尿道下裂的术式选择-会阴型和阴茎阴囊型

目的 总结会阴型尿道下裂和阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂的最佳术式.方法 将2000年1月至2015年1月本院收治的38例尿道下裂患儿,其中阴茎阴囊型25例、会阴型13例,按照尿道下裂的不同类型进行阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣设计、移位和尿道成形修复手术.阴茎包皮岛状最长7.5cm,宽1.5～1.8cm.结果 术后11例发生尿瘘,其中会阴型5例,阴茎阴囊型6例,经修补后痊愈.本组患者术后阴茎外形正常,无扭曲或臃肿、尿道开口达到正常解剖部位,均能正常排尿或有很大改善接近正常.结论 阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂是一种较为安全有效的手术方法.     

逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道下裂

目的：探讨一种新的对重度尿道下裂的修复方法.方法：应用逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道尿道下裂患者.结果：手术获得成功.术后12d拔除导尿管自行排尿,无尿瘘和尿道狭窄发生.结论：逆行复合尿道板皮瓣血运丰富,伸延性好,手术操作简单,联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形术可一期完成尿道下裂修复,成形效果好,是一期修复重度尿道下裂的一种比较理想的术式.     

尿道、阴茎

20061582 逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道下裂／易传勋…∥临床泌尿外科杂志．-2005.20（10）．-590～592 应用逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道尿道下裂患者。结果：手术获得成功。术后12d拔除导尿管白行排尿，无尿瘘和尿道狭窄发生。结论；逆行复合尿道板皮瓣血运丰富，伸延性好，手术操作简单，联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形术可一期完成尿道下裂修复。成形效果好，是一期修复重度尿道下裂的比较理想的术式。图2参10     

联合口腔黏膜与阴囊皮瓣重建尿道一期修复尿道下裂

目的 总结联含口腔黏膜和阴囊皮瓣重建尿道一期修复尿道下裂的手术方法及临床效果.方法 2002年3月-2007年12月,联合口腔黏膜和阴囊皮瓣重建尿道一期修复尿道下裂42例.年龄1岁6个月～18岁.阴茎阴囊型21例,阴囊型12例,会阴型9例.34例为既往尿道下裂修复手术失败,初次于术至该次手术时间为6～19个月,平均10个月:8例为初次手术.术中阴茎矫直后尿道缺损3～7 cm,平均4.2 cm.将人小为3.0 cm×1.2 cm～7.0 cm×1.5 cm的口腔黏膜移植于阴茎腹侧白膜,与大小为3.0 cm×1.5 cm～7.0 cm×1.5 cm的阴囊皮瓣对合形成完整尿道.结果 38例术后切口期愈合,无并发症发生.4例术后7 d分别于冠状沟及吻合口端出现尿瘘,其中1例尿瘘于术后2个月自行封闭,3例于术后6个月行尿瘘修补术后愈合.42例均获随访,随访时间3～48个月,平均18个月.术后排尿通畅,重建尿道口均位于阴茎头远端,无回缩,外形接近正常尿道外口形态.阴茎阴囊彤态较满意,阴茎完全矫直.口腔形态、功能无异常.结论 联合口腔黏膜和阴囊皮瓣重建尿道组织量充裕,形成尿道狭窄率低,是一期修复尿道下裂的有效方法之一.     

自制尿道引流管在尿道下裂手术中的应用

目的观察自制尿道引流管在尿道下裂手术中的应用效果,探讨尿道下裂术后合适的引流方法。方法2001年1月至2006年1月,应用自制尿道引流管联合Foley导尿管引流修复74例尿道下裂,其中远端型尿道下裂(阴茎头、冠状沟、阴茎前1/3)22例,中段尿道下裂(阴茎中1/3)28例,近端型尿道下裂(阴茎阴囊交界、阴囊、会阴)10例,行一期尿道重建;尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄5例,尿道下裂术后尿瘘9例,行再次手术。结果74例患者术后获随访4个月~4年,3例拔导尿管后出现尿瘘,3例术后出现尿道狭窄,其中5例均已获二期手术治愈。其余67例一期治愈,无尿瘘和尿道狭窄发生。结论尿道引流管和Foley导尿管联合经尿道引流是一种尿道下裂术后有效、可行的引流方法。     

