光固化流动复合树脂修复老年人根面龋的临床观察

目的探讨老年人根面龋充填治疗的合适材料。方法288颗患牙随机分为3组,分别用玻璃离子水门汀、光固化流动复合树脂和银汞合金充填修复,随访2年。结果3种材料修复成功率分别为81.2%、92.7%、75.0%。经统计学分析,光固化流动复合树脂组优于玻璃离子组,玻璃离子组优于银汞合金组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论光固化流动复合树脂是修复根面龋较为合适的材料,其疗效优于银汞合金与玻璃离子。     

A two-year clinical study of light-cured composite and amalgam restorations in primary molars.

The object of this prospective study was to compare the clinical behavior of composite and amalgam restorations with respect to anatomical form, marginal adaptation, caries adjacent to margin, and post-operative sensitivity. We selected children (n = 43) with an average age of 6.4 yr exhibiting proximal caries lesions in primary molars distributed on both left and right sides. In each child, one amalgam and one composite side were randomly chosen, resulting in 64 fillings for composite and 55 for amalgam. After a two-year period, significantly (p less than 0.05) more composite fillings (88%) were clinically classified as satisfactory compared with amalgam fillings (68%). No significant relationship was found between the success rate of proximal fillings and the caries activity of the individuals. The results indicate that composite can be used successfully as a class II filling material in primary molars in children.     

3种充填材料治疗老年根面龋的临床研究

目的 选择老年根面龋充填治疗的理想材料。方法 269颗患牙分成3组,分别用Dyract复合体、光固化复合树脂和玻璃离子水门汀(FujiⅡ)充填治疗,随访18～24个月。结果 Dyract复合体成功率95.6％,明显高于光固化复合树脂的67.1％(P<0.05),而与玻璃离子水门汀的成功率89.52％之间无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论Dyract复合体是治疗老年根面龋的较理想材料。     

老年人根面龋3种材料修复的疗效分析

目的:探讨修复老年人根面龋较理想的材料。方法:将216颗根面龋患牙,分别采用Dyract复合体、光固化复合树脂和玻璃离子水门汀充填修复。随访观察1-2年。结果:观察1年,3种材料修复成功率有显著性差异,Dyract复合体成功率(96.2%)最高;观察2年,Dyract复合体成功率94.9%,明显高于玻璃离子水门汀的成功率77.9%(P<0.01)和光固化复合树脂的成功率61.4%(P<0.01),差异均具有显著性。结论:Dyract复合体是修复根面龋较为理想的材料。     

Clinical assessment of amalgam fillings

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of amalgam fillings among 20-yr-old Helsinki University students. The quality of the fillings was evaluated for the teeth 16 and 46. The marginal adaptation, anatomical form and surface texture of the fillings were evaluated and the filled surfaces were classified as being good, or requiring refinishing or replacement. The age of the fillings and how often they had been replaced were also evaluated from previous records. 47% of the filled surfaces were classified as good, 43% needed to be refinished and 10% needed replacement. The reasons for refinishing a filling were faults in surface texture (61 %), anatomical form (23 %) or marginal adaptation (16%). The reasons for replacing a filling were fractured filling (38%), secondary caries or incorrect marginal adaptation (23%), inadequate anatomical form (13 %) or poor surface texture (26%) which could not be refinished. The mean age of all fillings was 6.6 yr. The mean age of fillings which needed replacement was 7.3 yr. The maxillary first molar had been filled an average of 2.0 times and the mandibular first molar 2.2 times by the age of 20 yr.     

Reasons for replacement and the age of failed restorations in posterior teeth of young Finnish adults

Using dentist characteristics, our aim was to evaluate the reasons for replacements of fillings, the age of failed restorations in the posterior teeth of young adults, and replacement rates. Altogether 205 patient records from the Public Oral Health Service of the City of Vantaa, Finland were evaluated. Patient age was restricted to between 25 and 30 years and type of tooth to posterior teeth only (third molars excluded). Information collected from the records included the patient's date of birth, latest DMFS and DMF, and the code for background data on the dentist. Details of each filled premolar and molar included the restorative material, location, and surface coverage of filling(s). The age of replacement of filling in premolar(s) or molar(s) was screened retrospectively from patient records. The total number of filled premolars and molars was 1873, with 1969 fillings. Forty percent of the patients had undergone replacement of filling in premolar(s) or molar(s). In all, 140 replacements had been made, accounting for 6.9% of amalgam fillings and 8.5% of tooth-colored fillings. Secondary caries, along with fractures, overhangs, and marginal discrepancy, was the most common reason for replacement. The mean age of failed amalgam fillings was 8.9 years (SD 5.2) and of failed tooth-colored fillings 2.4 years (SD 1.6). In the public sector, female dentists form the majority and their replacement rate for amalgam fillings was twice that of male dentists (7.6% vs 3.2%; P = 0.01).     

