通心络对颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块ABCA1表达的影响

目的：探讨通心络对兔模型颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块的三磷酸腺苷结合盒运转体A1（ABCA1）、视黄酸X受体（RXRα）信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达的影响及机制。方法：32只新西兰大白兔分为4组，其中空白对照组8只（A组），余24只兔于右侧颈动脉放置改良的硅橡胶圈，加1％高胆固醇喂养的方法建立粥样硬化性颈动脉狭窄动物模型。颈动脉狭窄模型而无药物干预的对照组8只（B组）；辛伐他丁治疗组8只，给予辛伐他丁5mg／kg，每天1次（C组）；通心络治疗组8只，给予通心络1g／kg，每日1次（D组）。药物干预前后分别检测兔模型静脉血的血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）水平，两种药物干预2周后处死动物取右侧颈动脉狭窄段及对侧相应段血管，以Western Blot法测定其ABCA1、RXRα蛋白质表达量。结果：给予通心络和辛伐他丁干预兔模型组（C组和D组）ABCA1、RXRα蛋白质表达水平均增高，血脂水平下降。结论：通心络可使模型兔颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的ABCA1 mRNA、RXRα mRNA表达水平和其蛋白质表达水平上调，可能有益于抗动脉粥样硬化斑块形成作用．     

通心络联合阿托伐他汀、阿司匹林对家兔动脉粥样硬化早期血管外膜炎症因子表达的干预

目的:探讨通心络联合阿托伐他汀、阿司匹林对家兔动脉粥样硬化早期颈动脉外膜炎症因子表达的影响。方法:高脂饮食复合单侧颈总动脉硅胶管包裹制备兔动脉粥样硬化早期模型。72只新西兰兔随机分为对照组(control)、模型组(model)、通心络(tongxinluo)组、阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)组、阿司匹林(aspirin)组和三药联用(three-drug combination)组。每组各12只。对照组给予普通饲料,模型组及各用药组家兔均实施单侧颈动脉硅胶管包裹术复合高脂饲料喂养,通心络组给予通心络超微粉混悬液(0.3 g·kg-1·d-1)灌胃,阿托伐他汀组给予阿托伐他汀(2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)灌胃,阿司匹林组给予阿司匹林(12 mg·kg-1·d-1)灌胃,三药联用组给予通心络超微粉混悬液(0.3 g·kg-1·d-1)、阿托伐他汀(2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)和阿司匹林(12.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)灌胃,连续给药,4周后取材。HE染色判定颈动脉内中膜病理形态变化;生化法检测血脂变化;ELISA法测定各组家兔颈动脉包裹段外膜单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和IL-10表达水平;免疫组化法检测血管外膜IL-8表达水平。结果:模型组与对照组比较,血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)的水平明显增高。除阿司匹林组外,各用药组TC、TG和LDL-C的水平与模型组比较明显降低。三药联用组较其它用药组TC、TG和LDL-C的水平明显降低。模型组颈动脉外膜中MCP-1和IL-1β的表达明显高于对照组,IL-10的表达减弱。与模型组比较,各用药组颈动脉外膜中MCP-1和IL-1β的表达减弱,IL-10的表达增强。三药联用组较其它各用药组MCP-1和IL-1β的表达明显减弱,IL-10的表达明显增强。各用药组颈动脉外膜IL-8表达减少。结论:通心络、阿托伐他汀和阿司匹林三药联用可通过降脂、调节血管外膜炎症反应而有效延缓动脉粥样硬化进程,且较单药应用作用更佳。     

氟伐他汀对兔颈动脉粥样斑块CD68和PCNA的影响

目的探讨氟伐他汀对粥样硬化家兔CD68和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达的影响。方法采用高脂饮食喂养法建立动脉粥样硬化（AS）模型。将24只家兔随机分为：正常对照组、AS模型组和氟伐他汀组，每组8只。饲养12周后处死，取颈动脉行HE染色，免疫组化染色法检测PCNA和CD68的抗原表达。结果氟伐他汀组血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白．胆固醇（LDL-C）浓度明显低于AS模型组（P〈0．01）。AS模型组颈动脉斑块中见大量CD68及PCNA阳性细胞，氟伐他汀组对应阳性细胞数显著少于AS模型组（P〈0．01）。结论氟伐他汀治疗可以抑制高胆固醇血症兔颈动脉粥样斑块的形成，减轻斑块内巨噬细胞的浸润并抑制PCNA的产生，从而起到稳定斑块的作用。     

