基质金属蛋白酶-9及其组织抑制物-1在妊娠输卵管黏膜中的表达

目的:检测基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及其组织抑制物-1(TIMP-1)在输卵管黏膜中的表达,探讨与输卵管妊娠的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学显色技术和图像半定量分析法,检测MMP-9和TIMP-1在人妊娠输卵管黏膜、人正常输卵管黏膜及正常宫内早孕子宫蜕膜组织中的表达。结果:MMP-9和TIMP-1在正常宫内早孕组中表达最强,在输卵管妊娠组中的表达较强,在正常输卵管组中表达较弱。两两比较差异均有显著性。结论:MMP-9/TIMP-1参与了输卵管妊娠中胚胎着床过程,且与输卵管妊娠缺乏蜕膜化反应有关。     

白血病抑制因子在妊娠输卵管黏膜中的表达

目的探讨白血病抑制因子(LIF)与输卵管妊娠的关系。方法选择输卵管妊娠组25例、正常输卵管组28例及正常宫内早孕组30例,采用免疫组织化学染色技术及半定量病理图像分析系统检测输卵管妊娠黏膜组织、正常输卵管黏膜组织及正常宫内早孕组子宫蜕膜组织中LIF的表达。结果 LIF阳性表达在正常宫内早孕组最高,在输卵管妊娠组中较高,在正常输卵管组中最低,三组两两比较差异均有有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 LIF可能参与了输卵管妊娠发病过程,且与输卵管妊娠缺乏蜕膜化反应有关。     

输卵管妊娠与整合素β1表达及血清性激素水平的相关性

目的:探讨输卵管妊娠与整合素β1及血清雌二醇和孕酮的关系。方法:实验组采用免疫组化和图像分析检测整合素β1的表达;采用微粒子酶免疫分析检测血清雌二醇和孕酮水平。结果:输卵管妊娠组整合素β1的阳性表达显著强于正常输卵管组,但显著弱于正常宫内早孕组;输卵管妊娠组血清雌二醇和孕酮水平均显著高于正常输卵管组,但显著低于正常宫内早孕组;整合素β1在3组中的表达变化与血清雌二醇和孕酮水平变化密切相关。结论:人输卵管妊娠时输卵管黏膜较高水平的整合素β1是使滞留于输卵管的胚泡着床于输卵管的重要因素。整合素β1在人输卵管黏膜中的表达受血清雌二醇和孕酮水平的调节。     

复发性流产患者蜕膜组织NK细胞受体的表达

为探讨子宫蜕膜组织NK细胞受体的表达与复发性流产发病之间的关系,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法检测复发性难免流产及正常早孕蜕膜组织的NK细胞受体KIR2DL4、ILT-2、ILT-4 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平。研究结果显示:难免流产组KIR2DL4、ILT-2、ILT-4 mRNA水平明显低于正常妊娠组,免疫组化的结果也显示难免流产组KIR2DL4、ILT-2的分布密度低于正常妊娠组。该结果提示:NK细胞受体的表达水平与难免流产有一定关联。推测复发性流产患者KIR2DL4表达下调,可能会影响早孕期蜕膜化的关键进程,进而对妊娠结局产生不良影响;而ILT-2、ILT-4表达下调,可能使得免疫细胞活化阈值下降,导致局部效应细胞功能紊乱,最终发生流产。     

人早孕母胎界面SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3表达

目的：研究正常早孕绒毛及蜕膜组织细胞因子信号转导负调控因子（Suppressors of cytoldne signaling，SOCS）基因和蛋白水平表达，以揭示SOCS在母胎界面生理性调节作用。方法：半定量RT-PCR检测早孕绒毛组织、蜕膜组织及原代培养早孕滋养细胞、蜕膜基质细胞SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3 mRNA水平；Western blot检测早孕绒毛组织及蜕膜组织SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3蛋白表达；免疫组化定位SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3在早孕绒毛组织、蜕膜组织表达；ELISA检测滋养细胞、蜕膜基质细胞分泌IL-10、IFN-γ。结果：正常母胎界面见SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3基因表达，其中SOCS3绒毛／蜕膜阳性率73．7％／71．1％；SOCS2绒毛／蜕膜阳性率50．0％／39．5％，SOCS1最少，绒毛／蜕膜阳性率34．2％／31．6％；SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3蛋白表达与转录水平基本一致；正常母胎界面SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3表达主要定位于绒毛滋养细胞和蜕膜间质；体外无血清培养滋养细胞和蜕膜基质细胞SOCS2、SOCS3低表达，SOCS1未见表达，其分泌的IL-10随时间而增高（P〈0．05）。结论：正常早孕母胎界面表达SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3，无刺激条件下滋养细胞和蜕膜基质细胞低表达SOCS2、SOCS3，SOCS在正常妊娠Th平衡中具有重要意义。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体在子宫内膜癌中的表达