Reasons for replacement and the age of failed restorations in posterior teeth of young Finnish adults

Using dentist characteristics, our aim was to evaluate the reasons for replacements of fillings, the age of failed restorations in the posterior teeth of young adults, and replacement rates. Altogether 205 patient records from the Public Oral Health Service of the City of Vantaa, Finland were evaluated. Patient age was restricted to between 25 and 30 years and type of tooth to posterior teeth only (third molars excluded). Information collected from the records included the patient's date of birth, latest DMFS and DMF, and the code for background data on the dentist. Details of each filled premolar and molar included the restorative material, location, and surface coverage of filling(s). The age of replacement of filling in premolar(s) or molar(s) was screened retrospectively from patient records. The total number of filled premolars and molars was 1873, with 1969 fillings. Forty percent of the patients had undergone replacement of filling in premolar(s) or molar(s). In all, 140 replacements had been made, accounting for 6.9% of amalgam fillings and 8.5% of tooth-colored fillings. Secondary caries, along with fractures, overhangs, and marginal discrepancy, was the most common reason for replacement. The mean age of failed amalgam fillings was 8.9 years (SD 5.2) and of failed tooth-colored fillings 2.4 years (SD 1.6). In the public sector, female dentists form the majority and their replacement rate for amalgam fillings was twice that of male dentists (7.6% vs 3.2%; P = 0.01).     

乳牙继发龋危险因素分析

目的　评价并发现产生乳牙继发龋的相关危险因素。方法　收集乳牙因龋充填在一年以上的临床病例 32 2名 ( 982颗乳牙 ) ,并进行Logistic回归分析。结果　乳牙继发龋的发生与充填时间、口腔内龋损牙数、菌斑指数呈正相关 ,银汞合金为最不易发生乳牙继发龋的充填材料 ,在本院儿童牙科充填的乳牙龋洞继发龋发生率较低 ,同时乳前牙较乳后牙因龋充填易发生继发龋。结论　充填时间、口腔内龋损牙数、菌斑指数、充填材料、治疗单位、充填牙位是乳牙继发龋可能的危险致病因素。     

树脂化玻璃离子充填材料治疗老年根面龋临床疗效观察

目的：比较光固化复合树脂、玻璃离子水门汀和树脂化玻璃离子3种填充材料的临束效果。方法：对65岁以上270例老年人435颗牙随机分为三组，分别接受3种填充材料治疗，随访1～2年。结果：观察1年，光固化复合树脂、玻璃离子水门汀和树脂化玻璃离子充填的总有效率分别为75．00％、87．84％、94．84％；2年的总有效率分别为71．30％、80．70％、92．00％，统计学分析1年和2年的有效率，树脂化玻璃离子组优于玻璃离子水门汀组、玻璃离子水门汀组优于光固化复合树脂组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；树脂化玻璃离子组优于光固化复合树脂组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：树脂化玻璃离子较光固化复合树脂和玻璃离子水门汀修复老年根面龋疗效好。     

The effect of the combined prevention of stomatologic diseases on the quality of the treatment of dental caries and the stability of fillings

The state of teeth filled with silver amalgam, silidont, 'evicrol' was clinically assessed in 280 schoolchildren which had been earlier subjects to dental caries prevention. The quality of dental care was assessed by 5 scores developed by the Central Stomatological Institute. One to two years after a combined preventive intervention, the state of filling was found unsatisfactory in 11.0 to 11.3% of amalgam-filled teeth, in 15.8-22.7% of silidont- and 4.3-10.8% of 'evicrol'-filled teeth. The respective values were 18.8-26.3% ; 37.9-39.1%; 14.9-23.9% in control groups. The combined prevention of caries was conductive to improved treatment quality which was accounted for by a 1.5 to 2-fold reduction in the rate of disorders in marginal contact with filling material and secondary caries. The electrometric diagnostic technique was used to evaluate the marginal permeability of filling and to diagnose the caries relapses. The technique allowed detection of the initial stages in the state of filling and concealed secondary caries.     