观察通心络联合阿托伐他汀治疗H型高血压颈动脉粥样硬化患者的临床疗效

目的本研究报告通过对H型高血压劲动脉粥样硬化患者采取不同的用药方式,来分析通心络联合阿托伐他汀使用的临床疗效。方法本研究报告选取了前来我院进行就诊的H型高血压颈动脉粥样硬化患者60例。对样本人数采取随机抽样分类的方法平分为调查组和对比组。对照组30例H型高血压颈动脉粥样硬化患者采取口服阿托伐他汀的治疗方式而观察组30例H型高血压颈动脉粥样硬化患者采取口服阿托伐他汀的基础上给予通心络丸的治疗。6个月以后,对两组患者的治疗结果进行对比。结果观察组的30例患者在接受通心络联合阿托他伐汀用药治疗之后他们的总胆固醇(TC)、血清甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均低于对照组而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)则高于对照组。对比组患者和调查组患者的血清、血醇各项指标对比具有明显差异,两组数据对比有统计学意义(<0.05)。结论通心络与阿托伐他汀丸的联合使用,能有效地降低血脂,促进纤溶达到平衡状态,同时,还能降低H型高血压颈动脉粥样硬化患者脑梗死的危险,这对保障患者的生命安全有着重要的作用。     

瑞舒伐他汀通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路活性缓解小鼠颈动脉粥样硬化

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀缓解小鼠颈动脉粥样硬化的机制及相关信号通路。方法将75只Apo E-/-小鼠随机分为5组,采取不同的干预措施,分别为对照组、颈动脉粥样硬化模型组、瑞舒伐他汀低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。检测5组小鼠的血脂相关指标;实验结束后,处死小鼠,采用PCR技术,检测各组小鼠颈动脉组织中MMP-2 mRNA、MMP-9 mRNA的表达差异;采用Western-blot检测颈动脉组织中p-PI3K蛋白、p-AKT蛋白、PI3K蛋白、AKT蛋白的表达水平。结果①与模型组相比,3个瑞舒伐他汀治疗组小鼠的TC、TG、LDL-C水平明显下降,HDL-C明显升高(P0.05)。3个治疗组小鼠颈动脉总面积与模型组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但斑块面积显著较小(P0.05),且高剂量组的斑块面积最小。②对照组小鼠颈动脉组织中MMP-2的阳性率较低,模型组的MMP-2的阳性率及染色强度明显较高。低、中、高剂量组的的染色阳性率及染色强度较模型组有明显下降。③模型组小鼠颈动脉组织中MMP-2 mRNA、MMP-9 mRNA的相对表达量显著最高,低剂量组次之,高剂量组表达水平最低。Western-blot检测结果趋势与RT-PCR一致。④与对照组相比,模型组小鼠颈动脉组织中p-PI3K蛋白、p-AKT蛋白表达量明显升高(P0.05)。与模型组比较,瑞舒伐他汀3个治疗组的小鼠颈动脉组织中p-PI3K蛋白、p-AKT蛋白表达量逐渐下降。结论瑞舒伐他汀可通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路活性对颈动脉粥样硬化小鼠发挥保护作用。     

兔颈动脉粥样硬化斑块内MMP-2与新生血管关系的研究

目的探讨兔颈动脉粥样硬化模型斑块内基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metaloproteinase-2,MMP-2)与新生血管的关系。方法将40只健康雄性新西兰大白兔随机分为4组,A组予普通饲料喂养28 d、B组予高脂饮食28 d、C组予硅橡胶圈干预联合高脂饮食14 d、D组予硅橡胶圈干预联合高脂饮食28 d。利用超声造影检测C组、D组兔颈动脉粥样硬化模型斑块内新生血管情况,应用免疫组化检测斑块内MMP-2、血小板内皮细胞黏附分子-1(cluster of differentiation 31,CD31)的表达,进行两者间相关性分析。结果超声造影检测到C组、D组模型兔颈动脉斑块内有新生血管形成,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果显示斑块内有阳性表达的MMP-2、CD31,两者之间呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论 MMP-2在兔颈动脉粥样硬化斑块内新生血管的生成中发挥一定作用。     

通心络对新西兰兔动脉粥样硬化血小板活化的影响

目的:探讨通心络对动脉粥样硬化新西兰兔血小板的保护作用。方法:SPF级新西兰家兔42只,雌雄各半,随机分为7组:正常组,模型组,通心络超微粉低、中、高剂量组(0.15、0.3和0.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),阿托伐他汀组(2.5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),阿司匹林组(12.5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))。正常组给予普通饲料12周,模型组给予高脂饮食12周建立动脉粥样硬化模型,其余各组在给予高脂饲料的同时按剂量连续灌胃给药12周,饮水不限。末次给药后禁食12 h取材。取全血进行血常规检测,取血清、血浆分别进行血脂水平、血小板因子4(PF4)和可溶性CD62P(s CD62P)检测,流式细胞术检测血小板钙离子,电镜观察血小板超微结构,光镜下进行动脉粥样组织病理学观察。结果:与正常组比较,模型组新西兰兔血小板计数及血小板平均体积明显增加,血脂胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平显著增高,血清PF4、sCD62P及血小板钙离子浓度表达明显增加(P0.05)。与模型组相比,各用药组均不同程度地降低血小板计数和血小板平均体积,血小板表达PF4、sCD62P水平及血小板内钙离子浓度明显降低,通心络低、中、高剂量组和阿托伐他汀组降低血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平(P0.05);电镜观察见正常组血小板形态规则,细胞器分布均匀,模型组血小板形态畸形,伪足明显,α颗粒及致密颗粒减少,胞浆内空泡增多,提示血小板活化状态,用药组均不同程度改善血小板形态,增加α颗粒及致密颗粒数量,胞质损伤减轻。组织病理学观察正常组内膜光滑完整,模型组内膜显著增厚,泡沫细胞大量聚集,斑块形成,用药组通心络高剂量组内膜增厚显著降低,泡沫细胞明显减少,斑块形成不明显,其它用药组均不同程度改善内膜增厚,降低泡沫细胞含量。结论:通心络可显著抑制动脉粥样硬化过程中血小板的活化状态,对于延缓动脉粥样硬化血栓形成具有重要临床治疗价值。     

