头低位－6°卧床时气功对尿皮质醇、尿醛固酮和超氧化物歧化酶的影响

６名年龄３５±６岁男性受试者作为对照组，６名年龄３６±６岁练气功的男性受试者为练气功组。实验程序包括２ｄ的准备期，７ｄ的头低位－６°卧床（ＨＤＢＲ－６°）期和２ｄ的恢复期。每天收集２４ｈ全尿，测定尿皮质醇（ＵＣＯＲ）和尿醛固酮（ＵＡＬＤ）；每两天采集耳血一次，测定超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的活性。结果表明：卧床前两组间ＵＣＯＲ和ＳＯＤ没有显著差异，而ＨＤＢＲ－６°后对照组ＵＣＯＲ和ＳＯＤ明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），练功组仅有增加的趋势，对照组和练功组相比在ＨＤＢＲ－６°期间差别显著（ｐ＜０．０１）。这表明练气功组比对照组有较好的耐受ＨＤＢＲ－６°的应激能力，对保持机体内环境稳定具有重要的意义。     

卧床模拟失重对人体急性缺氧耐力的影响

为探讨卧床模拟失重对机体缺氧耐力的影响，对６名受试者，头低位４°卧床（－４°ＨＤＢＲ）７ｄ，检查了卧床前后缺氧耐力和立位耐力，记录了ＥＣＧ、ＢＰ及ＨＲ的变化。结果表明：－４°ＨＤＢＲ模拟失重降低了机体的缺氧耐力；缺氧耐力与心血管失调间有很好的相关性。     

头低位模拟失重状态对前庭功能的影响

为研究头低位模拟失重对运动病症状、垂直视动眼震（ＶＯＫＮ）及体液重新分配的影响，在头低位－１０°的模拟失重状态下，采用大视野的垂直视动刺激，观察１８名正常人的运动病症状、ＶＯＫＮ、激素（ＡＶＰ、ＶＩＰ、ＣＯＲＴ、ＡＬＤＯ）的反应特点。结果表明，头低位－１０°状态下的大视野垂直视动刺激可以诱发出明显的运动病症状，头低位－１０°的垂直视动刺激比坐位更容易诱发运动病。坐位状态ＶＯＫＮ慢相速度有明显的方向性不对称，敏感组ＶＯＫＮ方向性不对称有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。头低位－１０°时ＶＯＫＮ的不对称现象不明显，向下方向运动的ＶＯＫＮ慢相速度显著增加。分析指出，头低位－１０°状态下垂直视动刺激比坐位和秋千刺激的贡献率大。尿中ＣＯＲＴ（皮质醇）在秋千和头低位的垂直视动刺激前后有显著性增加。提示：大视野的垂直视动刺激与头低位－１０°两种刺激的结合可能成为预测空间运动病的方法之一．     

模拟失重条件下体温调节的特点

为观察模拟失重条件下体温调节的特点，５名健康男性－６°头低卧床７ｄ、对照３ｄ、恢复２ｄ。结果表明：卧床中体温保持了觉醒－睡眠的昼变化规律，但节律发生了一定改变，直肠温度昼夜节律的改变主要出现在卧床初期。头颈部皮肤温度明显升高，温度分布改变。     

颈椎椎间关节面倾角的X线测量

通过对１００例正常颈椎，自Ｃ２到Ｃ７共６００个倾角测量结果表明，倾角范围２５°～７５°，自上向下倾角均值逐渐递减，Ｃ５－７倾角均值均小于４５°，Ｃ６倾角值最小，男性倾角大于女性。在大于４５°的１７７个倾角中，位于Ｃ２－４者１５１个占８５．３％，而小于４５°的１７９个倾角中，位于Ｃ５－７者１４３个占７９．８％，颈椎病以下颈椎多见，这与下颈段倾角小有关。小倾角是颈椎病发病的潜在因素。     

常温条件血液保存实验研究

常温条件血液保存实验研究①１００８５３北京解放军总医院刘景汉骆群欧阳锡林王青梅李锡金关键词血液保存中国图书资料分类号Ｒ４５７．１２目前，血液保存有两种温度，即４°Ｃ（２～６°Ｃ）和低温（－８０°Ｃ～－１９６°Ｃ），对这两种温度保存的血液，作者曾较全面...     

模拟微重力对血液流动性的影响

模拟微重力对血液流动性的影响血液流动性的改变将影响机体微循环中的血液灌注量，微重力和卧床时的机体活动减少和血液头向分布可能影响血液流动性而改变器官的氧供应和组织氧化作用。本实验观察了６名被试者在头低位－６°卧床９ｄ中血像、血粘度和红细胞聚集性的变化。...     

