异丙酚镇静麻醉胃镜检查并发症的预防和治疗

目的探讨异丙酚镇静麻醉胃镜检查并发症的预防和治疗。方法对1358例患者应用单纯异丙酚静脉麻醉后进行胃镜检查，并观察和治疗出现的并发症。结果静注异丙酚后全组血压、心率、呼吸频率均有不同程度的下降，绝大多数的下降在正常范围内，不须处理。有2例(0．15％)发生低血压，经静注麻黄碱后血压回升；3例(0．22％)发生心动过缓，经静注阿托品后心率恢复正常；318例(23．42％)出现咳嗽，经增加首剂用药量和避免胃镜碰撞会厌软骨和喉头后咳嗽病例明显减少；16例(1．18％)发生严重呛咳伴血氧饱和度降低，经抽吸咽喉分泌物、抬高下颌和加大氧流量后，呛咳明显减轻，血氧饱和度恢复正常；吹干胃镜、插镜经过会厌部时禁止打气打水、检查前咽部禁止用药能有效地预防呛咳；46例(3．39％)诉注射部位疼痛，选择较粗的静脉注射和减慢注药速度可减轻疼痛；43例(3．17％)出现恶心，2例(0．15％)发生膈肌痉挛，轻柔的操作和增加首剂用药量可减轻这些副反应；39例(2．87％)检查后出现眩晕，卧床和延迟唤醒患者可防治此并发症。结论异丙酚镇静麻醉胃镜检查是一种安全有效的检查方法，科学的防治措施是成功检查和减少并发症的关键。     

The anesthetic effect of different drugs in painless gastroscopy of elderly patients

目的 探讨老年患者无痛胃镜检查中最佳麻醉用药配方,以提高老年患者无痛胃镜检查的安全性.方法 将270例健康状态符合美国麻醉医师学会生理状态分类等级(ASA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级拟行无痛胃镜检查的老年患者随机分为3组.Ⅰ组为单纯异丙酚组,Ⅱ组为异丙酚复合芬太尼组,Ⅲ组为异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼组.比较各组药物在老年患者无痛胃镜检查中的作用.结果 3组患者麻醉满意度均为100％.检查中3组患者的平均动脉压、心率、呼吸、潮气量均低于检查前,而呼吸末二氧化碳分压均高于检查前.Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组相比,其平均动脉压、心率、呼吸、潮气量下降幅度,而呼吸末二氧化碳分压上升的幅度大;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的异丙酚用量明显少于Ⅰ组;Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组的不良反应较Ⅱ组多.结论 单用异丙酚、芬太尼复合异丙酚以及瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚均能满足老年患者无痛胃镜检查的要求,但综合分析麻醉效果及其安全性,芬太尼复合异丙酚更具优越性.     

老年冠心病患者麻醉胃镜安全性的评估

目的 研究异丙酚和芬太尼联合静脉麻醉运用于老年冠心病患者胃镜检查中的安全性。方法 选择胃镜检查中自愿接受麻醉的老年冠心病患者24例为麻醉胃镜组(A组)，另30例常规胃镜检查的老年冠心病患者为非麻醉胃镜对照组(B组)，A组于镜检前静脉推注异丙酚和芬太尼，检测两组患者在检查前、检查中、检查后的心率、心律、血压、氧饱和度和心电图表现等。结果 麻醉组的各项生理指标较对照组稳定，引起心脏意外的风险明显减少，安全可行。结论 异丙酚和芬太尼联合静脉麻醉运用于老年冠心病患者是安全可行的，但应在有经验的麻醉医师实施和监控下及有抢救条件的胃镜室进行。     

氯胺酮与利多卡因预注射对无痛人工流产术中麻醉作用的影响

90例行无痛人工流产术（人流术）．患者随机分为3组（每组各30例）。术中于外周静脉置管上端扎紧袖带，分别静注氯胺酮10mg（K组）、利多卡因20mg（L组）和生理盐水2ml（S组），5s后袖带放开，在30s内推注异丙酚1．5mg／kg后，并于15s内完成注射痛的评估后，在30s内静注雷米芬太尼1．5μg／kg。记录诱导后1～5min呼吸、循环情况及辅助用药情况。认为人流术前应用利多卡因和氯胺酮预注射可有效减轻异丙酚注射痛；氯胺酮对异丙酚、雷米芬太尼引起的血压下降有一定治疗作用，但增加了呼吸抑制的发生。     

