非体外循环辅助下冠状动脉旁路移植术(附5例报告)

2001年8～9月,我们在非体外循环辅助下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)5例,手术效果良好,现报告如下.     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术（附24例分析）

目的 :探讨非体外循环下的冠状动脉搭桥术临床效果。方法 :对 1999年 1月到 2 0 0 1年 6月 ,在我院接受微创非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术临床效果进行分析。本组男性 16例 ,女性 8例 ,年龄 4 9～ 73岁 (平均 6 2岁 ) ,单支血管病变 2例 ,双支血管病变 7例 ,三支血管病变 15例 ,其中左主干病变 4例。术前 13例患者心电图有ST段下移、心肌供血不足表现。采用前胸正中切口 ,应用CTS血管固定器 ,搭桥 1～ 4 (平均 2 6 )根 ,应用左胸廓内动脉 11例 ,桡动脉 6例。结果 :除 1例患者发生围手术期心梗外 ,无一例死亡。平均辅助呼吸时间 (5 6± 3 9)小时 ,平均ICU时间 (4 3± 1 6 )天 ,12例 (5 0 % )未输血 ,平均输血量为330ml,术后平均住院 (2 1 7± 7 3)天。随访平均 16个月。所有患者心绞痛症状消失 ,心肌供血明显改善 ,心功能恢复满意 ,活动量增加 ,生活质量明显提高。结论 :非体外循环下的冠状动脉搭桥术 ,经济、安全可行 ,值得推广应用 ,尤其是经济不发达地区更易被患者接受 ,但必须有选择地使用     

Comparison of long-term graft patency of on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

<正>Objective To explore the cause of acute myocardial ischemia early after coronary artery bapass graft (CABG) and surgical management on it. Methods From 2001 to 2009,28 patients underwent urgent reoperation early after CABG due to acute myocardial ischemia. The incidence of reoperation is about 0. 02% . The cause of reoperation inclouded early graft     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后桡动脉桥血管通畅率的影响因素分析

目的 分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后桡动脉(RA)桥通畅率的影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析在CABG术中使用RA桥,并于术后1年复查冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影术(CTA)患者65例。收集患者术前、术中及术后的相关资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析筛选RA桥通畅率的影响因素。 结果 RA桥靶血管近端狭窄程度≥80%(OR=0.212, 95%CI: 0.049~0.912, P=0.037)和靶血管在左前降支区域(OR=0.104, 95%CI: 0.012~0.921, P=0.042)是RA桥术后通畅率的独立保护因素,而术后未规范联用抗痉挛药物(OR=6.825, 95%CI: 1.857~25.083, P=0.004)是RA桥通畅率的独立危险因素。 结论 CABG术中RA桥靶血管的合理选择和术后联用抗痉挛药物是RA桥通畅率的独立影响因素。     

非体外循环与常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的预后

目的 观察非体外循环(OPCABG)与常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)早期预后及术后6月预后,评估两种手术方式的差异.方法 连续性选取40例行冠状动脉旁路移植术病人,男女不限,随机分为二组,CCABGCE20例,OPCABG组20例,所有患者记录手术时间、ICU停留时间、血管活性药物用量、心电图、住院时间、术后6月状态等临床指标及术前、入ICU时、出ICU时、出院时cTnI浓度.结果 CCABG组手术时间、ICU停留时间、血管活性药物用量高于OPCABG组,且cTnI峰值浓度明显高于OPCABG组,两组参数间有明显统计学差异(P＜0.05),CCABG组住院时间、术后6月状态与OPCABG组相比差异无明显统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 OPCABG早期预后优干CCABG组,两组术后6月预后无明显差异.     

Graft patency in off-pump and conventional coronary artery bypass grafting for treatment of triple vessel coronary disease

Inanattempttoavoidthedeleteriouseffectsofcardiopulmonarybypass (CPB) ,off pumpcoronarybypasssurgeryhasrecentlybeenrediscoveredandrefined Overthepastdecade ,theuseofoff pumporbeating heartcoronaryarterybypass (OPCAB)surgeryhassincebecomemorepopularandwidelyused Intriplevesseldisease ,accesstothelateralandposteriorwallvesselstofacilitatecompleterevascularizationevolved ,accompaniedbytechnicaladvancesintheinstrumentationforstabilizationoftheheart Multiplepreviousauthorshavereportedaseriesofoff…     

Analysis early and mid-term outcomes of 1150 consecutive cases after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting:a single-center,11-year experience

