雌二醇诱导人成骨样细胞差异表达基因筛查

目的 快速筛查17β雌二醇(E2)诱导人成骨肉瘤MG—63细胞株差异表达cDNA片段,寻找雌激素相关基因。方法 改良cDNA代表性差异分析法(cDNA RDA)分离E2干预MG—63细胞株表达上调cDNA片段,Southern杂交证实后,制备阵列膜行点杂交,然后挑取阳性差异克隆测序,经同源比较分析,最后选取部分克隆标记探针行Northern印迹杂交。结果经过4轮消减和动力性富集后得到5个E2诱导人成骨肉瘤MG—63细胞表达上调的差异cDNA条带,Southern杂交证明这些表达上调的cDNA片段来自E2干预的MG—63细胞;共得到600余个含有阳性插入片段的cDNA克隆,点杂交筛查得到120个差异表达克隆。选20个克隆测序得到15个序列,其中1个经Northern杂交证实E2干预后表达上调。结论 cDNA RDA能有效筛查差异表达cDNA片段,联合cDNA阵列点杂交可快速筛查差异表达基因,E2诱导人成骨肉瘤MG—63细胞某些基因表达上调。     

Identification of differentially expressed genes in normal mucosa, adenoma and adenocarcinoma of colon by SSH

Abbreviation CRC colorectal cancer.SSHsuppression subtrsctive hybridization.LD PCR longdistance polymerase chain reaction.HLA human leukocyteantigen.IGRBP insulin-like growth factor binding protein.GN guanylin,EF1 elongation factor 1AIM To construct subtracted cDNA libraries and furtheridentify differentially expressed genes that are related tothe development of colorectal carcinoma(CRC).METHODS Suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH)was done on cDNAs of normal mucosa,adenoma andadenocarcinoma tissues from the same patient.Threesubtracted cDNA libraries were constructed and thenhybridized with forward and backward subtracted probesfor differential screening.Positive clones from eachsubtracted cDNA library were selected for sequencing andBLAST analysis.Finally,virtual Northern Blot confirmedsuch differential expression.RESULTS By this way,there were about 3-4×10~2clones identified in each subtracted cDNA library,inwhich about 85% positive clones were differentiallyscreened.Sequencing and BLAST homology searchrevealed some clones containing sequences of knowngene fragments and several possibly novel genes showingfew or no sequence homologies with any knownsequences in the database.CONCLUSION All results confirmed the effectiveness andsensitivity of SSH.The differentially expressed genesduring the development of CRC can be used to shed lighton the pathogenesis of CRC and be useful genetic markersfor early diagnosis and therapy.     

The pattern of gene expression in human CD15+ myeloid progenitor cells

We performed a genome-wide analysis of gene expression in primary human CD15(+) myeloid progenitor cells. By using the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) technique, we obtained quantitative information for the expression of 37,519 unique SAGE-tag sequences. Of these unique tags, (i) 25% were detected at high and intermediate levels, whereas 75% were present as single copies, (ii) 53% of the tags matched known expressed sequences, 34% of which were matched to more than one known expressed sequence, and (iii) 47% of the tags had no matches and represent potentially novel genes. The correct genes were confirmed by application of the generation of longer cDNA fragments from SAGE tags for gene identification (GLGI) technique for high-copy tags with multiple matches. A set of genes known to be important in myeloid differentiation were expressed at various levels and used different spliced forms. This study provides a normal baseline for comparison of gene expression in myeloid diseases. The strategy of using SAGE and GLGI techniques in this study has broad applications to the genome-wide identification of expressed genes.     