异丙酚复合芬太尼麻醉在无痛支气管镜检查中的镇静与安全性评价

目的研究异丙酚复合芬太尼麻醉用于无痛电子支气管镜检查的效果及安全性。方法选择30例电子支气管镜检查患者,随机分成两组,A组异丙酚复合芬太尼麻醉、B组（对照组）静脉注射生理盐水10ml;观察每组的镇静效果及检查前、检查中（给药后）及完全清醒的血压、心率、呼吸、血气分析。结果镇静结果显示A组均无痛苦及任何不适应感觉,但B组均感觉恐惧及痛苦;检查中A组血压、呼吸呈下降趋势,心率由检查前的增快降至正常水平,B组血压、心率明显升高。两组血压、呼吸、心率比较差异显著具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论异丙酚复合芬太尼麻醉在无痛支气管镜检查中减少了躁动、呛咳、屏气引起的检查中断,镇静效果明显优于局部麻醉组,相对安全、无痛苦,值得荐用。     

达克罗宁联合利多卡因、咪达唑仑和芬太尼复合麻醉在支气管镜检查中的应用

目的观察达克罗宁胶浆联合利多卡因、咪达唑仑、芬太尼静脉复合麻醉在支气管镜检查中的麻醉效果及安全性。方法将拟行支气管镜检查患者160例分为观察组80例和对照组80例。对照组给予利多卡因表面麻醉联合咪达唑仑、芬太尼静脉复合麻醉;观察组在对照组基础上,于术前加用达克罗宁胶浆含服。观察两组患者血压、心率、呼吸及氧饱和度在术前、进声门及术中的变化,比较两组患者术中麻醉效果及术后麻醉满意度。结果观察组和对照组分别有1例、4例因麻醉效果差而改用全麻完成检查,最终观察组79例、对照组76例获得完整数据。两组患者在进声门时及术中血压、心率、呼吸均有所增高,氧饱和度在进声门时短暂下降,术中恢复至术前水平,观察组血压、心率、呼吸、氧饱和度的波动幅度低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术中麻醉效果优良率及术后麻醉满意度高于对照组(P0.05)。结论在支气管镜检查中应用达克罗宁胶浆联合利多卡因、咪达唑仑、芬太尼静脉复合麻醉减轻了病人的痛苦,提高了麻醉效果。     

瑞芬太尼、异丙酚和阿托品联合应用对老年人胃镜检查时心肺功能的影响

目的观察瑞芬太尼、异丙酚联合阿托品对老年人胃镜检查中呼吸、循环功能的影响。方法接受胃镜检查的240例老年患者随机分为4组，瑞芬组经静脉缓慢注入阿托品、瑞芬太尼和异丙酚，达到镇静3～4级后行胃镜检查，设老年常规胃镜检查为对照Ⅰ组，单纯异丙酚为对照Ⅱ组，异丙酚＋芬太尼为对照Ⅲ组。记录各组基础值及检查中、检查后的HR，SpO2，NBP；观察检查中患者反应及检查后的不良反应。结果全组操作顺利完成，无严重并发症出现，效果满意。瑞芬组虽有一过性氧饱和度降低（P〈0.05），但可自动恢复。与基础值相比，检查中、检查后的SBP，DBP无明显改变（P〉0.05）。结论瑞芬太尼、异丙酚联合阿托品用于老年人胃镜检查，具有安全无痛、无不良记忆、利于检查操作等优点，对病人呼吸、循环功能无明显抑制作用。     

丁卡因表面麻醉复合神经安定镇痛麻醉在无痛胃镜检查和治疗中的应用

目的探讨丁卡因表面麻醉复合清醒镇静麻醉在无痛胃镜检查和治疗中应用的安全性和依从性。方法105例行无痛胃镜检查患者静注芬太尼1．5μg／kg，氟哌利多2．5～4．0mg，1％盐酸丁卡因注射液口咽腔喷雾，6min后进行胃镜检查，并进行多功能监护。结果所有受检者中90例均可顺利完成检查，无明显因手术操作引起的呛咳，咽喉部无反射（如恶心、呕吐等），无肢体挣扎等表现，检查中血压、心率、氧饱和度均较平稳，其中有13例术中有呛咳给于加深麻醉后好转完成操作。结论丁卡因表面麻醉复合清醒镇静麻醉在胃镜检查应用简单、无痛，安全性高，增加了患者的依从性，值得临床推广。     

瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚在婴幼儿支气管异物取出术中的应用

将40例支气管异物患儿分为芬太尼组(F组)和瑞芬太尼组(R组)。两组患儿均接受阿托品、羟丁酸钠、异丙酚、氟美松静脉复合麻醉,R组持续静脉泵入瑞芬太尼,F组分次静注芬太尼。自主呼吸满意度、高频通气总时间、镜检满意度以R组明显优于F组,术后出室时间以R组较F组明显缩短。认为瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉可为婴幼儿支气管异物取出术提供稳定的血流动力学状态、快速苏醒和较高的满意度。     

异丙酚与芬太尼麻醉用于人工流产术4000例报告

1997年 6月至 2 0 0 0年 10月 ,我们应用异丙酚及芬太尼复合麻醉施行人工流产术 40 0 0例 ,取得满意效果。资料与方法 :本组年龄 18～ 44岁 ,体重 40～ 80 kg,妊娠 6～ 12周。初孕妇 16 0 0例。方法 :选择手背或前臂较大静脉建立静脉通道 ,观察记录用药前患者呼吸、循环情况。静注芬太尼 1μg/ kg。患者取截石位 ,常规消毒、铺巾 ,准备手术器械。芬太尼用药 3分钟后静注异丙酚脂肪乳剂 2 m g/ kg,推注时间40～ 6 0秒 ,同时观察记录患者的呼吸、循环及意识消失情况 ,根据手术时间及其反映适当调节异丙酚用量 ,患者睫毛反射消失即常规行人工流…     

The Questionable Efficacy of Topical Pharyngeal Anesthesia in Combination with Propofol Sedation in Gastroscopy

Background

Topical pharyngeal anesthesia as an adjunct to intravenous sedation to facilitate gastroscopy has been widely acknowledged; however, its efficacy has not been established when it is used in patients under deep sedation with propofol.

Aims

To demonstrate the limited value of topical pharyngeal anesthesia in patients under moderate to deep sedation with propofol.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-nine patients undergoing gastroscopy were prospectively randomized to receive 10?% lidocaine or distilled water topical spray as an adjunct to intravenous propofol via target-controlled infusion. Verbal and somatic responsiveness, presence of gag reflex and hiccup to esophageal intubation, and the overall ease of the procedure were evaluated by the anaesthetists and gastroenterologists. Hemodynamic parameters including peripheral oxygen saturation, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), heart rate (HR), bispectral index, and SBP?×?HR were compared at 5 time points: on arrival, after 5 spontaneous breaths, when estimated brain concentration of propofol, Ce, reached 3.5?μg/ml, on esophageal intubation, and on awakening.

Results

No statistical difference was observed between the lidocaine and distilled water group in verbal or somatic responses, gag reflex or hiccups on esophageal intubation. Similarly, BIS, SBP, DBP, and HR showed no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions

The use of topical pharyngeal anesthesia in combination with target-controlled infusion with propofol in the performance of diagnostic gastroscopy might be eliminated without adversely affecting patient care or outcomes.     

异丙酚联合小剂量麻黄碱在无痛胃镜诊疗中安全性分析

目的探讨异丙酚联合小剂量麻黄碱在无痛胃镜诊疗中的有效性及防止循环呼吸抑制方面的安全性。方法将300例拟行无痛胃镜检查的患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组150例,两组均用异丙酚静脉注射进行全身麻醉,异丙酚用量为1.8mg/kg,观察组静脉注射麻黄碱用量为0.18mg/kg。记录两组术前、术中及术后的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）的变化以及并发症和医生患者满意度。结果观察组与对照组之间的临床相关指标比较,两组术中SBP、DBP、HR差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,SpO2差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论异丙酚联合小剂量麻黄碱对无痛胃镜诊疗患者的循环、呼吸抑制小,快速诱导与清醒,在无痛胃镜中更加安全有效。     

