2011～2012年赤峰市松山区动物中检出41株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌

目的了解赤峰市松山区境内鼠类,家畜家禽携带小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌情况,为疾病预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法采集鼠类、家畜家禽的粪便、脏器等样品,进行小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的分离、培养、鉴定和生物血清分型,并用PCR方法进行毒力因子检测。结果 2011～2012年共检验各类样品412份,检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌41株,皆来自猪咽拭子。2011年总检出率为16.02%,猪咽拭子的检出率高达28.28%。41株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌中,携带了ail,ystA,yadA,virF,rfbc基因的3/O：3生物血清型菌株占95.12%;4/O：4生物血清型菌株占2.32%;其他占2.32%。结论赤峰市松山区境内的猪咽部携带小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌,猪是致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的重要携带者。     

广州地区食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分布特性的初步研究

目的：了解广州地区食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的分布特性。方法：采用随机抽样方法分别对广州十区两市日常监测的样品,共计207份,参照国标方法进行小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的检测和鉴定,并对分离菌株的生物分型、血清型分型、毒力基因携带等特征作分析。结果：207份样品中14份检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌,阳性率为6.22%。分离到O：1,2、O：5、O：8三种血清型的菌株。14株菌株均为非致病的生物1A型,其中8株携带毒力基因ystB,3株携带yadA基因。冬、春季的分离率比夏、秋季的高（χ^2检验,P〈0.005）。结论：本地区食品中存在小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的污染,以非流行株为主。应加强本地区食品加工、流通方面的监督管理,以减少可能引起食源性疾病的因素。     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗鼠疫疫区小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌调查研究

目的了解赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地内鼠类、家畜家禽携带小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌情况,为疾病防治工作和研究鼠疫疫源地提供科学依据。方法在达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地内,选择以村庄为中心,向外依次为农田、草原的同心圆样地,分别采集鼠类、家畜家禽粪便、舌根、咽拭子及肠道内容物等样品,进行小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌分离、培养、鉴定、生物血清分型,并用PCR方法进行毒力因子测定。统计学分析采用χ2检验。结果 2009-2012年共检验各类样品3837份,检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌17株,总检出率为0.44%。2011年检出的16株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌中13株源自猪粪,3株来自鼠肠;1株O∶3血清型,生物3型,携带ail、yst A、rfb C毒力基因的致病性菌株检自猪粪。结论阿鲁科尔沁旗绍根地区的猪、鼠体内携带小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌,猪是致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的重要携带者。进一步调查分析小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在该地区人和宿主动物间的分布规律十分必要。     

黄石市家畜家禽中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌调查

[目的]了解黄石市常见家禽家畜中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的分布特性。[方法]采集常见家禽家畜粪便,共计1 590份,进行小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌检测和鉴定。[结果]1 590份样品中,检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌34株,阳性率为2.13%。分离到O:1、O:3、O:5、O:8、O:9等5种血清型的菌株。猪的检出率4.60%显著地高于其他家畜家禽(P﹤0.01)。1~3月和10~12月所分离的菌株,占全年菌株的55.88%,高于4~9月的44.12%。[结论]本地区家畜家禽中存在小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的感染,以O:9型为主。应加强本地区牲畜监管,防止人感染耶氏菌。     

2019-2021年新乡市食品安全风险监测结果分析

目的 统计分析新乡市各类食品中致病性微生物的分布及污染状况,找出食品安全隐患,为食品安全的监管提供科学依据。方法 参照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中样品采集及检验方法,对样品进行单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、沙门氏菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、产志贺毒素大肠埃希氏菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、诺如病毒、铜绿假单胞菌、克罗诺杆菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌等16种致病菌检测并对结果进行分析。结果 共计266份8类13种食品样品,28份样品中检出致病菌35株,样品总检出率为10.53%(28/266),共计检测致病菌855项次,阳性菌株检出率4.09%(35/855)。不同致病菌检出率为：单核细胞增生李斯特氏6.17%(10/162),克罗诺杆菌41.67%(5/12),蜡样芽胞杆菌22.73%(5/22),沙门氏菌4.60%(8/174),致泻大肠埃希氏菌4.69%(3/64),诺如病毒4.17%(3/72),小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌2.86%(1/35)。不同食品中致病菌检出率最高的是调理肉55.00%(11/20),依次为冲调谷物制品50.00%(6/12),学校周边熟制米面制品40.0...     