目的 总结不停跳冠脉搭桥术的临床经验,评价其疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院2001年1月至2011年12月收治的1150例不停跳冠脉搭桥术患者的临床资料.结果 住院死亡13例,死亡率为1.13％.平均搭桥(3.25±0.30)支,平均手术时间(329.2±53.5)min,左乳内动脉使用率为94.0％.术前预防性使用主动脉内球囊反搏辅助145例,术中转为体外循环下辅助手术35例.术后呼吸机辅助呼吸时间(12.8±4.5)h,术后监护室停留时间(16.2±5.0)h.术后出现并发症50例,发生率4.35％,包括心肌梗死2例,出血25例,脑卒中14例,纵隔感染11例,肾衰竭18例,其他12例.平均随访(48.9±16.3)个月,心脏功能不同程度得到改善,生活质量提高.结论 不停跳冠脉搭桥术是一种较为安全的冠心病治疗方法,术中使用分流栓和瞬时血流量测定是保障桥血管通畅的重要手段,围术期维持循环稳定是减少并发症的重要环节.     

1150例不停跳冠脉搭桥术临床经验总结

目的总结不停跳冠脉搭桥术的临床经验,评价其疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院2001年1月至2011年12月收治的1150例不停跳冠脉搭桥术患者的临床资料。结果住院死亡13例,死亡率为1.13%。平均搭桥(3.25±0.30)支,平均手术时间(329.2±53.5)min,左乳内动脉使用率为94.0%。术前预防性使用主动脉内球囊反搏辅助145例,术中转为体外循环下辅助手术35例。术后呼吸机辅助呼吸时间(12.8±4.5)h,术后监护室停留时间(16.2±5.0)h。术后出现并发症50例,发生率4.35%,包括心肌梗死2例,出血25例,脑卒中14例,纵隔感染11例,肾衰竭18例,其他12例。平均随访(48.9±16.3)个月,心脏功能不同程度得到改善,生活质量提高。结论不停跳冠脉搭桥术是一种较为安全的冠心病治疗方法,术中使用分流栓和瞬时血流量测定是保障桥血管通畅的重要手段,围术期维持循环稳定是减少并发症的重要环节。     

Cognitive outcome after off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized trial

Context  Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is associated with a decline in cognitive function, which has largely been attributed to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump procedures). Cardiac stabilizers facilitate CABG surgery without use of cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump procedures) and should reduce the cognitive decline associated with on-pump procedures. Objective  To compare the effect of CABG surgery with (on-pump) and without (off-pump) cardiopulmonary bypass on cognitive outcome. Design and Setting  Randomized controlled trial conducted in the Netherlands of CABG surgery patients enrolled from March 1998 through August 2000, with 3- and 12-month follow-up. Participants and Intervention  Patients scheduled for their first CABG surgery (mean age, 61 years; n = 281) were randomly assigned to off-pump surgery (n = 142) or on-pump surgery (n = 139). Main Outcome Measures  Cognitive outcome at 3 and 12 months, which was determined by psychologists (blinded for randomization) who administered 10 neuropsychological tests before and after surgery. Quality of life, stroke rate, and all-cause mortality at 3 and 12 months were secondary outcome measures. Results  Cognitive outcome could be determined at 3 months in 248 patients. Cognitive decline occurred in 21% in the off-pump group and 29% in the on-pump group (relative risk [RR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-1.16; P = .15). The overall standardized change score (ie, improvement of cognitive performance) was 0.19 in the off-pump vs 0.13 in the on-pump group (P = .03). At 12 months, cognitive decline occurred in 30.8% in the off-pump group and 33.6% in the on-pump group (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.52-1.49; P = .69). The overall standardized change score was 0.19 in the off-pump vs 0.12 in the on-pump group (P = .09). No statistically significant differences were observed between the on-pump and off-pump groups in quality of life, stroke rate, or all-cause mortality at 3 and 12 months. Conclusion  Patients who received their first CABG surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass had improved cognitive outcomes 3 months after the procedure, but the effects were limited and became negligible at 12 months.      

围手术期输注红细胞对不停跳下冠脉旁路移植术后近期桥血管通畅率的影响

目的 探讨不停跳下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)围术期输入红细胞对于术后近期桥血管通畅率的影响.方法 选择2013 年6月至2015 年6月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院行OPCABG的106例(共127例,失访21例)患者为研究对象,依据患者围术期红细胞的使用与否分为两组:组Ⅰ(输注红细胞组,71例);组Ⅱ(未输注红细胞组,35例).术后1年左右行冠脉CT检查,对比观察两组患者各桥血管通畅情况.结果 组Ⅱ桥血管通畅率(96.97%)高于组Ⅰ(90.40%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组Ⅱ大隐静脉桥血管通畅率(96.92%)高于组Ⅰ(88.15%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组间乳内动脉桥血管通畅率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 OPCABG围手术期输血会加大近期大隐静脉桥血管再狭窄的发生率.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中桥血管血流对术后近中期预后的影响

