改良经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床应用

目的:探讨改良经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的手术方法及临床价值。方法:2010年1月至2012年5月为39例阑尾炎患者行改良经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术。脐部做15 mm切口,置入10 mm 30度腹腔镜,再锐性置入1把3 mm操作钳,并联合应用临床常用气腹针。结果:39例手术均获成功,无一例中转开腹或常规腹腔镜手术。手术时间平均(30±5.6)min,平均住院(4±1.5)d。术后随访1～29个月,无切口感染、再发右下腹痛等并发症发生。结论:改良经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术操作方便、可行,具有疗效确切、患者创伤小、康复快、美容效果好、住院费用低等优点,适合临床推广应用。     

常规器械行改良经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的:探讨采用常规腹腔镜手术器械行改良经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的应用价值、适应证及操作技术要点。方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2016年12月137例采用常规腹腔镜手术器械行改良经脐单孔LC患者的临床资料。结果:128例顺利完成改良经脐单孔LC,成功率93.43%。9例由于术中操作困难改行两孔或三孔法LC,无一例中转开腹。术后患者均恢复良好,无术后出血、胆漏、继发胆总管结石等并发症发生。结论:采用常规腹腔镜手术器械行改良经脐单孔LC是安全、可行的,与其他经脐单孔LC相比,改良LC在减少手术费用与创伤,增加手术操作的舒适性、安全性及术后美容效果等方面均具有明显优势,值得推广应用。     

改良式腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术178例分析

目的 :探讨改良式腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术手术指征、手术操作及临床应用价值。方法 :回顾分析 2 0 0 0年 8月至 2 0 0 2年 10月间行改良式腹腔镜下鞘膜内子宫切除术 178例患者的临床资料。结果 :178例均手术顺利 ,平均手术时间 98 2 7± 2 6 6 5min ,术中出血量 116 11± 5 3 5 0ml。平均术后住院时间 5 16±1 5 1d。无手术并发症。结论 :该术式具有创伤小 ,出血少 ,恢复快 ,并发症少 ,保护器官功能等优点 ,是一种安全、理想的手术方式。腹部手术史并非腹腔镜手术的绝对禁忌证。     

改良单孔腹腔镜与传统手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的对比研究

目的:探讨改良单孔腹腔镜技术在小儿疝手术中的应用价值及临床疗效,并与传统手术治疗小儿腹股沟疝进行对比分析。方法:2010年12月至2012年12月收治126例单侧腹股沟疝患儿,61例行改良单孔腹腔镜手术(改良组),65例行传统手术(传统组),改良组应用普通外科缝针于腹腔镜下荷包缝合内环口2圈。对比两组手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、术后并发症等指标。结果:改良组手术时间、住院时间少于传统组(P<0.01),住院费用高于传统组(P<0.01),两组术后并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:具备一定腹腔镜操作经验的术者行改良单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝安全、有效,无需特殊的手术器械,患儿创伤小,美容效果好,手术时间及住院时间短,可同时发现并处理对侧隐性疝,是较理想的术式。     

腹腔镜脑室腹膜分流术治疗脑积水并发症的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜脑室腹膜分流术治疗脑积水的临床应用价值,总结并发症发生的原因及预防措施.方法:回顾分析60例患者行腹腔镜脑室腹膜分流术的临床资料.结果:60例患者无一例手术死亡,40例术后临床症状较术前明显改善,14例发生并发症,发生率约23.3%,其中分流管梗阻6例,感染4例,硬膜下积液4例.结论:严格掌握手术指征,...     

改良两孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术106例报告

目的:探讨改良两孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术的手术方法及优点。方法:回顾分析2012年3月至2013年5月为106例急、慢性阑尾炎患者行改良两孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床资料,评价分析手术操作过程、术后恢复及出院后回访情况。结果:106例手术均顺利完成,手术时间18~46 min,平均(25±6.5)min;手术操作简单,术后仅5例应用镇痛药,无腹腔残余感染、肠漏、肠梗阻等并发症发生,腹部仅2个切口,均一期愈合。住院2~5 d,平均(3±1.5)d。结论:改良两孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有手术时间短、患者创伤小、疼痛轻、住院时间短等优点,切口较小,术后腹壁疤痕不明显,更具心理与美容效果。     

