三七叶总皂苷的提取纯化及其抗抑郁活性研究

目的研究三七叶总皂苷最佳提取工艺及其抗抑郁活性。方法采用正交实验,考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、固液比及提取时间四个因素对三七叶总皂苷提取工艺的影响,利用D101大孔树脂分离,溶剂沉淀纯化三七叶总皂苷。采用小鼠强迫游泳实验和小鼠尾悬挂实验对三七叶总皂苷进行抗抑郁活性评价。结果确立了三七叶总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为：提取时间1行．5 h,乙醇浓度60％,固液比1∶10,提取温度为80℃。三七叶总皂苷与对照品氟西汀类似,均能显著缩短小鼠游泳和悬尾的不动时间。结论优选出的最佳提取工艺条件及纯化总皂苷的方法对进一步的工艺开发有较好的参考价值,所得三七叶总皂苷具有很好的抗抑郁活性。     

罐组式逆流提取刺五加叶中抗氧化活性成分工艺研究

目的研究罐组式逆流提取刺五加叶中抗氧化活性成分的工艺。方法采用正交试验设计,以总黄酮、总酚含量及DPPH自由基(DPPH.)清除率的全概率值为评价指标,考察固液比、提取时间和提取温度对提取工艺的影响。结果最佳提取工艺条件为固液比为1∶16,提取时间为30 min,提取温度为80℃。结论罐组式逆流提取刺五加叶中抗氧化活性成分具有提取率高、节省溶剂用量等优点,具有较好的应用前景。     

槐米中芦丁的超声辅助提取工艺研究

目的研究槐米中芦丁的最佳超声辅助提取工艺。方法在提取功率、超声提取时间、提取次数、料液比等单因素考察试验的基础上,通过正交设计法对超声提取时间、提取温度、料液比进行三因素三水平试验。结果最佳超声辅助提取工艺条件为超声频率20kHz、提取功率800w、提取温度60℃、料液比1：20,超声提取2次,每次30min;芦丁提取率最高为18．25％。结论优选的提取工艺条件简单可行、速度快,可提高槐米中芦丁的收率。     

枸骨叶总黄酮超声提取及含量测定

目的:优选枸骨叶总黄酮最佳提取工艺。方法:以乙醇浓度、超声时间、提取温度、料液比为考察因素,以总黄酮含量为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交试验优选最佳提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度40%、超声25min、温度70℃、料液比1∶12;枸骨叶总黄酮含量为4.381%(以100g干枸骨叶计)。结论:该提取工艺简便、快捷,适用于枸骨叶总黄酮的提取。     

正交试验法优化蔷薇红景天多糖的提取工艺

目的 优化红景天多糖的最佳提取工艺.方法 采用正交试验方法,以多糖含量为考察指标,比较不同水浴浸提温度、超声功率、超声时间以及固液比对提取效果的影响.结果 最佳提取工艺为水浴浸提温度90℃,超声功率100%,超声时间30 min·固液比1:50.结论 优选的蔷薇红景天多糖提取工艺合理稳定,可为蔷薇红景天的开发利用提供一定的试验依据.     

沙棘果中总黄酮苷类的提取工艺研究

目的探讨沙棘果实中总黄酮苷类的最佳提取工艺。方法采用单因素实验和正交实验结合的方法筛选,对乙醇浓度、提取温度、料液比、提取时间进行四因素三水平的正交试验。结果最佳工艺条件为70℃下采用60%的乙醇浸提,固液比1∶15,回流提取(0.5 h×3)。结论首次将水解后的沙棘总黄酮苷元作为沙棘总黄酮提取工艺的评价指标,在分析检测方法上不仅应测定水解前,还应考察测定水解后总黄酮苷元的含量。     

正交试验优选锁阳总黄酮超声提取工艺

目的:优选锁阳中总黄酮提取工艺。方法:以乙醇浓度、超声时间、提取温度、固液比为考察因素,以新疆锁阳中总黄酮的含量为评价指标,采用正交试验设计优选最佳提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为80%的乙醇,固液比1∶30,40℃超声提取50min,野生锁阳中总黄酮含量为10.05%。结论:该提取工艺简便、快捷,适用于锁阳中总黄酮的提取。     

黄花菜粗黄酮提取工艺优化

目的找到黄花菜中粗黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法回流法以固液比、醇浓度、提取温度和提取时间为回流提取的4个因素,通过单因素和正交试验进行考察;同时考察超声提取工艺。结果最终最佳提取工艺为固液比60 mL,提取温度95℃,醇浓度95%,提取时间2.5 h。超声提取中提取时间为40 min,醇浓度为90%,固液比为60 mL时提取效率最高。结论回流法提取效率高于超声法的提取效率。     

超声法与连续回流法提取黄芪总黄酮的工艺对比研究

目的:对比研究超声法和连续回流法提取黄芪总黄酮的工艺。方法:以乙醇浓度、提取时间、固液比、提取温度为考察因素,黄芪总黄酮提取率为考察指标,采用正交试验优选最佳提取工艺条件。结果:要获得相同的提取率,超声法效率更高,其最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度75%,超声提取时间20min,固液比1∶10,超声提取温度25℃,提取率为0.325%。结论:与连续回流法比较,采用超声法提取黄芪总黄酮具有快速、节省溶剂、提取的有效成分含量高等优点。     

分心木中总黄酮的提取工艺考察

目的：考察分心木中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法：利用超声波法对分心木中总黄酮的提取工艺进行研究,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验法,确立最佳提取条件,考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、液料比和提取时间对提取物中分心木总黄酮含量的影响。结果：超声波法辅助提取分心木中总黄酮的最适工艺参数是浸提剂乙醇浓度为50％,提取温度为50℃,液料比为20：1．提取时间为30min,总黄酮含量可达4．745％。结论：超声法对分心木总黄酮的提取简单易行,产率较好。     