模拟微重力期间前臂血管阻力的压力感觉器反射调节功能的变化

模拟微重力期间前臂血管阻力的压力感觉器反射调节功能的变化微重力所引起的航天员血浆容量的减少，会影响到心肺压力感受器的调节功能，本实验的目的是观察７ｄ头低位卧床对心肺压力感受器反射功能的影响：被试考１１名，－６°头低位卧床７ｄ，实验前及卧床第７ｄ测安静...     

7天头低位卧床对人体心肺循环功能的影响

为了解模拟失重对心肺循环功能的影响采用ＸＸＨ－２０００型小循环心功能检测仪，观察了６名健康男性青年在头低位－６°卧床７ｄ中右胸电导纳容积波图的变化。卧床啵循环心功能参数的主要变化是：卧床初期Ｑ－ｊ、Ｑ－ｊ／ｊ－ｚ降低，ｈｚ、ｈｃ、ｈｃ／ｈｚ升高；２４ｈ后ｊ－ｚ缩短，Ｑ－ｊ／ｊ－ｚ升高。提示卧床初期出现肺动脉压升高、左心前负荷、右心前负荷和心肌收缩力增加，肺静脉充血；第３ｄ后有右心收缩功能下降。在头     

头低位卧床7天中脑循环功能的变化

为观察短期头低位卧床前、中、后脑循环的变化，进一步了解模拟失重对脑循环及其调节功能的影响。６名健康青年男性被试者，头低位－６°卧床７ｄ。脑循环观察采用ＴＣ２０００ＴＣＤ仪，分别检测头低位卧床前、中、后双侧脑中动脉血流速度。结果表明：头低位卧床期间双侧脑中动脉血流速度均呈升高趋势，２４ｈ内升高明显，４ｈ达最高值，第５ｄ呈最低值，第６～７ｄ又有升高趋势；双侧脑中动脉血流速度基本趋势相同，但存在部分差异。     

21天头低位(-6°)卧床前后下体负压和头高位倾斜暴露时的心血管反应

目的探讨２１天头低位（ＨＤＴ）卧床对人体立位应激下心血管反应的影响,以及比较下体负压（ＬＢＮＰ）和头高位倾斜（ＨＵＴ）两种立位应激下心血管反应的差异。方法６名受试者在２１天ＨＤＴ前、后分别进行ＬＢＮＰ（－４．００ｋＰａ／３ｍｉｎ、－６．６７ｋＰａ／３ｍｉｎ及－９．３３ｋＰａ／３ｍｉｎ）和ＨＵＴ试验（３０°／３ｍｉｎ、４５°／３ｍｉｎ、６０°／３ｍｉｎ及７５°／３ｍｉｎ）,以比较两种检测方法的血压（ＢＰ）和心率（ＨＲ）的变化情况。结果与ＬＢＮＰ（或ＨＵＴ）前相比：①ＬＢＮＰ（ＨＵＴ）时ＨＲ显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＳＢＰ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;卧床后相应的变化量增加。②ＬＢＮＰ时ＤＢＰ降低（卧床后达显著,Ｐ＜０．０５）;而ＨＵＴ时ＤＢＰ增加（卧床后达显著,Ｐ＜０．０５）。③ＬＢＮＰ时ＭＡＰ均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而ＨＵＴ时在卧床前无变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,在卧床后显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＬＢＮＰ和ＨＵＴ引起的ＣＶＳ反应并不相同。笔者认为,ＨＵＴ更能促进心血管系统对立位应激的调节作用。     

Acute cardiovascular adaptation to 10 consecutive episodes of head-up tilt

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular system is highly adaptable to sustained +Gz acceleration. Little is known as to whether the cardiovascular system can adapt to acute, repetitive +Gz exposures. This study tested the hypothesis that the cardiovascular system would adapt to repeated orthostatic challenges in a single session. METHODS: Over a 70-min period, 14 subjects were exposed to 10 +75 degrees head-up tilts (HUT). Each tilt involved a 5-min supine period followed by a 2-min HUT. Heart rate (HR), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) were determined non-invasively. Cardiovascular responses to HUT10 for the final 30 s of the supine period and the first 30 s of the tilt period were compared with those of HUT1. Integrated cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was assessed using the Valsalva maneuver. RESULTS: MAP and DBP increased in both supine (MAP p = 0.009, DBP p = 0.002) and tilt periods (MAP p = 0.003, DBP p = 0.009) for HUT10 compared with HUT1. TPR increased during the tilt period only (p = 0.001) during HUT10 compared with HUT1. CO and SV were decreased during the supine period at HUT10 relative to HUT1; however, there were no differences in the tilt period at HUT10 for either CO or SV. There was no change in the response of BRS, HR, or SBP from HUT1 to HUT10. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that 10 repetitive HUTs can elicit changes in the cardiovascular responses to orthostasis, reflected by an increased vascular resistance.     