无痛胃镜检查对老年患者血压、心率和血氧饱和度的影响

目的:观察无痛胃镜检查对老年患者血压、心率和血氧饱和度的影响,了解老年患者行无痛胃镜检查的安全性.方法:无痛胃镜检查是在胃镜检查前先予以芬太尼及丙泊酚静脉麻醉.以多功能监护仪监测并记录无痛胃镜检查前、检查中、苏醒时和休息10min患者的收缩压、舒张压、心率和血氧饱和度,并记录不良反应(呛咳、呃逆、呼吸抑制等).结果:与...     

Morbidity and mortality of deep sedation in outpatient bone marrow biopsy

Deep sedation is being provided at an increasing rate for patients undergoing bone marrow biopsy and aspiration (BMBA). The aim of this study was to establish the safety of deep sedation used for adults undergoing BMBA. A nonrandomized database analysis and retrospective review of patient records from January 1997 to December 2000 was performed; 5,811 patients were identified as having undergone their first outpatient BMBA. Outcome measures included 30-day mortality and same-day hospital admission; surrogate measures included need for a surgical procedure or receipt of red blood cells within the 48 hr following the BMBA. Patients who received intravenously administered midazolam, fentanyl, and propofol for maintenance of deep sedation plus infiltration of a local anesthetic (n = 2,604; 45%) comprised the deep sedation group; those who received infiltration of a local anesthetic but no intravenous sedation or analgesia (n = 3,207; 55%) comprised the local anesthesia group. Patients in the deep sedation group compared to those in the local anesthesia group were less likely to die within 30 days (0.69% vs. 1.34%, P = 0.018) and less likely to receive red blood cells (1.27% vs. 2.25%, P = 0.006). No other differences between the groups were found. Although the study was retrospective and nonrandomized, the results suggest that the use of deep sedation for outpatient BMBA is as safe as using local anesthesia.     

Propofol alone titrated to deep sedation versus propofol in combination with opioids and/or benzodiazepines and titrated to moderate sedation for colonoscopy

BACKGROUND: Propofol by nonanesthesiologists is controversial because the drug is commonly used to produce deep sedation or general anesthesia. Propofol in combination with opioids and/or benzodiazepines can be titrated to moderate sedation, which might be safer. AIM: To compare recovery time, patient satisfaction, and other end points with propofol alone titrated to deep sedation versus propofol combination therapy with opioids and/or benzodiazepines. METHOD: A randomized controlled clinical trial of propofol alone titrated to deep sedation versus fentanyl plus propofol versus midazolam plus propofol versus fentanyl plus midazolam plus propofol in 200 outpatients undergoing colonoscopy. Each combination regimen was titrated to moderate sedation. RESULTS: Patients receiving propofol alone received higher doses of propofol and had deeper sedation scores compared with combination therapy (both p < 0.001). Patients receiving combination regimens were discharged more quickly (median 13.0-14.7 versus 18.1 min) than those receiving propofol alone (p < 0.01). There were no differences in vital signs or oxygen saturations among the study arms. There were no significant differences in pain or satisfaction among the study arms in the recovery area. At a follow-up phone call, patients receiving fentanyl and propofol remembered more of the procedure than those in the other regimens (p < 0.005) and remembered more pain than those receiving propofol alone (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Propofol in combination with fentanyl and/or midazolam can be titrated to moderate levels of sedation without substantial loss of satisfaction and with shorter recovery times compared with propofol titrated to deep sedation throughout the procedure.     