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体fms样酪氨酸受体-1 (flt-1)和含插入区的激酶受体(KDR)在子宫内膜癌血管生成中的作用及其与内膜癌分化程度的关系.方法采用免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法对23例子宫内膜癌及6例正常绝经期子宫内膜中VEGF、flt-1、KDR蛋白质及其mRNA进行检测,并对少数病例行Western印迹分析,以检测VEGF亚型在内膜癌组织的分布,用内皮细胞标志Ⅷ因子标记内膜癌组织中的微血管密度.结果 VEGF、flt-1、KDR蛋白质及其mRNA主要分布在子宫内膜癌组织血管内皮细胞及癌细胞胞质内.VEGF蛋白质在中分化(G2)、低分化(G3)内膜癌血管内皮细胞及癌细胞上的表达高于高分化内膜癌(G1)及正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05), VEGF mRNA在不同分化程度内膜癌组织的表达差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),但均大于正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05);flt-1蛋白质及flt-1mRNA在G3内膜癌血管内皮细胞的表达高于G1、G2及正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05),在癌细胞的表达差异无显著性意义(P>0.05) ,但均高于正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05);KDR蛋白质在子宫内膜癌组织血管内皮细胞及癌细胞上的表达较强,但不随分化程度发生变化,其mRNA在中分化(G2)、低分化(G3)内膜癌血管内皮细胞及癌细胞上的表达高于正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05).G3子宫内膜癌组织的血管密度(48个±12个)高于G1(27个±14个)、G2(26个±16个)及正常绝经期子宫内膜(26个±11个,P<0.05).结论 VEGF、flt-1、KDR及mRNA在子宫内膜癌中的表达形式提示其与癌组织血管生成及血管通透性相关,VEGF及其受体是与子宫内膜癌旺盛生长相关的因子之一.     

ER、PR、VEGF及其受体在宫内节育器引起子宫异常出血中作用的研究

目的　探讨雌激素受体 (ER)、孕激素受体 (PR)、血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)及其受体 (KDR)在宫内节育器 (IUD)致子宫异常出血中的作用。　方法　对放置IUD后异常出血的子宫内膜 (IUD出血组 )和正常子宫内膜(正常对照组 )进行免疫组织化学染色 ,检测内膜组织中ER、PR、VEGF、KDR的含量 ,并以抗第八因子相关抗原 (F8 AR)抗体标记间质微血管 ,进行微血管计数。　结果　 1 IUD出血组ER表达明显强于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;PR的表达则无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。 2 IUD出血组VEGF和KDR的表达明显强于正常对照组 (P <0 0 0 1)。 3 IUD出血组微血管密度 (MVD)明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 0 1)。　结论　IUD所致的子宫异常出血与ER、VEGF和KDR表达的增多所导致的MVD的增高有关。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体在肝癌细胞中的表达及意义

目的 探讨人肝癌细胞株血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其受体的表达,进一步认识VEGF在肝癌血管形成中的作用机制,方法 以人脐静脉血管内皮细胞系ECV304和小鼠成纤维细胞系L929作为对照,采用免疫组化染色及RT-PCR,检测体外培养的人肝细胞肝癌细胞系SMMC7721、HHCC和HepG2中VEGF及其受体的表达。结果 SMMC7721、HHCC和HepG2细胞均有VEGF的表达。同时VEGF受体1（Flt-1)在SMMC7721细胞中也有表达;而HHCC和HepG2细胞则表达VEGF的受体2（KDR）。结论 在肝癌的血管形成中可能存在VEGF的自分泌机制。     

早孕绒毛及蜕膜组织中酪氨酸磷酸酶-1 / 2( SHP-1,SHP-2) 与吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶( IDO) 的表达及其相关性