Differing responses of globin and glycophorin gene expression to hemin in the human leukemia cell line K562

The human leukemia cell line, K562, produces embryonic and fetal hemoglobins and glycophorin A, proteins normally associated only with erythroid cells. Hemoglobin accumulation is enhanced by exposure of the cells to 0.05 mM hemin. We have examined K562 cells before and after exposure to hemin to determine whether expression of these erythroid proteins was shared by all cells or confined to specific subpopulations. Globin gene expression was examined by quantitation of globin mRNA sequences, using a 3H-globin cDNA molecular hybridization probe. Constitutive cells produced globin mRNA, the content of which was increased 3-4-fold by hemin. Cell-to-cell distribution of globin mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization of 3H-globin cDNA to constitutive and hemin-treated K562 cells. Virtually all cells in the culture exhibited grain counts above background, indicating globin gene expression by all cells, rather than a confined subpopulation. Virtually all hemin-treated cells had 3-5-fold higher grain counts, indicating uniformly increased globin gene expression. The glycophorin content of K562 cells was estimated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of cells labeled with fluorescein-labeled antiglycophorin antiserum. The vast majority of constitutive cells contained glycophorin, but exhibited to apparent increase in glycophorin accumulation after hemin exposure. Thus, glycophorin and globin genes exhibited differential responses to hemin. These differences could reflect normal differences in the patterns of specialized gene expression in stem cells. Alternatively, different aberrations of gene expression could be occurring in response to the determinants of the neoplastic properties of K562.     

Detection of partial cDNA sequences differentially expressed in patients with myelodysplasia

 The most common chromosomal aberrations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are complete or partial loss of chromosomes 5 and 7, and trisomy 8. To identify genes important in the pathogenesis of this disease that could be associated with these gross chromosomal defects, we have employed the differential display PCR (DDPCR) procedure developed by Liang and Pardee. This method allows simultaneous comparison of several cDNA sources for the presence of differentially expressed genes. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from two MDS patients, containing a 5q deletion or a trisomy 8, and three healthy controls were used. Initial screening resulted in the identification of five and three partial cDNA sequences, respectively that were either differentially expressed in both patient samples or in individual patients, as compared with the controls. The authenticity of aberrant expression was verified by reanalyzing the same primer combinations on newly prepared cDNA. Differential expression of the three remaining fragments was subsequently checked on a larger panel of MDS patients, using amplicon-specific primer sets. These were obtained by cloning and sequencing of the fragments. For one partial cDNA (DC3), the original expression pattern, i.e., decreased expression in individual MDS patients, was confirmed. These results demonstrate the utility of the DDPCR procedure to isolate differentially expressed sequences in primary patient samples where the availability of cells is a limiting factor. Received: 12 January 1996 / Accepted: 26 January 1996     

Representational difference analysis of a committed myeloid progenitor cell line reveals evidence for bilineage potential

In this study we have sought to characterize a committed myeloid progenitor cell line in an attempt to isolate general factors that may promote differentiation. We used cDNA representational difference analysis (RDA), which allows analysis of differential gene expression, to compare EML and EPRO cells. We have isolated nine differentially expressed cDNA fragments as confirmed by slot blot, Northern, and PCR analysis. Three of nine sequences appear to be novel whereas the identity of the remaining fragments suggested that the EPRO cell line is multipotent. Among the isolated sequences were eosinophilic, monocytic, and neutrophilic specific genes. Therefore, we tested the ability of EPRO cells to differentiate along multiple myeloid lineages and found that EPRO cells exhibited morphologic maturation into either monocyte/macrophages or neutrophils, but not eosinophils. Furthermore, when EPRO cells were exposed to ATRA, neutrophil specific genes were induced, whereas monocytic markers were induced by phorbol ester treatment. This study highlights the use of cDNA RDA in conjunction with the EML/EPRO cell line to isolate markers associated with macrophage and neutrophil differentiation and establishes the usefulness of this system in the search for factors involved in myeloid commitment.     

人单核细胞泡沫化敏感候选基因的筛选

为克隆调控单核细胞源性泡沫细胞形成的相关基因 ,采用抑制消减杂交法筛选U937细胞经氧化型低密度脂蛋白温育形成泡沫细胞后差异表达的基因。经过正向、反向两轮消减杂交和巢式聚合酶链反应扩增 ,获得了富集的差异表达的cDNA片段 ,即表达序列标签 ,克隆化后挑选经鉴定含有插入片段的质粒测序。经Genbank数据库进行同源比较 ,获得 2 0余个差异表达的EST ,其中 2个克隆FRG4和FRG1 4只有片段同源序列而无全长同源序列 ,提示可能来自新基因。Genbank登录号为 :FRG4(BI 50 2 586)和FRG1 4 (BI 50 2 587)。     