颈椎旋转手法对兔粥样斑块期颈动脉拉伸力学性能的影响

目的探讨颈椎旋转手法对兔粥样斑块期颈动脉拉伸力学性能的影响。方法选取30只健康的雄性新西兰大耳兔,随机分为实验组、模型对照组和空白对照组。实验组对兔进行颈动脉粥样硬化斑块造模及颈椎旋转手法干预,模型对照组仅进行颈动脉粥样硬化斑块造模,而空白对照组不进行任何干预。观测3组兔在不同干预后颈动脉各项拉伸力学性能指标的差异。结果实验组与模型对照组以及空白对照组比较,最大应变、最大载荷和生理性弹性模量均有统计学差异(P0.05);实验组最大应变比模型对照组、空白对照组分别小24.87%、52.09%;实验组最大载荷分别是模型对照组、空白对照组的2.21、3.47倍;实验组生理性弹性模量分别是模型对照组、空白对照组的1.60、1.89倍。结论相对正常颈动脉而言,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的存在会降低颈动脉的拉伸力学性能,而对存在颈动脉粥样硬化的兔进行颈椎旋转手法操作,会进一步降低颈动脉的拉伸力学性能。因此,临床上对于存在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者,最好避免进行颈椎旋转手法操作。     

通心络超微粉对高脂饮食兔主动脉内皮保护机制的实验研究

目的： 探讨通心络超微粉对高脂饮食兔主动脉内皮损伤的干预作用及其可能机制。方法： 健康雄性新西兰白兔32只随机分为空白对照组、模型组、阿托伐他汀组、通心络组4组。空白对照组饲以普通饲料；模型组饲以高脂饲料；阿托伐他汀组饲以高脂饲料同时阿托伐他汀3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃；通心络组饲以高脂饲料同时通心络超微粉0.31 g·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃，连续给药，于6周末酶法检测各组血脂水平，比色法检测各组血清NO、MDA水平及SOD活性，免疫组织化学染色法检测主动脉内皮细胞NF-κB核转位情况及ICAM-1 蛋白表达，RT-PCR法检测ICAM-1 mRNA表达。结果：模型组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C及MDA水平均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)，NO水平及SOD活性低于空白组(P<0.01)；主动脉内皮细胞NF-κB核转位、ICAM-1基因及蛋白表达明显多于空白组（P<0.01）。两药物干预组TC、TG、LDL-C及MDA水平均显著低于模型组(P<0.01)，NO水平和SOD活性则高于模型组（P<0.05, P<0.01），主动脉内皮细胞NF-κB核转位、ICAM-1基因及蛋白表达亦明显少于模型组（P<0.05，P<0.01），通心络组HDL-C显著高于模型组（P<0.05），且通心络组对上述指标的作用均优于阿托伐他汀组（P<0.05，P<0.01）。结论： ① 高脂血症可使血管内皮细胞受损，其机制可能与氧化应激、NF-κB的激活及ICAM-1基因与蛋白的表达异常有关。② 通心络超微粉可在一定程度上减轻上述病理损伤，可能与其抗氧化、抑制NF-κB核转位进而降低ICAM-1基因及蛋白表达有关。     

心可舒与氟伐他汀抑制兔动脉粥样硬化黏附分子的表达及炎性反应

目的观察心可舒及氟伐他汀对兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)斑块血管细胞黏附分子(VCAM-1)的影响及其机制。方法将雄性新西兰大白兔随机分为对照组、高脂AS模型组、氟伐他汀组及心可舒组,每组9只。通过HE染色评估粥样斑块的程度。应用免疫组化检测巨噬细胞、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达,蛋白免疫印迹法分析斑块VCAM-1的表达水平,并检测氧自由基SOD及MDA的含量。结果心可舒及氟伐他汀组VCAM-1的表达明显低于高脂组的水平(P0.01),巨噬细胞、MMP-9及α-SMA的水平亦明显低于高脂组(P0.01),SOD的含量明显升高(P0.01)。结论心可舒及氟伐他汀通过抗氧自由基及抗炎作用保护兔血管内皮及抗动脉粥样硬化。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964