非血缘移植患者加用兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白（ATG）2.5mg/（kg·d）×3d。输注外周血单个核细胞数7.73（0.36-16.0）×108/kg,CD34﹢造血干细胞数3.26（0.77-17.6）×106/kg。用环孢素﹢短疗程甲氨喋呤或环孢素﹢吗替麦考酚酯预防移植物抗宿主病（ GVHD）。采用DNA短串联重复序列多态性（ STR）分析方法鉴定供者干细胞植入情况。结果：29例患者重建造血,检测外周血白细胞STR-DNA证实均为100％完全供者植入,1例非血缘全相合患者未植入于短期内死亡外,其余患者为完全供者型,植入率为96.7％。血缘相关HSCT和非血缘相关HSCT白细胞植活的中位时间分别为11（8-17）d和13（9-15）d;血小板植活的中位时间分别为13（7-22）d和14（8-25）d。出现急性GVHD 14例,占46.7％,其中I-II度10例（33.3％）,III-IV度者4例（13.3％）;6例发生慢性局限性GVHD,发生率为20.0％。随访1-66个月（中位时间20个月）,总体生存率（ OS）为63.3％,无事件生存率（ DFS）为51.7％。结论：Bu/Flu预处理方案移植治疗白血病相关并发症轻,有很好耐受性和较好疗效,是值得推广应用的预处理方案。     

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following reduced‐intensity conditioning for mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome

Advanced‐stage mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome (MF/SS) have a poor prognosis. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly using a reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen, is a promising treatment for advanced‐stage MF/SS. We performed RIC‐HSCT in nine patients with advanced MF/SS. With a median follow‐up period of 954 days after HSCT, the estimated 3‐year overall survival was 85.7% (95% confidence interval, 33.4–97.9%) with no non‐relapse mortality. Five patients relapsed after RIC‐HSCT; however, in four patients whose relapse was detected only from the skin, persistent complete response was achieved in one patient, and the disease was manageable in other three patients by the tapering of immunosuppressants and donor lymphocyte infusion, suggesting that graft‐versus‐lymphoma effect and ‘down‐staging’ effect from advanced stage to early stage by HSCT improve the prognosis of advanced‐stage MF/SS. These results suggest that RIC‐HSCT is an effective treatment for advanced MF/SS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for metastatic renal carcinoma in Europe.

BACKGROUND: An allogeneic antitumour effect has been reported for various cancers. We evaluated the experience of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 124 patients from 21 European centres. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Reduced intensity conditioning and peripheral blood stem cells from an HLA-identical sibling (n = 106), a mismatched related (n = 5), or an unrelated (n = 13) donor were used. Immunosuppression was cyclosporine alone, or combined with methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil. Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) were given to 42 patients. The median follow-up was 15 (range 3-41) months. RESULTS: All but three patients engrafted. The cumulative incidence of moderate to severe, grades II-IV acute GVHD was 40% and for chronic GVHD it was 33%. Transplant-related mortality was 16% at one year. Complete (n = 4) or partial (n = 24) responses, median 150 (range 42-600) days post-transplant, were associated with time from diagnosis to HSCT, mismatched donor and acute GVHD II-IV. Factors associated with survival included chronic GVHD (hazards ratio, HR 4.12, P < 0.001), DLI (HR 3.39, P < 0.001), <3 metastatic sites (HR 2.61, P = 0.002) and a Karnofsky score >70 (HR 2.33, P = 0.03). Patients (n = 17) with chronic GVHD and given DLI had a 2-year survival of 70%. CONCLUSION: Patients with metastatic RCC, less than three metastatic locations and a Karnofsky score >70% can be considered for HSCT. Posttransplant DLI and limited chronic GVHD improved the patient survival.     