两种方法检测冻肉中的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌

目的:建立适用于本实验室快速、准确检测致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的方法。方法:采用常规分离培养鉴定法与多重PCR方法对49份生肉进行检测,分析比较两种方法的检测结果。结果:两种方法的检测结果相同,符合率为100%。49份样品中均检出8份检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌,3株阳性对照以及6株阴性对照也均符合检测结果。但多重PCR方法所需的检测时间远少于常规分离培养鉴定法。结论:多重PCR较传统鉴定方法省时省力,对于监测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌有重要意义。     

丽水市莲都区鼠疫疫源地耶尔森菌的分离及鉴定

目的了解丽水市莲都区鼠疫疫源地鼠类携带耶尔森菌的类型、毒力基因、生物型以及抗生素敏感等情况。方法利用常规耶尔森菌分离方法从635份鼠类肠道内容物中分离耶尔森菌,对检获的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、假结核耶尔森菌进行生物分型试验、抗生素敏感试验和毒力基因检测。结果共检获26株耶尔森菌,其中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌检出率为2.83%(18/635),均为生物1A型非致病性菌株;假结核耶尔森菌检出率为0.31%(2/635),中间型耶尔森菌检出率为0.31%(2/635),弗氏耶尔森菌检出率为0.47%(3/635),克氏耶尔森检出率为0.16%(1/635)。18株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌中,2株对庆大霉素耐药,4株对复方新诺明耐药。2株假结核耶尔森菌均对庆大霉素耐药,1株同时对头孢曲松和复方新诺明耐药。结论莲都鼠疫监测点鼠类携带耶尔森菌种类多,以小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌为主,对耶尔森菌的监测要进一步加强,以评估鼠疫暴发的危险度。同时,应警惕耶尔森菌引起的肠道传染病。     

徐州市2004年小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌人及动物带菌情况调查报告

目的：调查本地区小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌人群及动物感染情况，毒力基因携带情况，血清型分布情况及生物型别。方法：10月中旬采集牛、羊、猪、狗粪便共358份，4℃冷增菌后用选择性培养基进行病原菌分离培养并做生化实验，可疑菌株做血清学鉴定和生物分型及毒力检测。结果：检出阳性菌株15株（其中2株携带毒力基因），检出率为4．2％（其中猪的检出率5．1％；羊的检出率5．7％；狗的检出率4．3％；牛的检出率0％）。结论：本次调查在羊、猪、狗粪便标本中检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，带毒菌株的血清型为0：3，生物型为1B。检出的其余血清型别菌株均不带毒力质粒。人和牛粪便标本中未检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌。     

不同增菌时间对牛奶中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌检出率的影响

本文对不同增菌时间对牛奶中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的检出情况进行了探讨。现将结果报告如下。在合肥市乳品厂分两次共采集26份牛奶样品,培养基制做按GB《食品卫生检验微生物学部份》有关章节进行。实验方法:每份牛奶样品再分为2份,1     

2005～2007年自贡市食源性疾病病原菌污染状况调查

目的:了解自贡市食品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,为细菌性食物中毒预警及食品安全管理提供科学依据.方法:检测按国标GB/T4789-2003检测程序对4类食品进行单增李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、沙门菌、产志贺毒素大肠埃希氏菌(STEC)0157:H7、金黄色葡萄球菌、空场弯曲菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的分离培养及鉴定.结果:于2005～2007年253份样品中共检出致病菌33株,总检出率为13.0%(33/253).其中单增李斯特菌检出2l株.检出率为8.3%(21/253);沙门菌检出5株,检出率2.0%(5/253);副溶血性弧菌检出4株,检出率为9.1%(4/44);空肠弯曲菌检出2株,检出率7.4%(2/27);STEC 0157:H7检出1株,检出率0.4%(1/253).生畜肉、生禽肉、海水产品、熟肉制品的污染率分别为20.7%(17/82),10.2%(6/59),15.9%(7/44),4.4%(3/68).样品中未检出金黄色葡萄球菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌.结论:自贡市食品中存在食源性致病菌的污染,其中生肉产品和海水产品受到的污染最为严重.单增李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、空肠弯曲菌、沙门菌及STEC 0157:H7是污染食品的主要病原菌.     

Epidemiological data on pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in Southern Germany during 2000-2006

Yersinia enterocolitica is the most common species causing enteric yersiniosis, which is still the third most frequently reported foodborne gastroenteritis in Europe. Y. enterocolitica generally causes sporadic human infections, and outbreaks are rare. The most important infection source of yersiniosis is believed to be contaminated pork and pork products. Data on the prevalence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in animals and foodstuffs are very limited and old; thus, more information on the extent and range of the prevalence of this enteropathogen in nonhuman sources is needed. In this work, prevalence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in different sources in Bavaria is presented. Further, the antimicrobial resistance of human and nonhuman strains is reported. The highest isolation rate of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica (67%) was found in tonsils of slaughter pigs. No pathogenic strains were isolated from cattle, sheep, turkey, and horses. ail-Positive Y. enterocolitica was detected in dogs (5%), cats (3%), and rodents (3%) by real-time PCR. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was isolated only from raw pork, especially from edible offal (51%). Surprisingly, 38% of game was contaminated with this pathogen when the samples were studied with PCR. Additionally, some raw pork sausages and one poultry sample were PCR positive. All pathogenic Y. enterocolitica isolates from nonhuman sources were belonging to bioserotype 4/O:3. Antimicrobial resistance of 60 human and 140 porcine strains of bioserotype 4/O:3 was tested by the agar disc diffusion method to 15 different antimicrobial agents. All Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains were susceptible to most of the tested antibacterial agents.     

