控制性阶梯式减压术治疗重型、特重型颅脑损伤疗效分析

目的探讨控制性阶梯式减压手术治疗重型、特重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法将186例重型、特重型颅脑损伤患者按入院顺序分为观察组(96例)和对照组(90例)。对照组采用标准大骨瓣减压手术,观察组在标准大骨瓣减压的基础上术中采用控制性阶梯式降颅压手术。结果观察组术中急性脑膨出发生率、术后迟发性颅内血肿发生率显著降低(P<0.05)。随访6个月,根据GOS评分评估患者预后,观察组预后良好率(GOS评分4~5分)显著增高(P<0.05)。结论在标准大骨瓣减压术基础上,术中采用控制性阶梯式减压手术,能有效降低重型、特重型颅脑损伤患者并发症发生率,改善患者预后。     

标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤临床分析

目的 分析标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效.方法 采用随机数字表法将130例重型颅脑损伤患者分为2组,常规组给予常规骨瓣开颅术,标准组给予标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术,观察术后6个月末临床疗效和并发症发生情况.结果 标准组术后6个月末良好率（40.00%）明显高于常规组（21.54%）,病死率（10.77%）明显低于常规组（27.69%）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;标准组术后并发症发生率15.38%（10/65）明显低于常规组33.85%（22/65）,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=5.9694,P＜0.05）.结论 标准大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤效果确切,术野内暴露病变组织和脑结构充分,大范围骨窗可充分降低颅内高压,且术后并发症发生率低,在降低致残率、病死率和改善预后方面明显优于传统大骨瓣开颅减压术.     

标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤疗效分析

目的 探讨应用标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效及并发症发生情况.方法 对我院2010-01-2013-01收治的31例重型颅脑损伤患者应用标准大骨瓣减压术治疗,设为观察组;另选择本院2007-03-2009-11收治的30例应用常规骨瓣减压术治疗的重型颅脑损伤患者（设立为对照组）,对比2组的临床疗效、术后GCS评分及并发症情况.结果 2组临床疗效及预后比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,术后1个月GCS评分与手术前比较均有显著提高,但观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,2组并发症比较,差异无明显统计学意义.结论 标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤临床疗效好,并发症发生率低,预后好,值得推广和应用.     

改良T形切口开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果

目的探讨改良T形切口开颅去骨瓣减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法回顾性分析50例重型颅脑损伤病例资料,根据手术方式不同分为T形切口组20例和标准切口组30例,T形切口组采用T形切口开颅减压术治疗,标准切口组采用标准外伤大骨瓣减压术,比较两组的临床疗效。结果两组手术疗效统计学并无显著性差异(P0.05)。但T形切口在皮瓣血运和颞肌的保护方面有着突出优势(P0.05)。结论改良T形切口开颅减压术是治疗重型颅脑损伤安全有效的方法,术后并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

标准大骨瓣开颅与常规骨瓣开颅手术对重型颅脑损伤患者的疗效

目的探讨标准大骨瓣开颅手术与常规骨瓣开颅手术对重型颅脑损伤患者的临床疗效和并发症发生情况。方法选择我院收治的142例重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,对照组70例患者采用常规骨瓣开颅手术,观察组72例患者采用标准大骨瓣开颅手术,比较2组患者的临床疗效和并发症发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组患者良好率约为56.94%,明显高于对照组的良好率,差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后第1～5天,2组患者的颅内压均明显下降,观察组患者下降更明显,差异有明显统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者并发症的发生率低于对照组,但差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论标准外伤大骨瓣治疗重型颅脑损伤患者具有明显疗效,临床疗效和术后颅内压下降明显,值得临床推广和应用。     

标准大骨瓣减压术结合早期气管切开治疗重型颅脑损伤对预后的影响

目的：观察标准大骨瓣减压术结合早期气管切开治疗重型颅脑损伤对预后的影响。方法87例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为对照组44例和观察组43例。对照组给予标准大骨瓣减压术结合早期气管切开治疗，观察组给予标准大骨瓣减压术，判定2组临床疗效。结果观察组临床总有效率72.09％，优于对照组的40.9％，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）；治疗后观察组GOS评分提高明显且优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论标准大骨瓣减压术结合早期气管切开治疗重型颅脑损伤能有效降低患者的病死率及病残率，值得临床推广应用。     

去骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效分析

目的观察去骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法选择我院2011-01—2013-12收治的重型颅脑损伤患者58例为研究对象,随机分为2组,各29例,对照组给予传统大骨瓣减压术,实验组给予标准去骨瓣减压术,对比2组的疗效。结果对照组总有效率为44.8%,实验组为72.4%,实验组疗效明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组迟发性血肿、二次手术及脑梗死等发生率更低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用标准去骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤效果比传统去骨瓣减压术好,术后并发症少,病死率低,对改善预后有积极意义。     

不同去骨瓣减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效和安全性分析

目的探讨不同去骨瓣减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效和安全,明确有效治疗方案,进而为临床应用提供科学的理论和实践依据。方法选择我院外科2013-08—2015-04收治的重型颅脑损伤并接受手术治疗的108例患者为研究对象,所有患者按其就诊先后顺序随机分为观察组与对照组。对照组54例重型颅脑损伤患者使用常规去骨瓣减压手术治疗,观察组54例接受标准去骨瓣减压术治疗。对2组患者的总体治疗有效率、术后并发症及其发生率等指标进行比较观察。结果应用标准去骨瓣减压术治疗有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意(P0.05);观察组恢复情况明显改善,并发症发生几率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用闭合标准去骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤效果显著、安全性好,患者术后愈合快,术后并发症几率低,增加手术成功率,临床上值得推广。     

标准大骨瓣减压术中使用人工硬膜预防术后脑膨出的观察

重型颅脑损伤患者早期行标准大骨瓣减压开颅术是缓解颅内高压及降低死亡率的重要方法,但由于术后颅骨和硬脑膜缺损,治疗后期易发生脑膨出,对患者意识、神经功能及预后造成严重影响,因此早期预防脑膨出对患者康复具有重要意义。我们总结了2005年6月至2010年6月于我院行大骨瓣减压手术治疗的重型颅脑损伤患者112例,其中70例术中     

控制性阶梯式减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤68例临床分析

目的观察控制性阶梯式减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果。方法 68例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为A组和B组,B组采用标准大骨瓣快速减压手术治疗,A组采用控制性阶梯式大骨瓣减压术治疗。从治疗效果、术后并发症发生情况两方面进行比较。结果 2组手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组恢复良好比例显著高于B组(P0.05),A组术后脑膨出发生率显著低于B组(P0.05)。结论采用控制性阶梯式减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤,颅内压力可逐步释放,患者预后良好,并发症发生率低,值得临床推广应用。     

Early decompressive craniotomy in children with severe traumatic brain injury

Introduction Decompressive craniectomy remains a controversial procedure in the treatment of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) associated with post-traumatic brain swelling. Although there are a number of studies in adults published in the literature on this topic, most commonly as a salvage procedure in the treatment of refractory raised ICP, there are few that investigate it primarily in children with head injuries.Aim Our aim was to report the experience with decompressive craniotomy in children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at the Red Cross Children's' hospital.Methods This study reports five patients in whom decompressive craniectomy or craniotomy with duraplasty was used as an early, aggressive treatment of raised ICP causing secondary acute neurological deterioration after head injury. The rationale was to save the patient from acute cerebral herniation and to prevent exposure to a prolonged course of intracranial hypertension.Results All patients benefited from the procedure, demonstrating control of ICP, radiological improvement and neurological recovery. Long-term follow-up was available, with outcome assessed at a minimum of 14 months after injury.Discussion The early approach to the use of decompressive craniotomy in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with secondary deterioration due to raised ICP is emphasised. A favourable outcome was achieved in all of the cases presented. The potential benefit of decompressive craniectomy/craniotomy in the management of children with severe TBI is discussed.     