Allogenic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation with reduced‐intensity conditioning in patients with refractory and recurrent multiple myeloma

BACKGROUND:

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) with myeloablative conditioning is potentially curative therapy for myeloma, but is reportedly associated with a high risk of nonrecurrence mortality (NRM). Reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) allows for the reduction of NRM, but the recurrence rate is increased. The role and timing of allogeneic SCT in the disease course remains controversial. To the authors' knowledge, there are limited data regarding the long‐term outcome of RIC in the recurrent/refractory setting.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis was conducted of SCT outcomes in 50 patients who received RIC for recurrent/refractory myeloma between the years 2001 and 2004. All patients were given fludarabine‐melphalan based conditioning and stem cell grafts from a related (n = 27) or unrelated donor (n = 23).

RESULTS:

The median age was 53 years. Forty‐seven patients failed a prior autologous SCT. Thirty patients were in disease remission at the time of SCT and 20 had stable or progressive disease. With a median follow‐up of 6.4 years (range, 5‐7.9 years), the overall and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 34% and 26%, respectively. The NRM rate was 26%. Adverse prognostic factors for survival included SCT not in remission, long duration of disease (>5 years from diagnosis), and transplantation from a female donor to a male recipient. The 7‐year PFS in 19 patients with none of these adverse prognostic factors was 47%. Chronic graft versus host disease and the achievement of complete remission after SCT were associated with improved outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:

Allogeneic SCT can result in long‐term PFS in a subset of myeloma patients who fail prior therapy and should be considered early after failure and after achieving remission. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗复发难治性淋巴瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗复发难治性淋巴瘤的疗效和安全性.方法 北京军区总医院血液科2007年1月至2012年1月应用allo-HSCT共治疗7例复发难治性淋巴瘤患者,其中男4例,女3例,年龄18～ 48岁,平均年龄33.7岁.原发病为非霍奇金淋巴瘤6例,其中弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)2例,T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(T-LL)1例,皮肤结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(ENKTCL-N)1例,肝脾T细胞淋巴瘤(HSTCL)1例,伯基特淋巴瘤(BL)1例;霍奇金淋巴瘤1例,为混合细胞型.首次复发4例,2次及以上复发2例,原发难治1例;自体移植后复发2例(均为2次及以上复发者);移植时有3例缓解,4例未取得缓解.供受者HLA全相合3例,HLA不全相合4例,采用骨髓加外周血干细胞联合移植,预处理均采用氟达拉滨替代环磷酰胺(Cy)的改良白消安(Bu)+Cy方案,移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的预防采用经典环孢素(CsA)和甲氨蝶呤(MTX),移植后观察患者并发症和无病生存等情况.结果 6例患者能较好耐受预处理方案,均获造血重建,植入证据检测证实100％为完全供者造血,1例预处理后死亡.全部患者中位随访29.6个月(1～70个月).共5例发生急性GVHD,4例发生慢性GVHD;死亡2例(因感染死亡1例、复发死亡1例),其余5例患者无病生存,无病生存率为71.4％,最长无病生存时间已达70个月.结论 allo-HSCT治疗复发难治性淋巴瘤安全有效,可作为挽救治疗的关键技术,可在临床广泛开展.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)治疗白血病的疗效、造血重建及生存情况.方法白血病患者10例,其中同胞间HLA相合的异基因外周血干细胞移植(Allo-PBSCT)7例,无亲缘关系HLA不全相合脐血移植(UCBT)3例.结果9/10例受者获造血重建,UCBT患者造血重建速度较HLA相合的同胞PBSCT慢,1例UCBT移植后35天造血未重建,回输自体外周血干细胞后,仍未能重建造血,于72天死亡.其余至今均无病生存.结论Allo-HSCT是目前治愈白血病的有效方法,对于无同胞HLA相合的供者,选择细胞数量较高、HLA 1～2个位点不合的UCBT仍然有效可行.     

Correlation of pretransplant and early post‐transplant response assessment with outcomes after reduced‐intensity allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma

BACKGROUND:

Chemotherapy sensitivity, defined simply as at least a partial response to chemotherapy, is an important outcome predictor for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients undergoing reduced‐intensity allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). The authors hypothesized that further differentiation of chemotherapy sensitivity by specific response, complete remission (CR) versus partial remission (PR) versus stable disease (SD) versus progression of disease (PD), correlates with post‐transplant outcomes.