改良阴囊纵隔皮瓣一期修复尿道下裂(附16例报告)

目的：探讨应用改良阴囊纵隔皮瓣一期修复尿道下裂的可行性。方法：对16例尿道下裂患者采用改良阴囊纵隔皮瓣一期修复术。结果：除1例并发尿瘘外，余15例均获痊愈，尿道无狭窄，阴茎阴囊角正常，阴茎伸展自如。结论：改良阴囊纵隔皮瓣血运良好，一期治疗尿道下裂疗效确切，操作简单。     

镍钛尿道支架管在尿道下裂修复术中的作用

目的探讨镍钛记忆合金尿道支架管在预防尿道下裂术后尿瘘及尿道狭窄中的作用.方法 2001年1月～2004年12月,应用镍钛记忆合金尿道支架管作为尿道支架修复63例尿道下裂,其中阴茎近端型19例,阴茎阴囊型22例,阴囊会阴型8例,为一期尿道重建;尿道下裂术后尿瘘行尿瘘修补术10例;尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄再次重建尿道4例.结果 63例伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,术后获随访2个月～2年,排尿通畅,均无尿瘘和尿道狭窄发生.其中62例于术后2～3个月后拔除尿道支架,1例于12个月后拔除.结论镍钛记忆合金尿道支架管可有效预防尿道下裂术后尿瘘及尿道狭窄的发生.     

显微外科技术修复尿道下裂术后尿瘘

目的探讨显微外科技术在修复尿道下裂术后尿瘘治疗中的作用，以提高尿瘘修复成功率。方法1999年7月至2006年5月，对33例尿道下裂术后尿瘘的44个瘘口，应用显微外科技术，分别采用Thiersch偏心圆皮肤覆盖法修复28例；对伴发尿道狭窄、阴茎弯曲者5例，行阴茎瘢痕组织及狭窄尿道切除，以阴囊皮瓣重建尿道，阴茎皮瓣覆盖尿道。结果Thiersch法修复33个瘘口有5个复发；部分尿道切除加阴囊皮瓣尿道成形术修复5例，共11个瘘口，皮瓣全部成活，尿瘘无复发。结论应用显微外科技术可提高尿瘘修复的成功率，尿瘘修复的成功率还与瘘口局部情况、术式选择等有关。     

口腔粘膜片移植与局部翻转皮瓣耦合组建尿道修复各型尿道下裂

目的 探索可以修复各型尿道下裂的手术方法．方法 应用口腔粘膜片移植与局部翻转皮瓣耦合组建尿道，修复各型尿道下裂。若为会阴型尿道下裂可以分期治疗，先转变成阴茎、阴囊型尿道下裂后，再按本术式修复。结果 39例不同类型的尿道下裂(会阴型除外)应用本术式均可一期治疗成功，而且术后形态良好。结论 本术式解决了再造尿道组织不足的困难，综合运用了不同组织的优点，避免了只采用一种组织的缺点，适用于一期治疗各型尿逍下裂，有推广应用价值。     

阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂

目的探讨阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂的手术方法. 方法 1997 年～2003年,对31例尿道下裂患儿,其中阴茎阴囊型21例、会阴型10例,按照尿道下裂的不同病理解剖,进行阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣设计、移位和尿道成形修复手术.阴茎包皮岛状瓣最长7.5 cm,宽1.5～1.8 cm. 结果修复后阴茎外形良好,不臃肿、无扭曲,尿道开口达到正常解剖部位,排尿正常或接近正常.术后发生尿瘘11例,其中阴茎阴囊型6例、会阴型5例,经修补后痊愈. 结论阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂是一种实用、有效的手术方法.     