The sealing ability of amalgam used as a retrograde root filling in endodontic surgery

A dye penetration technique was used to investigate the sealing ability of amalgam retrograde root fillings in vitro. A factorial design was employed to determine the effect of amalgam fillings of 1, 2 and 4 mm in length with and without prior filling of the canals with gutta-percha. The results were compared with a group of teeth filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha alone and another with laterally condensed gutta-percha plus root resection but with no retrograde filling. It was concluded that increasing the length of the amalgam filling did not improve the seal, that prior filling of the canal did not improve the seal, that retrograde root fillings were no worse than laterally condensed gutta-percha alone and that root resection of teeth filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha without retrograde filling was no worse than those filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha without root resection or retrograde root filling.     

FX玻璃离子水门汀修复乳磨牙的临床疗效

目的：比较FX谆子水门汀（以下简称FX）与银汞合金修复乳磨牙的临床疗效。方法：选择双侧同名乳磨牙患邻He面龋的患儿105例，共226个牙。采用自身对照和随机方法，其中一牙用FX做无创性修复治疗，另一牙用银汞合金修复。经6个月、1年、2年观察，比较修复的成功率。结果：FX、银汞合金修复的成功率分别为92．92％和84．07％，统计学上有显著性差异。结论：临床观察表明FX对修复乳磨牙邻He面龋坏的疗效优于银汞合金。     

The adaptation and sealing ability of light-cured glass ionomer retrograde root fillings

The adaptation and sealing ability of a light-cured glass ionomer cement when used as a retrograde root filling was assessed using a confocal optical microscope with and without a fluorescent dye. This material was compared with a conventional glass ionomer cement and amalgam. The root canals of 60 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. All the teeth were apicected, retrograde cavities were prepared, and then divided into three groups of 20 teeth each and filled with the test materials. The light-cured glass ionomer cement was well adapted to the retrograde cavity and apicected root surface. Within the retrograde cavity the cement was often well adapted to one wall, but gaps were found on the opposite cavity wall. This was probably caused by the polymerization contraction of the material. In contrast, the amalgam retrograde root fillings were poorly adapted to the cavities, with gaps between the cavity walls and amalgam. This group exhibited the poorest sealing ability as measured by the extent of dye penetration. The conventional glass ionomer cement was often found smeared over the root face, and there were unfilled voids at the base of some retrograde cavities. The results of the dye leakage study were analysed statistically. The sealing ability of the light-cured glass ionomer cement was significantly better than that of amalgam (P less than 0.001). The dye penetration around the light-cured glass ionomer cement and the conventional glass ionomer cement was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). However, the sealing ability of the conventional glass ionomer cement was significantly better than that of amalgam (P less than 0.05).     

4种材料修复乳磨牙龋的临床疗效比较

目的:比较不同材料修复乳磨牙龋的临床疗效。方法:选择合适患儿115例,446个乳磨牙。采用随机和自身对照方法,应用4种不同材料对其进行充填修复。结果:经1~2年观察,银汞合金、光固化复合树脂、玻璃离子水门汀、Dyract复合体材料组修复乳磨牙龋成功率分别为61.48%、66.34%、60.47%和90.43%。结论:4种材料修复乳磨牙龋各有其优缺点,Dyract复合体材料修复乳磨牙龋临床效果较好。     

A study in vitro of threaded titanium pins used for retrograde obturation of root canals

The microleakage of four retrograde filling materials was compared in vitro. Fifty-three single rooted teeth were instrumentated and root filled with resin chloroform and gutta-percha. The gutta-percha cones were left extruding from the access opening. All teeth were apicected and retrograde fillings placed. The materials used were a non γ2 amalgam (Amalcap), a glass ionomer cement (ChemFil II), threaded titanium pins cemented with a glass ionomer cement (ChemFil II) and identical titanium pins cemented with a silicone material (Adheseal). After removal of the gutta-percha with tweezers, a radioactive isotope solution was placed in the teeth. Extraradicular samples were taken at 3, 7, 28, 77 and 104 days. All retrograde fillings showed some microleakage. The group with titanium pins cemented with silicone showed the least leakage: significantly less than the teeth with glass ionomer cement (P < 0.01) and with amalgam (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found between other groups.     