METHODS:

The impact of pretransplant and early (28 days) post‐transplant disease response on transplant outcomes was analyzed in 63 NHL patients treated with reduced‐intensity allo‐HCT.

RESULTS:

The 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) (median potential follow‐up after reduced‐intensity allo‐HCT = 58 months) for all patients was 37% and 47%, respectively. The 3‐year EFS based on pretransplant response was: CR = 50%; PR = 66%; SD = 18%; no patient with PD pretransplant reached 3‐year follow‐up. The 3‐year OS based on pretransplant response was: CR = 63%; PR = 69%; SD = 45%. The 3‐year EFS based on post‐transplant response was: CR = 57%; PR = 32%; SD = 33%; no patient with PD post‐transplant reached 3‐year follow‐up. The 3‐year OS based on post‐transplant response was: CR = 65%; PR = 43%; SD = 50%. In multivariate analyses, pretransplant response was the best predictor of EFS (P < .0001). Pretransplant response (P < .0001) and age (P = .0035) were jointly associated with OS.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data suggest that NHL patients with pretransplant SD, generally considered inappropriate candidates, may benefit from reduced‐intensity allo‐HCT, and patients with pretransplant PD should only receive this therapy in clinical trials. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

Treatment with mogamulizumab or lenalidomide for relapsed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: The Nagasaki transplant group experience

Mogamulizumab (Mog) and lenalidomide (Len) are new therapeutic candidates for relapsed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed 12 patients who received Mog or Len monotherapy for relapsed ATL after allo-HSCT. Eight and three patients received Mog and Len, respectively. The remaining patient received Mog for the first relapse and Len for the third relapse. A complete response was achieved by three and two patients who received Mog and Len, respectively, two and one of whom remained alive with a complete response for more than 20 months. In terms of adverse events, the emergence or progression of graft-versus-host disease was observed in three out of four patients treated with Len and in none of the patients treated with Mog. The development or progression of cytomegalovirus reactivation was detected in four out of eight patients treated with Mog and in none of those treated with Len. The present results suggest that Mog and Len would be promising treatment options for relapsed ATL after allo-HSCT and need to be selected based on adverse event profiles.     

Brentuximab vedotin followed by allogeneic transplantation as salvage regimen in patients with relapsed and/or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma

Patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (RR‐HL) have poor outcomes. Brentuximab vedotin (BV), an antibody–drug conjugate comprising an anti‐CD30 antibody conjugated to the potent anti‐microtubule agent, monomethyl auristatin E, induces high tumour responses with moderate adverse effects. In a retrospective study, we describe objective response rates and subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) in patients with RR‐HL treated by BV in a named patient program in two French institutions. Twenty‐four adult patients with histologically proven CD30⁺ RR‐HL treated with BV were included from July 2009 to November 2012. Response to BV treatment was evaluated after four cycles. Eleven patients were in complete response (45.8%), while five patients were in partial response (20.8%), with an overall response rate of 66.6%. Eight patients failed to respond to BV (33.3%). All of the responding patients could receive consolidation treatment after BV: three patients underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (auto‐SCT), three patients received a tandem auto‐SCT/allo‐SCT, nine patients received allo‐SCT and one patient was treated with donor lymphocyte infusion. We found no treatment‐related mortality at day 100 among the 12 patients who underwent BV following by allogeneic transplantation. With a median follow‐up of 20 months (range 10.5–43.2), none of them relapsed or died. BV followed by allo‐SCT represents an effective salvage regimen in patients with RR‐HL. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