Two novel gastric cancer-associated genes identified by differential display

AIM To clone novel gastric cancer-associated genes and investigate their roles in gastric cancer occurrence.METHODS A method called differential display was used which allows the identification of differentially expressed genes by using PAGE to display PCR-amplified cDNA fragments between gastric cancer cells and normal gastric mucosa cells. These fragments were cloned into plasmid vector pUC18. Homology analysis was made after sequencing these fragments.RESULTS Two novel genes were identified compared with sequences from GenBank. One was registered with the AD number AF 051783. In situ hybridization showed that these two novel genes expressed specifically in gastric cancer tissues.CONCLUSION The two novel genes obtained by differential display were confirmed to be gastric cancer-associated genes using in situ hybridization.     

Two novel gastric cancer-associated genes identified by differential display

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日本血吸虫病肝纤维化小鼠肝星状细胞差异表达cDNA文库的构建和筛选

目的构建日本血吸虫病肝纤维化小鼠肝星状细胞差异表达基因的消减cDNA文库,并筛选差异表达基因。方法取日本血吸虫尾蚴经腹部感染小鼠致肝纤维化。采用抑制性消减杂交技术(SSH),分离小鼠肝星状细胞(HSC)及正常小鼠HSC,通过对比寻找差异表达基因。将其与T载体连接(T/A克隆),其产物转化大肠埃希菌DH5α,经文库扩增后,随机挑取白色克隆进行酶切鉴定,克隆经过正、反向杂交,阳性克隆经过测序和BLAST(局部相似性基本查询工具)进行表达序列标签(ESTs)差异基因分析。最后经模拟Northern印迹确认基因表达差异。结果扩增消减cDNA文库获得400余个白色阳性克隆,随机挑取的克隆经酶切鉴定后均有200～600 bp插入片段。ESTs分析获得76个序列,其中70个序列提示与血吸虫病肝纤维化或与其相关的基因,6个在公共数据库中未找到同源序列片段。结论用SSH法及T/A克隆技术成功构建了肝纤维化小鼠HSC与正常小鼠HSC差异表达基因的消减cDNA文库。     

Histone acetylation is associated with differential gene expression in the rapid and robust memory CD8(+) T-cell response

To understand the molecular basis for the rapid and robust memory T-cell responses, we examined gene expression and chromatin modification by histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation in resting and activated human naive and memory CD8(+) T cells. We found that, although overall gene expression patterns were similar, a number of genes are differentially expressed in either memory or naive cells in their resting and activated states. To further elucidate the basis for differential gene expression, we assessed the role of histone H3K9 acetylation in differential gene expression. Strikingly, higher H3K9 acetylation levels were detected in resting memory cells, prior to their activation, for those genes that were differentially expressed following activation, indicating that hyperacetylation of histone H3K9 may play a role in selective and rapid gene expression of memory CD8(+) T cells. Consistent with this model, we showed that inducing high levels of H3K9 acetylation resulted in an increased expression in naive cells of those genes that are normally expressed differentially in memory cells. Together, these findings suggest that differential gene expression mediated at least in part by histone H3K9 hyperacetylation may be responsible for the rapid and robust memory CD8(+) T-cell response.     

The 87-kD A gamma-globin enhancer-binding protein is a product of the HOXB2(HOX2H) locus

Developmental regulation of globin gene expression may be controlled by developmental stage-specific nuclear proteins that influence interactions between the locus control region and local regulatory sequences near individual globin genes. We previously isolated an 87-kD nuclear protein from K562 cells that bound to DNA sequences in the beta- globin locus control region, gamma-globin promoter, and A gamma-globin enhancer. The presence of this protein in fetal globin-expressing cells and its absence in adult globin-expressing cells suggested that it may be a developmental stage-specific factor. A lambda gt11 K562 cDNA clone encoding a portion of the HOXB2 (formerly HOX2H) homeobox gene was isolated on the basis of the ability of its beta-galactosidase fusion protein to bind to the same DNA sequences as the 87-kD K562 protein. Because no other relationship had been established between the 87-kD K562 protein and the HOXB2 protein other than their ability to bind ot the same DNA sequences, we have investigated whether the two proteins are related antigenically. Our data show that antisera produced against the HOXB2-beta-gal fusion protein and a synthetic HOXB2 decapeptide react specifically with an 87-kD protein from K562 nuclear extract, showing that the 87-kD K562 nuclear protein is a product of the HOXB2 locus, and is the first demonstration of cellular HOXB2 protein.     