Clinically controlled experiment on frequency of secondary caries in amalgam and mold fillings

The purpose of the present controlled clinical study was to assess and compare the secondary caries rate of amalgam fillings and castings, respectively. 154 pairs of fillings (class I and II) were included in the trial and the time of observation was two years. The fillings were made under equal clinical conditions particularly with regard of dentist's care. The secondary caries rate of the amalgam fillings was 20.1% and of the castings 18.2%, respectively. The difference was not significant (chi-square-test). The reason of that is probably the similar care of the manufacturing of fillings. Therefore the authors recommend amalgam fillings for the restoration of class I and II cavities.     

继发龋的Logistic回归分析

目的 :评价产生继发龋的相关危险因素 ,以期发现导致继发龋发生的危险因素。方法 :收集磨牙窝洞充填在一年以上的磨牙临床病例 10 2 7名 ,并进行条件Logistic回归分析。 结果 :继发龋的发生与充填时间呈正相关 ;最易发生继发龋的充填材料依此为 :复合树脂、玻璃离子粘固剂和银汞合金。在口腔医院充填的窝洞继发龋发生率较低 ,为 32 .6 %。结论 :充填时间、治疗单位、充填材料是继发龋可能的危险致病因素     

The sealing ability of IBM® with the addition of hydroxyapatite as a retrograde root filling

Abstract The effect of adding 10% & 20% hydroxyapatite (HAP) on the sealing ability of IRM (Intermediate Restorative Material) when used as a retrograde root filling was assessed using a confocal optical microscope with a fluorescent dye. This was compared with another reinforced zinc-oxide eugenol cement (Kalzinol), ethoxybenzoic acid (EBA) cement and amalgam. The root canals of 70 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. All the teeth were apicected, retrograde cavities were prepared, and then divided into groups of 10 teeth each and filled with the test materials. A remaining group of 10 teeth were used as controls. The extent of dye penetration around IRM, IRM + 10% and IRM + 20% HAP was not significantly different. There was also no difference in the extent of dye penetration between EBA cement and IRM. However the sealing ability of both these materials was better than Kalzinol and amalgam. All the amalgam retro- grade root fillings leaked, exhibiting the poorest sealing ability. Dye penetrated into the root canals of all the positive controls whereas there was no dye penetration in the negative controls. The addition of 10% or 20% hydroxyapatite did not adversely affect the good sealing ability of IRM.     

The structure of experimental in vitro lesions around silicate fillings in human teeth

“Secondary caries” produced in 33 extracted human teeth by exposure to acidified gelatin were studied on 60–120 μm thick longitudinal ground sections by polarized light microscopy and microradiography. The silicate material caused a characteristic effect on the cavity walls. The “secondary caries” pattern consisted of an outer lesion and a cavity wall lesion as found previously in corresponding experiments with amalgam fillings. However, with silicate cement the lesions were less demineralized, and outer lesions were less frequent (44.3%), due, it is suggested, to the action of fluoride released from the silicate.     

Placement and replacement of restorations in primary teeth

This practice-based study aimed to record the use of restorative materials, the type of restoration by class, and the reason for and the age of failed restorations in primary teeth by means of a survey of placement and replacement of restorations in 1996 and 2000/2001. Written alternative criteria for placement and replacement of restorations were provided for the participating clinicians. Details on 2281 restorations showed that primary caries was the main reason for inserting restorations in primary teeth. Replacements of failed restorations represented 14% of the fillings (n = 2040) in 1996 and 9% in 2000/2001 (n = 241). More than 80% or the fillings in primary teeth were of tooth-colored material, predominantly of the light-cured type. About 50% of failed amalgam and glass ionomer-type restorations were replaced due to secondary caries. The median age of amalgam restorations (3 years) was significantly higher than that of tooth-colored restorations (2 years). Any possible advantage of a cariostatic effect of glass ionomer-type materials is apparently annulled by their short longevity compared with amalgam.