减低强度预处理的异基因造血干细胞移植拯救性治疗难治性白血病

 讨论减低强度预处理的异基因造血干细胞移植（RIC-HSCT）治疗难治性白血病的治疗时机和病例选择、预处理方案设计、移植后嵌合状态监测、移植物抗宿主病等问题。已经有越来越多的学者认为,对于难治性白血病患者,不应以牺牲患者的整体状况为代价,强求在完全缓解状态下进行造血干细胞移植。RIC-HSCT的本质属于一种过继性免疫治疗,所以必须考虑到免疫攻击的靶点和免疫反应的潜伏期。相对缺乏免疫攻击靶点和生长过快的肿瘤可能难以用RIC-HSCT控制。RIC-HSCT目前并无统一的预处理方案,但是对于难治复发白血病患者,预处理剂量的强度起着十分重要的作用,很多研究者采用了介于"非清髓"的剂量标准和传统清髓方案之间的剂量。RIC-HSCT早期往往难以达到完全供者嵌合。稳定的完全供者嵌合状态以发挥移植物抗白血病（GVL）效应清除微小残留病变,是确保患者长期生存的关键,故建议对于采用RIC-HSCT的患者,应当采用敏感的方法（如聚合酶链反应检测短串联重复序列,PCR-STR）更频繁的（2～4周）监测移植后嵌合状态,并应当对特异的细胞系列进行检测（如T细胞）。同传统移植相比,RIC-HSCT时急性和慢性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的发生率是相似的。GVHD的发生同GVL效应有相关性,早期减、停免疫抑制剂和供者淋巴细胞输注,可以促进向完全供者嵌合状态的转化,可能对于预防未缓解期行RIC-HSCT的白血病患者复发有一定益处,但最大的并发症就是诱发GVHD。     

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have in general, lower response rates and overall survival (OS) than those with other B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in MCL is unclear. Hence we decided to study the clinical course of patients who received autologous and allogeneic HSCT for MCL. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients, (80 patients-autologous; 17 patients-allogeneic) who received a HSCT for mantle cell lymphoma were included in the study. RESULTS: The complete response rates at day 100 between the two groups were similar (73% vs. 62%). Day-100 mortality was higher in the allogeneic HSCT group (19% vs. 0%) (P < 0.01). The estimated 5-year relapse rates, 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and 5-year OS among the allogeneic HSCT patients were 21%, 44% and 49%, respectively, similar to 56%, 39% and 47% in the autologous group. Ten patients received HyperCVAD (hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone + high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine) +/- rituximab prior to transplant. There have been no relapses or deaths amongst these patients at a median follow-up of 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with allogeneic HSCT had a lower relapse rate, but similar EFS and OS to autologous HSCT. Treatment of MCL with HyperCVAD +/- rituximab followed by HSCT seems promising.     

Long-term remission of primary refractory ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) has a favorable prognosis in general; however, some cases are resistant to chemotherapy, which leads to a poor clinical outcome. We herein report the case of a 32-year-old male with aggressive ALK+ ALCL who presented with hemorrhage from a large tumor in the duodenum and multiple tumors in the lungs, mediastinum, and peritoneal cavity. Although induction chemotherapy resulted in a marked reduction of the tumor lesions, premature progression with massive pulmonary infiltration and central nervous system invasion occurred immediately after the completion of chemotherapy. The patient was then promptly treated with brentuximab vedotin (BV) and high-dose methotrexate, which resulted in complete remission. Subsequently, he successfully underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from an unrelated donor and has been healthy and did not relapse for more than 3 years after transplantation without any additional therapy. Allo-HSCT may be a promising treatment option for ALK+ ALCL due to its graft-versus-lymphoma effect. In addition, molecular targeting agents, such as BV, may be promising as a bridging therapy before allo-HSCT to achieve disease remission.     