日本血吸虫消减雌性成虫cDNA文库的建立及其特异表达基因的筛选

目的 筛选雌性日本血吸虫特异表达基因。方法 感染日本血吸虫6周的家兔,用静脉灌注法收集成虫,经核糖核酸固定液固定,分别提取雌、雄成虫总RNA,纯化后获得mRNA,并反转录为cDNA。用抑制性消减杂交技术(SSH)构建雌、雄成虫正向消减(雌虫消减雄虫)及反向消减(雄虫消减雌虫)cDNA文库。用斑点杂交法筛选差异表达基因,挑选目标基因片段(与正向消减探针杂交的信号明显高于与反向消减探针杂交信号的克隆)进行测序、同源性搜索及基因功能预测分析。以日本血吸虫肌动蛋白(actin)基因作内参照,用半定量PCR(semi-quantitative PCR)鉴定目标基因在雌、雄虫体内的表达。结果 得到正向消减及反向消减cDNA文库,斑点杂交筛选出50个雌虫特异性表达的克隆,经测序得到42个表达序列标签(EST),其中,有17个基因(占40.5%)与已知日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白基因高度同源;17个基因(占40.5%)与日本血吸虫未知基因高度同源、且有一小片段与卵壳蛋白基因高度同源;有8个基因(占19.0%)与日本血吸虫其他未知基因高度同源。半定量PCR结果,6个基因在雌虫体内的表达水平明显高于雄虫,分别与GenBank的血吸虫卵壳蛋白基因AY222885、AY222895、AB017097、AF519182、M32281及血吸虫其他基因AY813556高度同源。结论 构建了雌、雄成虫正向消减及反向消减cDNA文库。用SSH可筛选日本血吸虫雌性特异性表达基因。     

人心力衰竭心肌细胞基因表达谱分析方法初探

目的通过对多中心人类心力衰竭心肌细胞基因表达谱数据整理、分析,探索识别不同表达谱中相同结构蛋白基因的方法。方法选取14个已发表的原发病为扩张型心肌病和（或）缺血性心肌病的心力衰竭基因表达谱,筛选出各表达谱中差异表达≥1.4倍的心肌结构蛋白基因及功能蛋白基因。编写程序自动下载相关基因片段的序列,并建立数据库。根据表达谱中提供的识别号及相关注释信息,用BatchGenAna网站在染色体基因组上进行序列定位,通过定位图显示同一基因不同片段的定位信息。结果通过GenBank序号及芯片中克隆序号得到不同表达谱中相同序号的基因仅有23组,检出率低,漏检了相同基因的不同片段。通过染色体基因组比对、定位,检出不同表达谱中定位在同一染色体区域的相同基因的不同片段共51组,且集中定位在1、2、9、11、12、16号染色体上。通过定位明确显示此基因的编码区及调控区序列。结论基因组定位方法可识别不同表达谱中相同基因的不同片段,明确定位基因编码区及调控区,为后续的功能基因组研究提供可靠信息。     

BALB/c小鼠衰老过程中大脑皮质组织基因表达的改变

目的 鉴别和克隆小鼠衰老相关基因，为揭示人体衰老机制提供线索。方法 利用改进逆转录-多聚酶链反应(DDRT-PCR)技术分析了4月龄和24月龄BALB／c小鼠大脑皮质组织中mRNA的差异表达。结果 确定了42个差异表达cDNA片段，在衰老小鼠中表达上调和下调者各21个。其中17个为已知编码蛋白功能的基因片段，12个为已知基因序列但未知功能的基因片段，13个可能为新基因片段。在已知蛋白功能的基因中，与氧化应激、能量产生和蛋白质代谢等相关的基因分别为2个、3个和4个，此外还有参与细胞凋亡、神经退行性变和生长发育调节等基因表达的改变。结论 小鼠衰老可能与机体氧化应激状态、能量产生和蛋白质代谢等的改变有关。