腹腔镜子宫全切除改良术92例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜子宫全切除改良术手术操作及临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2003年8月至2006年12月行腹腔镜子宫全切除改良术92例患者的临床资料。结果:92例均于腹腔镜下完成,平均手术时间(128.3±40.7)min,术中平均出血(186.6±85.4)ml,术后平均住院时间(4.1±2.2)d。术中发生输尿管损伤1例,腹腔镜下行输尿管吻合术。结论:此术式具有患者创伤小,出血少,康复快等优点,是一种安全、理想的手术方式。腹部手术史并非腹腔镜手术的绝对禁忌证。     

泌尿外科传统腹腔镜手术严重并发症的分析(附2800例报告)

目的:总结泌尿外科传统腹腔镜手术的严重并发症,分析其类型、原因、发病率、治疗措施及预后,以提高手术安全性.方法:回顾分析1999年10月至2011年3月施行2 800例泌尿外科传统腹腔镜手术的临床资料.总结与腹腔镜操作相关的严重并发症,分析与穿刺、气腹、术中操作及术后相关并发痘的发生原因、处理对策.结果:2 800例手...     

改良腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术效果探讨

目的:比较改良腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术与开腹全子宫切除术的临床效果.方法:选取2006年4月至2011年6月住院治疗的126例全子宫切除术患者为研究对象,其中改良腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术(研究组)67例,开腹全子宫切除术(对照组)59例,比较两组术中出血、手术时间及术后并发症发生率.结果:两组患者术中出血及术后并发症发生率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:与开腹全子宫切除术相比,改良腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术具有更好的临床效果.     

改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术62例报告

目的:探讨改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗小儿急性阑尾炎的可行性、优点及注意事项。方法:回顾分析2011年6月至2012年5月采用改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗62例小儿急性阑尾炎患者的临床资料。结果:62例均顺利完成改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜阑尾切除术,手术时间平均(48±13)min,术后12~23 h恢复通气。4例患儿术后2~3 d右上腹切口感染,经换药、微波理疗1周后愈合。术后均无粪瘘,腹、盆腔脓肿及粘连性肠梗阻等其他并发症发生,术后平均住院(4±1)d。随访1~2年,无粘连性肠梗阻等相关并发症发生。结论:改良两孔悬吊法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗小儿急性阑尾炎具有创伤小、康复快、住院时间短、并发症少、安全有效等优点,但应根据术中实际情况操作,切不可盲目追求微创。     

Laparoscopic guidance or revision of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children.

BACKGROUND: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is the preferred treatment for hydrocephalus. Known complications include infection, obstruction, and disconnection with the fractured fragment migrating in the peritoneal cavity. We report 17 cases of laparoscopic evaluation and revision of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children. METHODS: From January 2000 through October 2002, we retrospectively reviewed our experience with laparoscopy and ventriculoperitoneal shunts. RESULTS: Laparoscopy was performed in 17 children with a malfunctioning shunt, presumed shunt dislodgment or disconnection, reinsertion of a shunt after externalization, and primary shunt placement. Six patients (35%) were converted to an open laparotomy due to dense adhesions. Eleven patients (65%) underwent successful laparoscopic-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement: 5/11 (45%) had lysis of adhesions or pseudocyst marsupialization with repositioning of a functional shunt, or both; 3/11 (27%) had successful retrieval of a disconnected catheter with reinsertion of a new catheter; 2/11 (18%) had laparoscopic confirmation of satisfactory placement and function, requiring no revision; 1/11 (9%) had an initial shunt placed with laparoscopic guidance due to the obesity. Operative time for the laparoscopic procedure ranged from 30 minutes to 60 minutes. All laparoscopic procedures used 1-mm or two 5-mm ports. Perioperatively, no adverse neurological sequelae occurred due to the pneumoperitoneum. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic guidance or revision of ventriculoperitoneal shunts permits (1) direct visualization of catheter insertion within the peritoneal cavity, (2) satisfactory positioning, (3) lysis of adhesions or marsupialization with catheter repositioning, or both, and (4) retrieval of fractured catheters.     