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease

Certain poor-prognosis patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease, usually with recurrent and/or refractory disease, are rarely curable with standard chemoradiotherapy. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been shown to result in improved long-term disease-free survival in some of these patients. Unfortunately, a number of patients are not suitable for autologous transplantation due to a damaged stem cell pool involvement or other disease processes of the marrow. These patients may benefit from allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In addition to the therapeutic effect of high-dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation, an immunologic [i.e. graft-versus-lymphoma (GVLym)] effect may be present in some patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation, resulting in a lower relapse rate than autotransplants. However, allografts are almost always associated with a higher non-relapse mortality due primarily to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); unfortunately, GVHD and GVLym are difficult to separate. Thus, full exploitation of this GVLym effect may require the modification of commonly used conditioning regimens; if successful, these modifications may allow an additional decrement in the incidence of relapse without additional morbidity. Also, when combined with lesser intensity conditioning, such may permit patients who otherwise would not be candidates for standard transplant regimens to be allografted.     

氟达拉滨替代环磷酰胺的清髓性预处理化疗联合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病的对照研究

目的 探讨氟达拉滨替代改良BuCy方案中环磷酰胺的预处理方案在异基因造血干细胞移植中的安全性及有效性.方法 对45例急性白血病患者进行异基因造血干细胞移植,其中23例采用改良BuCy预处理化疗,22例采用BuFlu方案（氟达拉滨每天40 mg/m2,用5d,来替代改良BuCy方案中的环磷酰胺）进行预处理化疗.移植均采用外周血造血干细胞移植.移植后观察比较两组预处理方案相关不良反应、植入、移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）、感染发生和长期随访下的无病生存情况.结果 除改良BuCy组1例患者死于预处理后脑出血,其余患者均获得成功植入.两组患者预处理不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;BuFlu组患者病毒感染较改良BuCy组高（P=0.009）,而Ⅲ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD发生率较低[26.1％（6/23）比4.5％（1/22）,P=0.046].中位随访41个月,改良BuCy组非复发死亡4例（17.4％）,BuFlu组非复发死亡2例（9.1％）（P=0.665）.两组复发率分别为30.3％（7/23）和40.9％（9/22）（P=0.474）;5年总生存率分别为（55.1±l 1.9）％和（61.4±10.8）％（P=0.659）,无事件生存率分别为（44.5±12.1）％和（22.1±12.3）％（P=0.747）.结论 氟达拉滨替代改良BuCy方案中环磷酰胺的预处理化疗耐受性较好,严重GVHD发生率低,总生存率无明显差异.应用时应注意移植中感染及复发的风险.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗母细胞性浆细胞样树突细胞肿瘤

 【摘要】　目的　探索采用增强预处理强度的异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）联合快速递减免疫抑制剂和供者淋巴细胞输注（DLI）策略治疗母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤（BPDCN）的效果。方法　2009年7月至2011年5月,南方医院血液科确诊2例BPDCN,例1患者以皮肤浸润起病,经皮肤病理活组织检查确诊CD+4 CD+56 LCA+ TdT+ CD+43 BPDCN侵犯皮下及真皮层,移植前经联合化疗处于完全缓解;例2患者以骨髓浸润起病,先后误诊为急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性非淋巴细胞白血病,后经流式细胞术免疫分型诊断CD+4 CD+56 CD+123 BDCA-1+ BPDCN,移植前未缓解。接受以全身放疗联合环磷酰胺为基础的增强预处理allo-HSCT,供者均来源于同胞;采用环孢素A（CsA）联合短疗程甲氨蝶呤（MTX）预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）,单倍体相合移植加用兔抗人类胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白（ATG）;移植后2个月开始快速减停免疫抑制剂,采用流式细胞术监测微小残留病（MRD）指导或采用预防性DLI防治复发。结果　移植后2例患者均获完全供者植入及完全缓解,其中例1处于持续缓解,+6个月行DLI诱发IV度皮肤及肠道急性GVHD,经联合免疫抑制治疗后控制,+243天死于血栓性微血管病、弥漫性肺泡出血;例2患者+60天复发,经化疗联合DLI、白细胞介素-2治疗后未缓解,+101天死于败血症、弥漫性血管内凝血。结论　BPDCN以CD+4 CD+56 CD+123 CD+43 TdT+ 树突状细胞来源的肿瘤细胞浸润皮肤和（或）骨髓、临床进程呈高度侵袭为典型特征,增强预处理的allo-HSCT联合快速递减免疫抑制剂和MRD监测指导DLI对早期BPDCN可有效控制疾病发展,但对于难治复发患者仍需更多研究。     