An evaluation of methods for the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from surface waters in the Grand River watershed

Yersinia enterocolitica is a foodborne pathogen, but the importance of water as a route of exposure for human infection is not well known. Y. enterocolitica isolation methods were developed primarily for food and clinical samples, and may not be effective for use with environmental samples. The objective of this study was to assess the recovery of Y. enterocolitica from surface water used for drinking water treatment. Four enrichment broths and an alkaline treatment protocol were compared for the isolation of Y. enterocolitica bioserogroup 4/O:3 spiked into surface water samples. Results showed that the methods tested were not effective for the recovery of Y. enterocolitica, primarily due to inadequate inhibition of interfering background microorganisms. Using one method that showed the most potential for recovery, Yersinia spp. were isolated from rivers in southwestern Ontario, Canada, over a 17-month period. Of 200 samples analysed, Yersinia spp. were isolated from 52 samples. All river isolates belonged to non-pathogenic sub-groups, including Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A, Y. aldovae, Y. bercovieri, Y. frederiksenii, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii and Y. mollaretii. Results of this study show that method improvements are required to more fully understand the role of water as a source of clinically important Yersinia strains.     

The isolation of certain pathogen microorganisms from raw milk.

In this research, a total of 211 raw milk samples in different areas of Ankara were collected from various dairy plants. Each of these samples was tested for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. From a total of 14 (6.63%) Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like organisms were isolated. 8 (3.79%) of the total isolation were identified as Y. enterocolitica whereas 6 (2.84%) of these were found to be Y. enterocolitica-like organisms. In addition L. monocytogenes and Campylobacter were detected in 2 (0.94%) and 17 (8.05%) same raw milk samples. Distribution of these patogenic microorganisms was evaluated according to the season. 6 of a total 14 Yersinia spp. were isolated in winter, eight in spring and summer. One of the L. monocytogenes was isolated in winter whereas the other one was isolated in spring 7 of a total of 17 Campylobacter were isolated in the summer months.     

Antimicrobial resistance of major foodborne pathogens from major meat products

The bacterial contamination of raw and processed meat products with resistant pathogens was studied. The raw samples included sheep (40), goat (40), pork (120), beef (80), and chicken (19) meat, and the processed samples included turkey filets (33), salami (8), readymade mincemeat (16), stuffing (22), and roast-beef (50). The samples were collected from retail shops in Northwestern Greece over a period of 3 years. The isolated pathogens were evaluated for susceptibilities to 19 antimicrobial agents used in humans. Out of 428 samples, 157 strains of Escherichia coli, 25 of Yersinia enterocolitica, 57 of Staphylococcus aureus, 57 of Enterococcus spp., 4 of Salmonella spp., and 3 of Campylobacter jejuni were isolated. Among the isolates 14.6% of the E. coli, 10.5% of S. aureus, 4% of Y. enterocolitica, 25% of Salmonella spp., and 42.1% of Enterococcus spp. were susceptible to antibiotics. E. coli from chicken exhibited high rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin (62.5%) followed by lamb/goat (10.9%), pork (15.7%), and beef (27.9%) meat. Resistance to nitrofurantoin dominated in the lamb/goat isolates (60%). Resistance to tetracycline predominated in pork (68.2%) and chicken (62.5%), and resistance to aminoglycosides dominated in lamb/goat meat isolates. S. aureus resistance to clindamycin predominated in lamb/goat isolates (50%), whereas resistance to ciprofloxacin predominated in the pork strains, but no resistance to methicillin was observed. Of the enterococci isolates 21.1% were resistant to vancomycin. High resistance to ampicillin (96%) was observed in Y. enterocolitica and all of the C. jejuni isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, and cefuroxime. These results indicate that meat can be a source of resistant bacteria, which could potentially be spread to the community through the food chain.     