目的:研究母胎界面中吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)及酪氨酸磷酸酶-1/2(SHP-1,SHP-2)的表达及其相关性,以探索母胎免疫耐受的新机制。方法:30 例正常早孕6 ~8 周妇女行人工流产获取绒毛及蜕膜组织,用Western blot 方法检测绒毛、蜕膜组织中的酪氨酸磷酸酶-1/2(SHP-1、SHP-2)与IDO 的蛋白表达,分析IDO 与SHP-1、SHP-2 的相关性。结果:人早孕绒毛及蜕膜组织中均有SHP-1、SHP-2 的表达,与IDO 的表达呈正相关;SHP-1、SHP-2 和IDO 在蜕膜组织中的表达均高于绒毛;结论:在正常生理妊娠状态下,母胎界面中SHP-1、SHP-2可能参与调节IDO 的表达,在维持母胎界面的免疫耐受状态起着重要作用。     

早孕期人蜕膜趋化因子CCL2及其受体CCR2的表达及意义

目的：分析人早孕蜕膜及蜕膜基质细胞趋化因子受体CCR2及其配体CCL2在人早孕蜕膜组织及蜕膜基质细胞的表达和分泌，以探讨CCR2／CCL2在母-胎界面的生物学作用。方法：收集早孕期蜕膜组织，分离蜕膜基质细胞，分别用半定量RT-PCR、免疫化学方法分析正常人早孕蜕膜组织和培养的人蜕膜基质细胞CCR2／CCL2表达；并且用流式细胞术和ELISA法分别检测蜕膜基质细胞表面CCR2的表达和培养的蜕膜基质细胞上清中CCL2的分泌。结果：人早孕蜕膜组织和蜕膜基质细胞均高水平转录和翻译CCR2／CCL2，培养的基质细胞能分泌大量的CCL2，其分泌量呈时间依赖性。结论：早孕蜕膜高表达和分泌CCR2／CCL2可能参与早孕期母一胎免疫调节。     

Strong expression of kinase insert domain-containing receptor, a vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma and cutaneous angiosarcoma.

Vascular permeability factor (VPF), also known as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plays an important role in the angiogenesis associated with the growth of many human and animal tumors. VPF/VEGF stimulates endothelial cell growth and increases microvascular permeability by interacting with two endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptors, KDR and flt-1. We studied 16 cases of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), 2 cases of cutaneous angiosarcoma, and 6 cases of capillary hemangioma by in situ hybridization for expression of VPF/VEGF, KDR, and flt-1 mRNAs. We also performed immunohistochemical staining for VPF/VEGF protein in 15 cases. Tumor cells in KS and angiosarcoma strongly expressed KDR but not flt-1 mRNA. Endothelial cells in small stromal vessels in and around these tumors strongly expressed both KDR and flt-1 mRNAs. Tumor cells expressed VPF/VEGF mRNA strongly in only one case of KS, adjacent to an area of necrosis. This was also the only case in which the tumor cells stained substantially for VPF/VEGF protein. VPF/VEGF mRNA and protein were, however, strongly expressed by squamous epithelium in areas of hyperplasia and near areas of ulceration overlying tumors. VPF/VEGF mRNA was also expressed focally at lower levels by infiltrating inflammatory cells, probably macrophages. The strong expression of both KDR and flt-1 in small stromal vessels in and around tumors suggests that VPF/VEGF may be an important regulator of the edema and angiogenesis seen in these tumors. The strong expression of KDR by tumor cells in KS and angiosarcoma implies that VPF/VEGF may also have a direct effect on tumor cells. Tumor cells in four of six capillary hemangiomas strongly expressed both KDR and flt-1 mRNAs in contrast to the high level expression of only KDR observed in the malignant vascular tumors studied. Neither VPF/VEGF mRNA or protein were strongly expressed in capillary hemangiomas. VPF/VEGF and its receptors may play an important but as yet incompletely understood role in the pathogenesis of both benign and malignant vascular tumors.     

Expression of a flt-4 (VEGFR3) splicing variant in primary human prostate tumors. VEGF D and flt-4t(Delta773-1081) overexpression is diagnostic for sentinel lymph node metastasis