A randomized study comparing yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) and high-dose BEAM chemotherapy versus BEAM alone as the conditioning regimen before autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with aggressive lymphoma

BACKGROUND:

High‐dose chemotherapy combined with autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard therapy for refractory/relapsed aggressive lymphoma. In the era of rituximab‐containing frontline regimens, it is becoming more challenging to salvage patients in this setting, and novel approaches are required. This is a randomized study evaluating the safety and efficacy of standard‐dose ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) combined with high‐dose BEAM chemotherapy (Z‐BEAM) and ASCT in refractory/relapsed aggressive lymphoma.

METHODS:

Forty‐three patients with CD20⁺‐aggressive lymphoma were randomized to a treatment arm (Z‐BEAM, n = 22) or control arm (BEAM alone, n = 21). Ibritumomab tiuxetan was given at 0.4 mCi/kg on day ?14 before ASCT.

RESULTS:

Patient characteristics, engraftment kinetics, and toxicity profile were similar between the 2 groups. Two‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) for all patients was 48% (95% confidence interval, 32%‐64%): 59% and 37% after Z‐BEAM and BEAM alone, respectively (P = .2). Multivariate analysis identified advanced age (hazard ratio [HR], 8.3; P = .001), high‐risk disease (relapse within 12 months of diagnosis and/or secondary International Prognostic Index >2; HR, 2.8; P = .04), positive positron emission tomography‐computed tomography pretransplant (HR, 2.4; P = .07), and BEAM alone (HR, 2.8; P = .03) as poor prognostic factors. Intermediate‐risk patients with 1 or 2 risk factors had better PFS with Z‐BEAM compared with BEAM: 69% and 29%, respectively (P = .07). Two‐year overall survival was 91% and 62% after Z‐BEAM and BEAM, respectively (P = .05). Similar prognostic factors determined survival. The HR for BEAM alone in the multivariate analysis was 8.1 (P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Standard‐dose ibritumomab tiuxetan combined with BEAM high‐dose chemotherapy is safe and possibly more effective than BEAM alone as a conditioning regimen for ASCT in the era of rituximab‐containing chemotherapy regimens. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

Outcomes of second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using reduced‐intensity conditioning in an outpatient setting

Relapse and graft failure after autologous (auto) or allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are serious and frequently fatal events. A second HSCT can be a life‐saving alternative, however, information on the results of such intervention in an outpatient setting is limited. Outpatient second hematoprogenitors transplant after reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) at a single academic center was analyzed. Twenty‐seven consecutive adults who received an allo‐HSCT after an initial auto‐ or allo‐HSCT from 2006 to 2019 were included. Data were compared using the χ²‐test. Survival analysis using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models was performed; cumulative incidence estimation of transplant‐related mortality (TRM) was assessed. Hodgkin lymphoma was the most frequent diagnosis for the group with a first auto‐HSCT with 5/12 (41.7%) cases, and acute myeloid leukemia for those with a first allo‐HSCT with 6/15 (40%). One‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival (DFS) was 66.7% (95% CI 27.2–88.2) and 59% (95% CI 16–86) for 12 patients with a first auto‐HSCT; and for 15 patients with a first allo‐HSCT, it was 43.3% (95% CI 17.9–66.5) and 36% (95% CI 13.2–59.9), respectively. Eight (29.6%) patients died of TRM and the cumulative incidence of TRM at 1 year was 22% (95% CI 8.6–39.27). Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease and late (>10 months) second transplantation were protective factors for longer survival. Neutropenic fever was more common in the group with a first allo‐HSCT (p = 0.01). In conclusion, outpatient second allo‐HSCT using RIC after auto‐ or allografting failure or relapse is feasible and offers a reasonable alternative for patients with severe life‐threatening hematological diseases.