目的:对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass,OPCAB)中测定的血流资料和术后近中期结果进行分析,探讨两者间的相关性。方法:回顾性收集2013年1月至2016年6月在北京大学人民医院行单纯OPCAB手术的患者资料,分析并对比患者术中测定的血流指标、术后早期临床事件及术后随访资料。术后早期临床事件包括围手术期心肌梗死、主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)使用、再次手术、新发心房颤动及院内死亡。结果:共463例患者纳入研究,平均年龄(62.80±8.36)岁,其中女性115例(24.8%),平均吻合桥血管(3.10±0.81)支,共1 435支桥血管,术中血流测定结果显示移植血管平均血流量(mean flow,MF)为(32.34±14.45) mL/min,搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)为2.87±0.92。23例(5%)患者发生围手术期心肌梗死,IABP使用者11例,术后30 d死亡患者4例。围手术期心肌梗死组的桥血管MF低于无心肌梗死组,而PI高于无心肌梗死组(P<0.05)。其他术后早期临床事件组间比较,其MF、PI值差异均无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示移植血管低MF(Wald=5.684,P=0.017,95%CI:0.894~0.989)、高PI(Wald=9.040,P=0.003,95%CI:1.252~2.903)是围手术期心肌梗死的危险因素。随访最长时间37个月,共7例患者死亡,死亡组与生存组间术中血流指标差异均无统计学意义。与动脉桥正常血流组比较,低MF组(MF<10 mL/min)随访期间死亡率较高,差异有统计学意义(OR=9.6,P<0.05)。结论:移植血管低MF、高PI会增加围手术期心肌梗死发生率,动脉桥MF<10 mL/min 会增加患者术后中期死亡率,但仍需进一步研究证实,术中血流测定技术对OPCAB术后近中期结果有一定的预测价值。     

重症冠心病非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术及围术期处理

目的总结重症冠心病在非体外循环心脏不停跳下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)的经验.方法 20例重症冠心病者,全部采用OPCABG,选用乳内动脉、桡动脉、大隐静脉作为移植血管材料.共搭桥64支,平均3.2支.术中使用CTS心脏固定器.加强围手术期处理.结果全组无围术期急性心肌梗塞,无死亡病例.术后心绞痛症状全部缓解,住院天数为19～45天,平均25.2天.结论非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥手术安全、有效,可用于多支病变或/和危重急症患者.主动脉内球囊反搏是治疗冠心病严重并发症和围手术期心衰很有效的辅助装置.合理的围术期处理对手术效果很重要.     

重症冠心病非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术及围术期处理

目的总结重症冠心病在非体外循环心脏不停跳下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)的经验.方法 20例重症冠心病者,全部采用OPCABG,选用乳内动脉、桡动脉、大隐静脉作为移植血管材料.共搭桥64支,平均3.2支.术中使用CTS心脏固定器.加强围手术期处理.结果全组无围术期急性心肌梗塞,无死亡病例.术后心绞痛症状全部缓解,住院天数为19～45天,平均25.2天.结论非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥手术安全、有效,可用于多支病变或/和危重急症患者.主动脉内球囊反搏是治疗冠心病严重并发症和围手术期心衰很有效的辅助装置.合理的围术期处理对手术效果很重要.     

Terminal complement blockade with pexelizumab during coronary artery bypass graft surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized trial

Context  Inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass are associated with postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality. Objective  To determine the efficacy and safety of pexelizumab, a C5 complement inhibitor, in reducing perioperative MI and mortality in CABG surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, including 3099 patients (=" BORDER="0"> 18 years) undergoing CABG surgery with or without valve surgery at 205 hospitals in North America and Western Europe from January 2002 to February 2003. Interventions  Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous pexelizumab (2.0 mg/kg bolus plus 0.05 mg/kg per hour for 24 hours; n = 1553) or placebo (n = 1546) 10 minutes before undergoing the procedure. Main Outcome Measures  The primary composite end point was the incidence of death or MI within 30 days of randomization in those undergoing CABG surgery only (n = 2746). Secondary analyses included the intent-to-treat analyses of death or MI composite at days 4 and 30 in all 3099 study patients. Results  After 30 days, 134 (9.8%) of 1373 of patients receiving pexelizumab vs 161 (11.8%) of 1359 of patients receiving placebo (relative risk, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.02; P = .07) died or experienced MI in the CABG surgery only population. In the intent-to-treat analyses, 178 (11.5%) of 1547 patients receiving pexelizumab vs 215 (14.0%) of 1535 receiving placebo died or experienced MI (relative risk, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.99; P = .03). The trial was not powered to detect a reduction in mortality alone. Conclusions  Compared with placebo, pexelizumab was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of the composite end point of death or MI in 2746 patients who had undergone CABG surgery only but was associated with a statistically significant risk reduction 30 days after the procedure among all 3099 patients undergoing CABG with or without valve surgery.      