卧床中及卧床后头高位倾斜对心率及血压变异谱的变化

观察了男性青年２１ｄ头低位６°卧床过程中以及卧床前、后７５°头高位倾斜（ＨＵＴ）时心率变异（ＨＲＶ）与动脉收缩压变异（ＳＢＰＶ）谱变化。卧床期间，完成者ＨＲＶ和ＳＢＰＶ谱的低，高频谱峰功率（ＬＦ和ＨＦ）均显著减小，ＨＲＶ谱低，高频谱峰功率比值（ＬＦ：ＨＦＨＲＶ）在卧床第１６ｄ有增大趋势，未完成者的相应谱指标有类似变化趋向，在卧床后ＨＵＴ初始６ｍｉｎ，所有被试者心率显著快于卧床前ＨＵＴ时相应值，而Ｌ     

21d头低位卧床期间第一周和最后一周下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响

目的观察在 2 1d头低位卧床的第一周和最后一周进行下体负压锻炼对立位耐力和心功能的影响。方法 1 2名健康男性志愿者 ,随机分为对照组和LBNP组 ,每组 6人 ,均参加 - 6°头低位倾斜卧床实验。对照组在卧床期间不做任何处理 ,LBNP组在卧床第一周和最后一周 ,每天进行 1h、- 30mmHg的下体负压锻炼。卧床前和卧床第 1 0、2 1天在倾斜床上进行 3次立位耐力检查 ,卧床期间测量心脏泵血和收缩功能等指标。结果卧床前两组 1 2名被试者均顺利通过立位耐力检查。卧床第 1 0和 2 1天 ,对照组所有被试者均不能通过立位耐力检查 ,而下体负压组仅有 1人未通过 ,卧床第 2 1天下体负压组( 1 9.7± 0 .9min)平均耐受时间较对照组 ( 1 5 .0± 3.2min)显著延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组每搏输出量(SV)及心输出量 (CO)在卧床第 3、1 0天较卧床前显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而LBNP组SV及CO在卧床期间均无显著性变化 ;两组的射血前期 (PEP) /左室射血时间 (LVET)在卧床第 3、1 4天均显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组间比较 ,LBNP组PEP/LVET在卧床第 3天较对照组显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,LVET在卧床第 3、7和 1 4天较对照组显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 2 1d头低位卧床可引起立位耐力、心脏泵血和收缩功能显著降低 ;在 2 1d头低位卧床的     

下体负压对抗21d头低位卧床后立位耐力不良的研究

目的观察ＬＢＮＰ对２１ｄＨＤＴ－６°卧床模拟失重所致立位耐力不良的对抗效果。方法１２名健康男性青年志愿者,进行２１ｄＨＤＴ－６°卧床实验。随机分为对照组和下体负压组,每组６人。与对照组不同,下体负压组在最后一周,每天进行１ｈ、－４．０ｋＰａ的下体负压锻炼。结果卧床前,１２名受试者顺利通过７５°、２０ｍｉｎ立位耐力检查。卧床第１０ｄ立位耐力检查时,对照组有５人、ＬＢＮＰ组有４人出现晕厥前或晕厥症状,两组平均耐受时间均低于卧床前（Ｐ＜０．０５）;第２１ｄ时,对照组有５人未通过,平均耐受时间较卧床前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而ＬＢＮＰ组有１人未通过,平均耐受时间显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论２１ｄ头低位卧床后立位耐力显著降低。下体负压能够有效对抗头低位卧床导致的立位耐力降低。     

Effect of lower body negative pressure against orthostatic intolerance induced by 21 days head-down tilt bed rest

BACKGROUND: Exposure to actual or simulated weightlessness is known to induce orthostatic intolerance in humans. Many different methods have been suggested to counteract orthostatic hypotension. The repetitive or prolonged application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has shown beneficial effects to counter orthostatic intolerance, but devoting so much time to countermeasures is not compatible with space mission objectives or costs. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of brief LBNP sessions against orthostatic intolerance during a 21-d head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest. METHODS: There were 12 healthy male volunteers who were exposed to -6 degrees HDT bed rest for 21 d. Six subjects received -30 mm Hg LBNP sessions for 1 h x d(-1) from day 15 to day 21 of the HDT, and six others served as control. Orthostatic tolerance was assessed by means of standard tilt test. RESULTS: Before HDT, all the subjects in the two groups completed the tilt tests. After 21 d of HDT, five subjects of the control group and one subject of the LBNP group could not complete the tilt test due to presyncopal or syncopal symptoms. The mean upright time in the control group 13.0 +/- 4.0 min) was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than that in the LBNP group (19.0 +/- 2.2 min). Body weight decreased significantly in the control group during HDT, while increasing significantly on day 21 of HDT in the LBNP group. Urine volume increased on days 15-21 of HDT in the control group, but remained unchanged throughout HDT in the LBNP group. A significant decrease in cardiac output and cardiac index, and a significant increase in total peripheral resistance, pre-ejection period, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and prostaglandin 12 were observed during HDT in both groups. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Brief daily LBNP sessions were effective in preventing orthostatic intolerance induced by 21 d HDT bed rest. However, it did not improve cardiac pump and systolic functions and did not preserve volume regulating hormones.     