Utilizing a cDNA expression library established from human prostate PC-3ML tumor cells, we have cloned a truncated flt-4 gene, termed flt-4t(Delta773-1081). We have then utilized RNase protection and ELISA to measure the relative levels of VEGF B, C, D and flt-1, KDR, flt-4 and flt-4t(Delta773-1081) expression in freshly isolated benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH tissue (n=21), primary prostate cancers (n=82) and matching sentinel lymph node metastases from stage T2a-T2b/T3 tumors (n=52). Comparisons of the primary tumors with BPH showed that there was a significant upregulation of VEGF-B (P=0.003), VEGF D (P=0.005), flt-1 (P=0.003), KDR (P=0.002), flt-4 (P=0.007), and flt-4t(Delta773-1081) (P=0.001), but not VEGF-C (P=0.543). There was no correlation between VEGF-B and its receptor flt-1 (P=0.545), or VEGF-C and flt-4 (P=0.16) and KDR (P=0.23) receptor expression in tumor specimens. Conversely, there was no significant relationship between VEGF-D and the flt-4t(Delta773-1081) receptor (P=0.516) expression. Statistical analysis further showed that there was no significant correlation between VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, flt-1, KDR, flt-4 and flt-4t(Delta773-1081) with patient age (P>0.10), stage (P>0.10), PSA value (P>0.15) or tumor size (P>0.15). Likewise, there was no significant correlation between VEGF-B, VEGF-C, flt-1, KDR, and flt-4 with Gleason score (P>0.15). In comparison, flt-4t(Delta773-1081) levels clearly increased significantly in Gleason score 7 and Gleason score 8-10 tumors as well as in stage T2a-T2b/T3 tumors. The studies were extended to compare gene expression profiles in T2a-T2b and T3 tumors with (n=26) and without (n=26) matching sentinel lymph node metastases. The data showed that VEGF D and flt-4t(Delta773-1081) expression levels were significantly elevated in primary tumors with sentinel lymph node involvement compared to those lacking lymph node involvement (P>0.0022 and 0.006, respectively). These data suggest that targeting VEGF D and flt-4t(Delta773-1081) receptors may be particularly effective in the prevention of lymph node metastases.     

胰岛素对牛胸主动脉内皮细胞血管内皮生长因子及其受体表达的影响

目的:评价胰岛素对培养的牛胸主动脉内皮细胞血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体表达的影响。方法: 取新生的小牛胸主动脉,做血管内皮细胞原代及传代培养,取4-6代培养细胞分组,应用不同浓度的胰岛素(30 mU/L、300 mU/L、3 000 mU/L)干预培养过程,48 h后应用免疫组化法测定内皮细胞VEGF及其受体(flt-1、flk-1/KDR)的表达水平。结果: 低浓度胰岛素组(30 mU/L、300 mU/L)内皮细胞VEGF表达明显高于不用胰岛素组(P<0.01);高浓度组(3 000 mU/L)内皮细胞VEGF表达明显低于不用胰岛素组(P＜0.05);各组内皮细胞VEGF受体(flt-1及flk-1/KDR)的表达无明显差异(P＞0.05)。结论: 低浓度胰岛素促进小牛主动脉血管内皮细胞VEGF表达;高浓度胰岛素可抑制血管内皮细胞VEGF表达;胰岛素对小牛主动脉血管内皮细胞VEGF受体(flt-1、flk-1/KDR)的表达无直接影响。     

Phosphorylated KDR expression in endometrial cancer cells relates to HIF1alpha/VEGF pathway and unfavourable prognosis.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor for many malignant neoplasms exerting its function through activation of specific membrane receptors, that is, KDR/flk-1, residing in endothelial cells. Several recent reports indicate that VEGF receptors are also expressed in cancer cells, suggesting that specific VEGF-originated cancer cell reactions may parallel the endothelial response. Using a novel monoclonal antibody, recognizing the activated (phosphorylated) form of the KDR receptor (pKDR), we assessed the expression of pKDR in normal and malignant endometrium. A strong and consistent cytoplasmic and nuclear pKDR expression was noted in the normally cycling endometrium, including epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells, suggesting a role in the normal menstrual cycle. Approximately, one-third of the 70 stage I endometrioid adenocarcinomas analysed exhibited an intense cytoplasmic and nuclear pKDR expression in both cancer cells and peritumoral vessels. It was noted that such pKDR reactivity in cancer cells was related directly to VEGF, VEGF/KDR complexes and HIF1alpha (hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha) expression. Furthermore, pKDR expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis. It is concluded that the VEGF/KDR pathway is activated in both normally cycling and malignant endometrium, suggestive of an important role in the biology of this tissue. The unfavourable prognosis that VEGF confers to endometrial adenocarcinomas could be attributed to its angiogenic activity, but also to a direct effect on cancer cells through an autocrine VEGF/KDR loop.