显微外科技术纵形带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期修复尿道下裂

目的 探讨显微外科技术纵形带蒂岛状包皮瓣修复尿道下裂的临床效果.方法 伴明显阴茎下弯的尿道下裂患者42例.年龄1～19岁,中位6.4岁.阴茎头冠状沟型6例、阴茎体型28例、阴茎阴囊型8例.4倍显微镜下采用纵形带蒂岛状包皮瓣术式33例,纵形带蒂岛状包皮瓣联合阴囊纵隔皮瓣成形9例.42例重建尿道平均3.6(2.5～6.0)cm. 结果 一次手术治愈38例(90.5%).术后出现尿瘘1例,行尿瘘修补治愈;尿道口狭窄2例,尿道吻合口狭窄1例,行尿道扩张后治愈.41例获随访9～52个月,平均27个月,患者均符合尿道下裂治愈标准. 结论 显微外科技术纵形带蒂岛状包皮瓣行一期尿道下裂修复手术成功率高,并发症少,值得临床推广.     

治疗先天性尿道下裂术式的比较

目的和方法：对 １８７ 例先天性尿道下裂的病人，其中阴茎型尿道下裂７６ 例（４０．６４％ ），阴茎阴囊型 １０２ 例（５４．５５％ ），会阴型９ 例（４．８１％ ）。用四种尿道下裂矫正术进行治疗。　结果：治疗结果表明，１１０ 例膀胱粘膜尿道成形术有很高的成功率，一次手术成功者１０５ 例（９５．５％ ）。同时发现膀胱粘膜极易成活，瘢痕挛缩引起的尿道狭窄少见，组织结构更符合生理解剖的要求。　结论：作者对长段尿道缺损中采用皮管与粘膜管结合法或采用粘膜补片法均取得良好的效果，从而拓宽了膀胱粘膜的应用范围。     

Surgical experience in two-stage hypospadias repair

Hypospadias can be categorized as glandis, penile, scrotal or perineal hypospadias. Diversified surgical procedures have been devised for the reparation of this congenital anomaly. The surgical method consists of 3 chief parts: avoidance of fistula formation, resection of the chordee and construction of the distal urethra. Infrequently a fistula following operation in this disease can be cured by urethral drainage, but in the majority of cases surgical repair is indispensable. Subsequently operative or postoperative complications must be decreased. The technical performance and accompanying problems for these points in the management of hypospadias are described.     

不同术式一期正位开口修复先天性尿道下裂：附114例报告

总结１１４例不同手术方式一期修复各种类型尿道下裂的经验。本组中阴茎型３０例，阴茎阴囊型６３例，会阴型２１例。阴茎型尿道下裂宜采用包皮内板转移皮瓣尿道成形术。阴囊型根据缺损尿道长短采用阴囊纵带蒂皮瓣术或包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣尿道成形术。会阴型采用包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣术或膀胱粘膜尿道造成形术本组一期手术的成功率为８４．８％。     

带蒂包皮瓣和前尿道延伸术联合治疗尿道下裂

目的 探讨带蒂包皮瓣和前尿道延伸联合修复尿道下裂的效果。方法 对12倒尿道下裂患儿联合采用带蒂包皮瓣和前尿道延伸的方法一期修复。结果 12例均获随访1～7年,1例合并吻合口狭窄和瘘,1例吻合口狭窄,均经再次手术修复治愈。全部患儿阴茎发育良好,外观及功能满意。结论 带蒂包皮瓣和前尿道延伸联合法是治疗阴茎型和阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂的较好方法。     

Combined buccal mucosa graft and local flap for urethral reconstruction in various forms of hyposapdias

PURPOSE: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital deformities in the male urogenital system. Although there are more than 250 techniques for treating hypospadias, it is often difficult to repair severe hypospadias using conventional methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We combined a buccal mucosa graft with a local onlay flap for urethral reconstruction in cases of severe hypospadias or a failed previous operation. A total of 162 patients with hypospadias (glandular 11, penile 40, penoscrotal 49, scrotal 34 and perineal 28) were treated between July 2000 and November 2003. For patients whose urethral meatus was perineal 2 treatment steps were taken. First, we used the aforementioned method to construct the penile urethra, and then we constructed the scrotal and perineal urethra with a local flap. RESULTS: Of the 134 nonperineal cases 127 were managed successfully in 1 stage, and 26 of 28 perineal cases were managed successfully in 2 stages. Most patients had a satisfactory penile appearance. A urethral fistula resulted in 8 cases, of which 4 closed spontaneously within 1 month postoperatively. Meatal stenosis occurred in 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: This technique is simple, safe and reliable, especially in cases of failed previous operation or for salvage hypospadias repair with deficient local tissue.     