Laparoscopic surgery in children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts may require laparoscopic surgery. The authors aimed to determine if this group of children are at greater risk for complications or technical problems. METHODS: Children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts who underwent laparoscopic surgery between 1995 and 1998 were reviewed. In addition, the subset of children undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication were compared with the group of children without shunts who- had the same operation during the same period. RESULTS: Ten children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts underwent laparoscopic surgery. Three had complications, none of which were caused by the shunt. None had any evidence of shunt dysfunction related to the laparoscopic procedure. The 6 children with shunts who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication were compared with 17 similar children without shunts who underwent the same operation during the same period. There were no differences between the groups with respect to operating time, conversion to an open approach, or complications. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery can be performed safely and effectively in children with ventriculoperitoneal shunts.     

Laparoscopic surgery in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts: safety and monitoring

PURPOSE: It was suggested that patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt are at risk for increased intracranial pressure during pneumoperitoneum. Shunt pressure monitoring and ventricular drainage to maintain normal pressure were recommended. We evaluated a series of patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt who underwent laparoscopic surgery to determine the clinical indications of increased intracranial pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the anesthesia records of 12 females and 6 males with a mean age of 13.2 years who had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and underwent a total of 19 consecutive laparoscopic operations. Data on operative time, carbon dioxide level, pulse, blood pressure and any untoward anesthetic events were obtained. Postoperative records were assessed for evidence of neurological change. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 7 hours 13 minutes and estimated mean laparoscopic time was 2 hours 52 minutes. Average insufflation pressure was 16 mm. Hg (range 12 to 20). There was no evidence of a trend to combined bradycardia and hypertension or surgically related neurological deterioration and no untoward anesthetic events. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision was done in 3 cases, a rate consistent with that in the literature. Mean followup was 23.4 months (range 1 to 58). CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of clinically significant increased intracranial pressure in our series or in the literature in patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt who undergo laparoscopy. Invasive methods for shunt monitoring are not without risk. Routine anesthetic monitoring should remain the standard of care in the absence of clear evidence to the contrary.     

脑室腹腔分流术治疗脑积水83例临床分析

目的探讨脑室腹腔分流术治疗脑积水的手术技巧和并发症的防治,以提高手术疗效。方法回顾性分析83例脑积水患者的临床资料,均行脑室腹腔分流术治疗。结果 83例均获随访,平均18月(9月~6年)。术后症状明显改善57例,好转21例,症状无明显改善5例。11例发生术后并发症,其中分流管阻塞4例,术后感染3例,硬膜下血肿1例,硬膜下积液1例,裂隙脑室1例,癫痫1例。结论正确选择分流装置的置放路径,采用规范的手术操作和严格的无菌技术可有效降低脑室腹腔分流术后并发症的发生,提高临床疗效。     

Laparoscopic cecal cancer resection in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: A case report

INTRODUCTIONThe presence of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt has been considered to be a contraindication for laparoscopic surgery till date; however, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was recently reported as safe for patients with this shunt.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe present the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of laparoscopic colectomy for cecal cancer in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. A 59-year-old woman with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus was referred to our hospital with cecal cancer. Laparoscopic cecal cancer resection was performed successfully and uneventfully by manipulating the shunt.DISCUSSIONClamping of the shunt catheter at the subcutaneous region was performed before insufflation of carbon dioxide to prevent adverse effects from the pneumoperitoneum.CONCLUSIONWe believe that laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer can be performed safely in patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt by optimal manipulation of the shunt.     