咪达唑仑联合异丙酚静脉麻醉在胃镜检查中的临床应用评估及对照研究

目的探讨咪达唑仑联合异丙酚静脉麻醉在胃镜检查中临床应用的安全性和价值。方法收集我院2007年10月-2008年10月门诊及住院患者,选择常规胃镜检查者226例为对照组,咪达唑仑联合异丙酚静脉麻醉辅助胃镜检查者72例为镇痛组,监测患者胃镜术前、术中收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）的变化;观察并记录患者对胃镜插入时间、检查完成时间、耐受程度,是否有恶心、呛咳、躁动、呕吐等反应,术后患者完全清醒后询问其对胃镜检查的记忆缺失及感受,以及麻醉药物发生副作用的情况。结果镇痛组术中SBP、DBP、HR与术前比较有明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;对照组术中SBP、DBP、HR与术前比较出现明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,两组患者SpO2均无明显变化。镇痛组的平均胃镜插入时间较对照组短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;镇痛组的平均完成时间与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;镇痛组患者术中反应明显降低,感受明显好于对照组;患者术后对胃镜检查无痛苦回忆,满意度高,且并发症发生未增加;镇痛组胃镜检查成功率100%,对照组为96.9%,差异无统计学意义。两组患者均无意外情况发生。结论本组研究结果显示咪达唑仑联合异丙酚静脉麻醉用于胃镜检查镇静镇痛效果好,安全有效。但检查过程中应密切监测生命体征的变化。     

Sedation, topical pharyngeal anesthesia and cardiorespiratory safety during gastroscopy

GOALS: In a prospective, double-blind study, we examined the effects of routine sedation and pharyngeal anesthesia on cardiorespiratory parameters during gastroscopy. BACKGROUND: Intravenous sedation and topical pharyngeal anesthesia are used to alleviate the discomfort during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Cardiorespiratory changes during gastroscopy are common. STUDY: Two hundred fifty two consecutive outpatients undergoing gastroscopy were assigned into 4 groups: (1) sedation with intravenous midazolam and placebo throat spray (midazolam group), (2) placebo sedation and pharyngeal anesthesia with lidocaine throat spray (lidocaine group), (3) placebo sedation and placebo throat spray (placebo group), and (4) no intravenous cannula nor throat spray (control group). Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and continuous electrocardiogram were recorded before, during, and after the endoscopic procedure. RESULTS: Gastroscopy increased heart rate in all study groups. Premedication with intravenous midazolam or lidocaine spray alleviated this rise (P<0.001, repeated measures analysis of variance) and decreased the incidence of tachycardia. Similarly, sedation with midazolam or topical pharyngeal anesthesia decreased the rise in systolic blood pressure (P<0.001). Midazolam produced lower SaO2 values during gastroscopy compared with lidocaine, placebo or control groups (P<0.001). However, episodes of desaturation (SaO2 相似文献   

高海拔地区无痛胃镜检查的临床观察

目的:探讨高海拔地区丙泊酚iv行无痛胃镜检查的安全性和镇静效果.方法:自愿接受者36例,采用单纯丙泊酚(1.0-1.5mg/kg)iv施行无痛胃镜检查.观察术中心率(HR)、血压(SBP,DBP)、呼吸(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化及苏醒时间、术中不适、记忆缺失、自我感觉等情况.结果:无痛组患者均顺利完成检查,无严重不良反应发生,检查后患者感觉满意者36例(100%),舒适者33例(91.67%),无1例感觉难受,与普通组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).无痛组在胃镜检查过程中HR,SBP,DBP,RR有不同程度的下降,但大多数波动在正常范围;SpO2在全程吸氧下能维持平稳,与普通组相比,其差异均具有显著意义(P<0.01).结论:丙泊酚iv行无痛胃镜检查是一种安全、舒适、有效的方法,在高海拔地区值得推广应用.     

丙泊酚和芬太尼在老年高血压患者无痛胃镜检查中的应用研究

目的探讨丙泊酚和芬太尼联合应用在老年原发性高血压(高血压)患者无痛胃镜检查中的有效性和安全性。方法选取81例行胃镜检查的老年高血压患者,40例静脉注射芬太尼和丙泊酚的患者设为观察组,41例行普通胃镜检查的患者设为对照组。记录两组的检查时间、收缩压、舒张压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度。观察时间点:检查前(T0)、准备进镜前(T1)、胃镜经食道入口平面(T2)、胃镜取活检(T3)、检查后(T4)。结果两组治疗前收缩压、舒张压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度及检查时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组检查过程中的收缩压、舒张压、心率较检查前显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且明显均低于对照组检查过程中对应的时间点;但脉搏氧饱和度变化幅度不大,与检查前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论丙泊酚和芬太尼联合应用于老年高血压患者胃镜检查是安全、有效的。