江苏省南通地区小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌分布特征初步研究

目的了解江苏省南通地区小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的分布特点和毒力特征。方法用常规方法从家畜家禽粪便标本中分离小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，PCR法检测其五种毒力相关基因，同时对国内分离到的O：8血清型菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳分析。结果从该地区293份家畜家禽粪便标本中分离到91株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，分离率为31．06％。未分离到国内主要流行血清型O：3和O：9，其中有39．57％菌株毒力基因分布特征为：ail^-、ystA^-、ystB^-、yadA^-、virF^-，有60．43％菌株为ail^-、ystA^-、ystB^＋、yadA^-、VirF^-，两株国外引进的强毒菌株具有相同的脉冲图形，与国内分离到的O：8血清型菌株存在显著的差异。结论致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的分布具有局限性，江苏省南通地区小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的分布可能以非致病菌为主。     

Faecal carriage rate of Yersinia species.

A total of 1,203 unselected routine faecal samples from 1,006 patients were cultured for Yersinia species by a cold enrichment technique. Seventy-five specimens (6.1%) from 63 patients were culture-positive for Yersinia spp. Fifty-two were Yersinia enterocolitica, 22 Yersinia frederiksenii and 1 Yersinia intermedia. The predominant Y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to biotype 1 - serotype 0:6, 30 or serotype 0:5, 27. Y. frederiksenii strains were non-typable. Forty isolates were recovered from 33 patients with gastroenteritis. During the study period 83 Salmonella spp. from 33 patients, 17 Shigella sonnei from 13 patients and 13 Campylobacter jejuni from 12 patients were cultured. Yersinia spp. was isolated in association with salmonella on three occasions, twice with rotavirus and once each with Shigella sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni and Trichuris trichiura.     

Faecal carriage rate of Yersinia species

A total of 1,203 unselected routine faecal samples from 1,006 patients were cultured for Yersinia species by a cold enrichment technique. Seventy-five specimens (6.1%) from 63 patients were culture-positive for Yersinia spp. Fifty-two were Yersinia enterocolitica, 22 Yersinia frederiksenii and 1 Yersinia intermedia. The predominant Y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to biotype 1 - serotype 0:6, 30 or serotype 0:5, 27. Y. frederiksenii strains were non-typable. Forty isolates were recovered from 33 patients with gastroenteritis. During the study period 83 Salmonella spp. from 33 patients, 17 Shigella sonnei from 13 patients and 13 Campylobacter jejuni from 12 patients were cultured. Yersinia spp. was isolated in association with salmonella on three occasions, twice with rotavirus and once each with Shigella sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni and Trichuris trichiura.     

Isolation of Yersinia, campylobacter, Plesiomonas and Aeromonas from environmental water and fresh water fishes]

Yersinia, Campylobacter, Plesiomonas and Aeromonas are known causative agents in waterborne diseases. For about 10 years, outbreak of diarrhea has been observed, especially among children, in the mountain areas of Okayama. Y. pseudotuberculosis recently isolated from non-chlorinated drinking water sources such as mountain streams and wells has been suspected to be the causative bacteria of the disease. Attempts were made to isolate Yersinia and Campylobacter from water samples from rivers in rural areas and Plesiomonas and Aeromonas from samples of well water and fresh water fishes in Okayama prefecture from 1987 to 1990. The isolation rate of Yersinia from river water samples was 7.5% with a higher rate in the mountain areas than in the nonmountain areas. While Y. enterocolitica was isolated throughout the year, Y. pseudotuberculosis was only seen during the winter. Various serogroups including human types of Y. enterocolitica and serogroup 2B, 4A and UT of Y. pseudotuberculosis were detected. Campylobacter was isolated from 0.5% of river water samples. Plesiomonas from 1.5% of fresh water fishes, and Aeromonas was isolated from 6.9% of well water samples and 47.1% of fresh water fishes.     

Low prevalence of yadA-positive Yersinia enterocolitica in sows

Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 is commonly isolated from fattening pigs in Finland, but its prevalence in sows is relatively unknown. The current study determined the prevalence of yadA-positive Y. enterocolitica in sows and fattening pigs with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture methods. The strains were characterized with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using NotI DNA-restriction enzyme. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was detected in only 14% of sow tonsils compared with 56% of tonsils of fattening pigs. The prevalence varied between seven slaughterhouses from 0% to 30% in sows and from 30% to 87% in fattening pigs. A total of 37 NotI profiles were obtained from 148 Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains isolated from 134 tonsil samples: eight profiles were obtained from 26 sow strains and 34 from 122 fattening pig strains. Two types predominated in both sows and fattening pigs. The prevalence of yadA-positive Y. enterocolitica in fattening pigs increased from 1995 versus 1999; the mean prevalence in five slaughterhouses for the 2 years was 33% and 64%, respectively. Seven NotI profiles, including the two common types, were found both years. In conclusion, pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was detected at a significantly lower rate in sows than in fattening pigs. Moreover, the prevalence of this pathogen in fattening pigs was significantly higher in 1999 than in 1995. Some Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains persisting among slaughter swine were demonstrated to be very stable genetically. This study shows that fattening pigs are an important reservoir of different genotypes of Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 strains.