Assessment of a Quick Reference Table Algorithm for Determining Initial Postoperative Pressure Settings of Programmable Pressure Valves in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: SINPHONI Subanalysis

BACKGROUND:: Management of overdrainage complications in shunted patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) remains a difficult task despite the use of programmable pressure valves. OBJECTIVE:: To assess the usefulness of a quick reference table (QRT) algorithm for achieving a suitable initial programmable pressure valve setting in INPH patients who participated in the Study for INPH on Neurological Improvement (SINPHONI). METHODS:: One hundred registered patients diagnosed with probable INPH were treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunts using Codman-Hakim programmable valves (CHPVs). In this series, the initial CHPV setting was decided prospectively according to the QRT algorithm. Shunt effectiveness, complications, and the number of CHPV readjustments during follow-up periods were investigated. RESULTS:: Eighty patients were considered better than shunt responders (more than 1 point improvement in modified Rankin Scale at any follow-up period). Readjustments of CHPVs within 3 months after treatment with ventriculoperitoneal shunt were performed 56 times in 44 cases (44%, 0.56 times/patient). Low-pressure headache occurred in 9 patients, all of whom improved by readjustment alone. Nontraumatic subdural fluid collections and chronic subdural hematomas occurred in 15 cases (15%); however, most of the cases were subclinical and improved after CHPV readjustments alone. Burr hole irrigation was necessary in only 1 case. CONCLUSION:: Use of the QRT algorithm was associated with a decrease in postoperative CHPV readjustments and serious overdrainage complications during the follow-up period. The QRT algorithm is an easy, safe, and effective method for determining the initial CHPV pressure setting in INPH patients. ABBREVIATIONS:: CHPV, Codman-Hakim programmable valveCSDH, chronic subdural hematomaGR, good recoveryIAP, intra-abdominal pressureICP, intracranial pressureINPH, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalusLPH, low pressure headachemRS, modified Rankin ScaleNR, nonresponderPPV, programmable pressure valveQRT, quick reference tableSFC, subdural fluid collectionSINPHONI, Study for Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus on Neurological ImprovementSR, shunt responderVP, ventriculoperitoneal.     

A retrospective analysis of laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunts

Background: During the last two years, laparoscopy has been utilized to facilitate the rapid, safe and direct placement of the abdominal component of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. This study was undertaken to review the feasibility, benefits, technique, and clinical application of laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal (LAVP) shunt placement. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the records of six patients who underwent LAVP shunt placement was undertaken. The sex, age, technique, indication for surgery, comorbid conditions, complications operative time, results, and mortality were noted. Results: All patients underwent successful shunt placement. This included placement in the face of previous abdominal surgery, including a percutaneous gastrostomy. The one major complication, hemothorax, was not associated with the laparoscopic portion of the procedure. Conclusions: Using basic laparoscopic skills and nonspecialized equipment, laparoscopic assistance in ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement offers easy, direct placement of the intraabdominal portion of the catheter in most situations and provides definite patient benefits.Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Orlando, Florida, USA, 11–14 March 1995     

脑室腹腔分流术治疗脑积水38例分析

目的 总结脑室腹腔分流术在治疗脑积水过程中的手术技巧和并发症的防治,以提高手术疗效.方法 对38例脑积水患者行脑室腹腔分流术治疗.结果 38例患者经过随访（平均6个月）.术后症状明显改善26例,好转9例,症状无明显改善3例.8例发生术后并发症,其中术后感染2例,分流管阻塞l例,分流不足3例,硬膜下积液1例,癫痫1例.结论 正确选择分流装置的置放路径,采用规范的手术操作和严格的无菌技术可有效降低脑室腹腔分流术后并发症的发生,提高临床疗效.     

Laparoscopic management of ventriculoperitoneal and lumboperitoneal shunt complications.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Minimally invasive approaches for the initial placement of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) and lumboperitoneal (LP) shunts have been well described. A laparoscopic approach has multiple advantages over open techniques, including decreased morbidity, more rapid recovery, and ability to visually assess catheter function. However, few series have addressed the role of laparoscopy in the management of VP and LP shunt complications. METHODS: We present here the largest published series of laparoscopic treatment of VP and LP shunt complications in adults, by retrospectively reviewing all cases performed in a 1-year interval by a single surgeon. RESULTS: Ten patients presented with complications of previous shunting; all were managed laparoscopically. Eighty percent of these patients had a successful single laparoscopic intervention. One patient developed a cerebrospinal fluid leak from the lumbar wound, and 2 patients required additional laparoscopic shunt revisions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that laparoscopy has great utility in the assessment of shunt function. Laparoscopic techniques should be considered not only for placement of peritoneal catheters, but also for the management of distal shunt malfunction and diagnosis of abdominal pain in these patients.