Early decompressive craniectomy may be effective in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury

Introduction We compared the effect of early decompressive craniectomy (<24 h) vs non-operative treatment on the outcome of children with refractory intracranial hypertension after severe traumatic brain injury.Material and methods We retrospectively reviewed 12 consecutive patients treated between 1999 and 2001 for refractory intracranial hypertension after isolated severe head injury without any intracranial haematomas. In all patients, treatment included sedation, paralysis and IV mannitol under intracranial pressure monitoring. Early decompressive craniectomy was carried out in six patients (mean age: 13 years) at mean time from injury of 7 h (range: 2–18 h), whereas six patients (mean age: 11.5 years) were managed with non-operative treatment. The Marshall Grading system was used to score the severity of radiological abnormalities in CT scans. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 1-year follow-up was used as outcome measure.Results The mean Marshall grade was 3 in the craniectomy group and 2 in the non-operative group. All patients in the craniectomy group survived: four patients scored 5 and two patients scored 4 on the GOS. In the non-operative group, two patients (33%) died, one of whom received late decompressive craniectomy at 9 days, while three patients scored 5 and one patient scored 3 on the GOS.Conclusion In children who suffered severe head injury with refractory intracranial hypertension without intracranial haematoma, early decompressive craniectomy employed in the first few hours after injury before the onset of irreversible ischaemic changes may be an effective method to treat the secondary deterioration that commonly leads to death or severe neurological deficit.Presented at the 31st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, Monaco, 17 September 2003     

标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术在重型颅脑损伤中的应用

目的探讨标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的效果。方法63例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为2组:标准外伤大骨瓣组(治疗组)32例,常规骨瓣组(对照组)31例。全部病例术前均扫描证实颅内损伤情况,术后治疗方案基本相同。术后6个月临床随访进行格拉斯哥预后标准(GOS)评定。结果治疗组32例中,恢复良好15例,中残6例,重残2例,植物生存1例,死亡8例。对照组31例中,恢复良好7例,中残5例,重残2例,植物生存2例,死亡15例(P<0.05)。结论标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术治疗急性单侧幕上血肿、脑挫裂伤及单侧大脑半球肿胀有较确切疗效。     

特大骨瓣减压治疗特重型颅脑损伤

目的评估实施特大骨瓣减压术治疗特重型颅脑损伤的手术适应证及疗效。方法对50例特重型颅脑损伤患者均实施了特大骨瓣减压术。结果按格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)：恢复0例，良好2例，中残8例，重残21例，植物生存6例，死亡13例。37例存活者出院后随访1-4年，再次GOS评定：恢复2例，良好5例，中残10例，重残10例，植物生存3例，死亡7例。共死亡20例，总死亡率40％。结论对特重型颅脑损伤实施特大骨瓣减压术是挽救该类垂危病人的首选办法。在严格掌握手术适应证的同时，确定、实施适当手术方案，并减张缝合修复硬膜．是值得提倡的手术措施，辅以术后常规治疗，可明显提高疗效。     

Descompresive craniectomy in head injury. Intractable I.C.P.

Decompressive craniotomy is a neurosurical technique known since the origin of neurosurgery, but its use as a routine started at the end of the 19th century. In last decades, the use of decompressive craniotomy decreased, mainly because of poor results obtained and the advances in medical treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in the Intensive Care Units. Nevertheless, in recent years there has been a renewed interest with the use of this surgical techique in young patients with head injuries and severe intracranial hypertensio'n, but no surgical mass lesion, as well as in patients with ischemic stroke causing life threatening mass effect. The authors present a series of four young patients with head injuries and "malignant" intracranial hypertension on whom wide craniotomies were performed with an excellent outcome. The literature is reviewed.     