带蒂阴茎、阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣正位尿道开口Ⅰ期尿道下裂成形术

目的 :探讨带蒂阴茎、阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣正位尿道开口Ⅰ期尿道下裂成形术的临床应用。　方法 :对 14 9例不同类型尿道下裂病人分别行带蒂阴茎、阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣正位尿道开口Ⅰ期成形术 ,并改进了引流形式。　结果 :一次排尿成功 12 2例 ,出现漏尿、包皮水肿 2 7例 ,其中尿道皮肤瘘 3例。　结论 :该手术方式适用于严重阴茎头型、阴茎型、轻度阴囊型的尿道下裂。该术式操作简单 ,易于掌握 ,但应注意术后感染的预防及引流管的护理     

Cecil urethroplasty with concurrent scrotoplasty for repair of hypospadias.

During 13 years about 8 per cent of 234 patients operated upon for hypospadias presented surgical problems of reconstruction of the urethra from the urethral meatus proximal to the penoscrotal junction. These cases commonly are referred to as perineal or penoscrotal hypospadias. The problem occurs when the urethral groove fails to develop adequately and the scrotal folds have failed to rotate caudally. This hypospadias is in contrast to penoscrotal or distal hypospadias, when the urethral groove is developed but fusion is incomplete. In these patients the Cecil procedure has been used but modified to extend the urethra from behind the penoscrotal junction to the glans at the second stage of the urethroplasty. The modification consists of rotating the scrotum caudally from its high location. The tension and acute angulation that contributed to frequent complications previously associated with such attempts have been avoided and results are satisfactory.     

口腔黏膜管及阴囊皮瓣分期修复成年人严重型尿道下裂

目的 总结口腔黏膜卷管游离移植及阴囊皮瓣修复成年人严重型尿道下裂的疗效.方法 应用口腔黏膜卷管游离移植预制远段尿道,二期进行吻接,同时应用以阴囊动脉为蒂的阴囊中隔皮瓣或阴囊筋膜皮瓣修复创面,皮瓣最宽3 cm,最长6.5 cm.结果 2002年1月至2007年12月,治疗成年人严重型尿道下裂患者76例,除4例并发感染、2例出现阴囊皮瓣远端血运障碍而形成尿漏,术后2～4周内自行愈合外,其余患者均一期愈合.结论 应用口腔黏膜卷管游离移植预制远段尿道,二期尿道吻接、应用阴囊皮瓣修复阴茎创面,是治疗成年人严重型尿道下裂的较好方法.     

Use of bladder mucosal graft for urethral reconstruction

BACKGROUND: The ideal tissue for complex urethral reconstruction has yet to be determined, especially in patients with deficient preputium. The use of bladder mucosa as a free graft could be an alternative in these problem cases. METHODS: Bladder mucosa graft urethroplasty was performed on 14 patients with penoscrotal or scrotal hypospadias. The mean age of the patients was 18.7 (range 14-23) years. Ten cases were subjected to primary urethral reconstruction while four cases had previous hypospadias repair. RESULTS: Complete urethral replacement by the bladder mucosa tube was performed in six patients. Meatal problems occurred in two (33.33%) patients and proximal fistula formed in one (16.67%) patient. A bladder mucosa graft was combined with preputial or tunica vaginalis grafts distally in eight cases, and one patient in the tunica vaginalis group developed fistula at the anastomosis of the bladder mucosa and tunica vaginalis grafts. The overall complication rate was 28.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Our initial results showed that bladder mucosa grafts can be used successfully for urethral reconstruction especially when combined with preputial or tunica vaginalis grafts distally.