Effect and cost of perioperative use of antibiotics in coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized controlled study

Background  Bacterial infections remain a serious complication following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of a guideline for the appropriate use of antibiotics in CABG during the perioperative period.

Methods  Six hundred and fourteen hospitalized patients who had undergone CABG from January to June 2006 were randomly allocated to an intervention group and a control group. The data on the hospital stay, days of antibiotic used, types of prophylactic antibiotics used, surgical wound infection and pulmonary infection and antibiotic costs for the patients were compared.

Results  The postoperative hospitalization days of the intervention group were significantly fewer than that for the control group (P <0.05). The time of antibiotic use and post-infection treatment time were also significantly less in the intervention group than in the control group (P <0.05). The average hospital daily cost and total cost of antibiotics were less in the intervention group than in the control group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, prophylactic antibiotic use in the intervention group was more reasonable.

Conclusions  The guideline for the appropriate use of antibiotics in CABG during the perioperative period is effective strategies for reducing antibiotic costs, the time of antibiotic use and post-infection treatment time without compromising the patients’ clinical outcome.

     

体外与非体外循环冠脉搭桥术临床对比研究及护理

目的对比研究体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术和非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的疗效。方法研究组57例采用非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术;对照组15例体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、辅助呼吸时间、术后引流量、ICU监护时间、术后拔管时间、住院总天数、住院总费用等指标。结果研究组手术时间、术中出血量、辅助呼吸时间、术后引流量、ICU监护时间、术后拔管时间、术后住院时间、住院总费用等明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。研究组术后无1例发生心绞痛,3例术后38h出现窦性心动过速,对照组7例术后24h出现心律紊乱,频发室早。其余恢复良好,均痊愈出院。随防6~36个月,研究组心绞痛消失,疗效满意;对照组术后2例13个月发生充血性心力衰竭,3例心律紊乱,频发室早。结论非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥安全、有效。非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术比体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术术中心脏创伤小,术后心脏功能恢复快,并发症少,减少护理工作量,值得推广。     

体外和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术心功能恢复的效果

目的：探讨冠心病患者行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（EC－CABG）和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（NEC－CABG）心功能恢复的效果。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月至2001年12月连续120例冠状动脉旁路移植术，其中EC－CABG组69例，手术在体外循环下进行；NEC－CABG组51例，不用体外循环，心脏跳动下完成旁路移植手术。应用肺动脉漂浮导管连续监测心排血量（CO）、心排血指数（CI）、左心室每搏功指数（LVSWI），记录围术期主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）使用情况、机械通气时间、正性肌力药物用量、血液超滤的使用情况、手术时间、输血量等。结果：NEC－CABG组CO、CI、LVSWI较EC－CABG组恢复快；NEC－CABG组使用IABP（1.9%)较EC－CABG组（8.6%)明显降低（P＜0.05)；NEC－CABG组机械通气时间较EC－CABG组短，正性肌力药物使用量明显减少，且EC－CABG组多需要进行血液超滤。结论：非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术显示了良好的心功能恢复效果，加快了患者的康复。     

常规体外循环与非体外循环冠脉旁路移植术后肾功能的变化

目的:探讨常规体外循环与非体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)后肾功能的变化规律. 方法:择期行 CABG术的患者60例,随机分为常规组和非体外循环组,每组30例,分别在体外循环心脏停跳下行冠脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环心脏不停跳下行冠脉旁路移植术(OPCAB),并且在术前及术后6、24和48 h测定血肌酐值并计算出肌酐清除率.结果:术后24 h肌酐清除率CCABG组显著低于术前水平(62.7±18.2) ml/min vs (78.8±24.3) ml/min, P<0.05,OPCAB组也显著低于术前水平(72.9±20.5) ml/min vs (81.9±19.7) ml/min, P<0.05,CCABG组显著低于OPCAB组,P<0.05;术后48 h肌酐清除率CCABG组仍显著低于术前水平(68.5±13.2) ml/min vs (78.8±24.3) ml/min ,P<0.05,但OPCAB组已恢复到术前水平.CCABG组肾功能不全(RD)的发生率显著高于OPCAB组(46.7% vs 20.0%, P<0.05).结论:常规体外循环与非体外循环CABG相比,前者对肾功能的损害较大,术后更易发生肾功能不全.