24h头低位卧床对心血管功能及立位应激反应的影响

目的 观察２４ｈ头低位卧床对心血管系统功能和头高位倾斜心血管反应变化的影响。方法健康男性学员６名,年龄２２～２３岁,进行了２４ｈ头低位卧床实验,卧床期间用阻法测量了心脏泵血功能指标,并观测了卧床前后头高位倾斜时的心血管反应和卧床期间尿量的变化。结果 在卧床期间受试者心率较卧床前（立位）显著减慢,第６、１２、１８ｈ的心率较卧床开始时（０ｈ）显著降低。ＳＶ和ＳＩ在卧床０、６、１２和２４ｈ较卧床前显著增     

头低位暴露后直立位下体负压作用的耐力变化和心血管反应

目的观察头低位后直立位下体负压暴露的耐力和心血管反应。方法8名被试者在下体负压倾斜床上进行“直立位-倒立位30s-直立位联合下体负压(-60mmHg)致晕厥前症状”的模拟推拉效应试验及单纯直立位 下体负压(-60mmHg)致晕厥前症状的对照试验,用阻抗法测量了试验过程中心血管功能指标的变化。结果在模拟推拉效应试验中,8名被试者出现晕厥前症状的平均耐受时间为4.5±2.4min,显著低于对照试验时的8.4±2.1min(P<0.01)。在倒立位,被试者HR较直立位基础值降低,SV和CO较直立位基础值升高,均有显著性意义。和基础值相比,直立位下体负压时HR增加的百分比显著低于对照试验(P<0.05),而直立位下体负压时SV和CO降低的百分比均显著高于对照试验时SV和CO降低的百分比(P<0.05)。在直立位下体负压暴露时,对照试验的PP和基础值比较显著降低(P<0.05),TPR比基础值显著增加(P<0.05)。结论倒立位后,再进行直立位下体负压作用,出现晕厥前症状的平均耐受时间缩短,心血管反应降低。     

Central blood circulation in the healthy human being during 7 days' head-down tilt hypokinesia

The effect of 7-day head-down tilt (-15 degrees) and lower body negative pressure on circulation and oxidative metabolism was investigated on 13 healthy male test subjects. For 7-10 days they had Swan-Ganz catheters implanted in the pulmonary artery and a special cannula in the radial artery. The most marked changes were seen in the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and central venous pressure (CVP) that varied in a phase-like manner. By the 7th hour of bed rest the PAP increased significantly; this was followed by increases in the total lung resistance and the right ventricle function, as well as by a slight decrease of renin and aldosterone. Beginning with bed rest days 2 or 3 the PAP and CVP declined and remained lowered, as compared to the pretest level, till the end of bed rest. The responses to LBNP tests changed by bed rest day 2. Possible mechanisms of the above changes at rest and during LBNP tests are discussed.     

Baroreflex control of heart rate during heating in subjects with low orthostatic tolerance

BACKGROUND: Heat stress induces a reduction of orthostatic tolerance. The cardiovascular responses, including the cardiac baroreflex response to heat stress, were examined to test the hypothesis that subjects with orthostatically low tolerance demonstrate an impaired baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) during heat stress. METHODS: There were 44 healthy young volunteers who underwent whole body heat stress produced by a hot-water-perfused suit during supine rest for 45 min and 75 degrees head-up tilt (HUT) for 6 min. Esophageal temperature, HR, arterial pressure, and skin blood flow in the forearm and palm were measured continuously throughout the experiment. The sensitivity of the arterial baroreflex control of HR was calculated from the spontaneous changes in beat-to-beat arterial pressure and HR. RESULTS: The HUT was uneventful for 22 volunteers (higher tolerance group), but 22 volunteers (lower tolerance group) reached presyncope after 195 +/- 19 s. Esophageal temperature, HR, arterial pressure, and skin blood flow changed similarly in the two groups during heating. In the preheating condition, the sensitivity of the baroreflex control of HR did not differ significantly between the two groups. Heating did not alter the sensitivity of baroreflex control of HR in the higher tolerance group, but decreased it significantly in the lower tolerance group. Heating increased the number of heartbeats used for analysis of the baroreflex sensitivity in the higher tolerance group, but did not change it in the lower tolerance group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the impairment of vagal baroreflex control of HR during heat exposure aggravates the orthostatic intolerance in heat-stressed humans.