重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出应对措施

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤手术中急性脑膨出的机理与处理措施。方法回顾性分析58例在颅脑手术过程中发生脑膨出的重型颅脑损伤患者临床资料,影像学资料及应对措施,采用标准大骨瓣减压、过度通气、咬除颅底骨质、阶梯性减压、及时复查颅脑CT等综合措施。结果术后随访三月按GOS评定预后恢复良好19例、轻残11例、重残11例、植物生存5例、死亡12例。迟发性血肿(63.8%),弥漫性脑肿胀(27.6%)及脑梗死(8.6%)是重型颅脑损伤手术中急性脑膨出的主要原因。结论对重型颅脑损伤手术中急性脑膨出的患者要正确判断,区别原因采取相应的措施。     

双侧同时开颅治疗重型颅脑损伤随机对照临床研究

目的探讨双侧同时开颅手术治疗重型颅脑损伤（sTBI）的疗效。方法49例sTBI患者，分为双侧同时开颅手术（治疗组）和传统手术方式（对照组）并于3个月后进行COS评定。结果治疗组27例，恢复良好9例，中度残疾5例，重残4例，植物生存2例，死亡7例。对照组22例，恢复良好3例，中度残疾0例，重残3例，植物生存6例，死亡10例，（P〈0．05）。结论采用双侧同时开颅手术治疗sTBI疗效优于传统手术方式。     

Estado actual y perspectivas futuras en el manejo de la hipertensión intracraneal posterior a traumatismo craneoencefálico: craniectomía descompresiva,hipotermia terapéutica y barbitúricos

IntroductionIncreased intracranial pressure has been associated with poor neurological outcomes and increased mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Traditionally, intracranial pressure-lowering therapies are administered using an escalating approach, with more aggressive options reserved for patients showing no response to first-tier interventions, or with refractory intracranial hypertension.DevelopmentThe therapeutic value and the appropriate timing for the use of rescue treatments for intracranial hypertension have been a subject of constant debate in literature. In this review, we discuss the main management options for refractory intracranial hypertension after severe traumatic brain injury in adults. We intend to conduct an in-depth revision of the most representative randomised controlled trials on the different rescue treatments, including decompressive craniectomy, therapeutic hypothermia, and barbiturates. We also discuss future perspectives for these management options.ConclusionsThe available evidence appears to show that mortality can be reduced when rescue interventions are used as last-tier therapy; however, this benefit comes at the cost of severe disability. The decision of whether to perform these interventions should always be patient-centred and made on an individual basis. The development and integration of different physiological variables through multimodality monitoring is of the utmost importance to provide more robust prognostic information to patients facing these challenging decisions.     

外伤大骨瓣一期分瓣回置的临床应用研究

目的探讨外伤大骨瓣一期分瓣回置的临床可行性。方法研究组40例标准外伤大骨瓣一期分瓣回置,对照组45例行大骨瓣去除减压,统计比较两组术后颅内压、GOS、并发症情况。结果两组病人颅内压、GOS比较差异无显著性意义,研究组并发症明显减少,回置骨瓣能够骨性愈合。结论大骨瓣一期分瓣回置既能有效降低颅内压,又能减少并发症。     

颅内压监测下改良阶梯减压法结合去骨瓣减压治疗颅内高压的疗效分析

目的探讨颅内压（ICP）监测下改良阶梯减压法结合去骨瓣减压术治疗颅内高压的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析贵阳市第二人民医院神经外科自2017年1月至2020年6月收治的312例各种病因导致颅内高压需行开颅去骨瓣减压术治疗患者的临床资料,根据患者术中是否采用改良阶梯减压术,将患者分为改良阶梯减压结合去骨瓣减压术组（改良组）和常规开颅去骨瓣减压术组（常规组）,所有患者均在术中实时监测ICP,对比观察2组患者的术中ICP变化、术后并发症及预后情况。 结果312例患者中,常规组154例,改良组158例,常规组术中剪开硬脑膜后ICP值急剧下降后反弹升高并趋于稳定,改良组术中ICP平缓下降后趋于稳定。2组患者的术中脑肿胀、脑膨出、迟发对侧血肿、术后GCS评分、瞳孔变化、并发症、术后6个月的GOS评分比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论ICP监测下改良阶梯减压法处理高颅压患者能有效控制ICP、减免术中脑膨出、减少迟发血肿形成,是一种安全、有效、可行的去骨瓣减压方法。