GC法测定芫荽茎叶中4种挥发性成分的含量

目的建立一种芫荽茎叶中芳樟醇、癸醛、正癸醇和十一醛的GC含量测定方法。方法以挥发油提取器蒸馏制备供试液;HP-5MSI毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm),以氮气为载气,FID检测器,采用程序升温,内标法测定(柠檬烯为内标物)含量。结果芳樟醇、癸醛、正癸醇和十一醛进样质量浓度分别在31.5～315.0 mg.L-1(r=0.999 6)、269.0～2 690.0 mg.L-1(r=0.999 7)、95.3～953.0 mg.L-1(r=0.999 6)、58.1～581.0 mg.L-1(r=0.999 7)内呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为102.0(RSD=1.5%)、102.0(RSD=0.6%)、101.9(RSD=1.1%)、102.6(RSD=0.9%)。结论所建立的方法可用于芫荽茎叶中4种挥发性成分含量测定。     

Effects of polymerization variables on PLGA properties: molecular weight, composition and chain structure

In order to study the influence of the variables which control the properties of polylactic-glycolic acid two experiments were conducted according to appropriate experimental designs. The responses studied were yield, weight average molecular weight (GPC), relative proportion of lactic and glycolic acids in the polymer (¹H-NMR) and the ratio of lactic-glycolic to glycolic-glycolic units (¹³C-NMR). The variables included in the first study were the relative proportion of lactide and glycolide in the mixture and the concentrations of lauryl alcohol and stannous octoate; the results showed a statistically significant influence of the relative proportions of lactide and glycolide in the mixture and the concentration of lauryl alcohol on the lactic/glycolic proportion in the polymer. The second study involved time, temperature and lauryl alcohol concentration as variables. The findings showed a statistically significant negative effect of temperature on weight average molecular weight and of temperature, time and time-temperature interaction on yield. Ratios between lactic-glycolic and glycolic-glycolic units ranged from 1:1 to 1:4. None of the variables studied had any effect on this characteristic.     

Pharmacological Activity of Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.): Assessment by Inhibition of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Chemiluminescence In-vitro

The bioactivity of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) leaf extracts has been analysed, by use of a human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) bioassay, to assess the relative contributions of solvent extraction and parthenolide content to the biological potency of the extract. Extracts prepared in acetone-ethanol (system 1) contained significantly more parthenolide (mean ± s.d. 1.3 ± 0.2% dry leaf weight) than extracts in chloroform–PBS (phosphate-buffered saline; system 2; 0.1 ± 0.04% dry leaf weight) or PBS alone (system 3; 0.5 ± 0.1% dry leaf weight). Extract bioactivity, measured as inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced, 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione (luminol)-enhanced PMNL chemiluminescence, followed a similar trend. Extracts inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced oxidative burst by amounts which, if solely attributable to parthenolide, indicated parthenolide concentrations for the respective solvent systems of 2.2 ± 0.6%, 0.2 ± 0.1% and 0.9 ± 0.1% dry leaf weight. The mean ratio of parthenolide concentration to the parthenolide equivalent/PMNl-bioactivity value, for acetone–ethanol and PBS extracts were both 1:1.7. Parthenolide, although a key determinant of biological activity for T. parthenium leaf extracts based on the PMNl-bioassay, seems not to be the sole pharmacologically-active constituent. The identical and elevated bioactivity-parthenolide ratios for both organic and aqueous-phase leaf extracts suggest that a proportion of the other bioactive compounds have solubilities similar to that of parthenolide.     

Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the leaf essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eugenia zuchowskiae</Emphasis> from Monteverde,Costa Rica

The leaf essential oil of Eugenia zuchowskiae from Monteverde, Costa Rica, has been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC–MS. The principal constituents of E. zuchowskiae leaf oil were α-pinene (28.3%), β-caryophyllene (13.2%), α-humulene (13.1%), and α-copaene (8.1%). The leaf essential oil of E. zuchowskiae showed pronounced in-vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and UACC-257 human tumor cell lines. The major components showed cytotoxic activities comparable to doxorubicin (LC₅₀ 14–70 μg/ml).     

Quantification of the leaching of triethyl citrate/polysorbate 80 mixtures from Eudragit RS films by differential scanning calorimetry.

The influence of triethyl citrate and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) on the glass transition temperature (T(G)) of Eudragit RS membranes was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The T(G)-decreasing effect of TEC and Tween 80 displayed an almost identical performance in extent at a linear relationship between weight proportion and T(G) resulting in a specific T(G)-decrease (T(G,spec.)) of -1.98(K/%TEC) and -1.86(K/%Tween), respectively. Thus, the proportion of each adjuvant could be summarized as the plasticizer complex weight proportion (PC) with T(G,spec.)=1.96(K/%PC). Vice versa this linear relationship could be used to determine the proportion of plasticizer complex within the polymer membrane after swelling and diffusion processes, i.e. plasticizer leaching. For membranes containing 20% (w/w) TEC and 8% (w/w) Tween 80 as plasticizer complex a fast leaching resulted during the dissolution test reaching an equilibrium at 6.08% (+/-0.5) PC after 30 min in demineralised water. The DSC method proved to be a simple method to determine plasticizer leaching via T(G), however, without respect on the film forming properties of the two different excipients. Plasticizing with TEC or TEC/Tween 80 mixtures led to smooth and continuous films, while plasticizing with Tween 80 only resulted in mosaic like fissured films.     

SLE患者抗ENA抗体及抗DNA抗体的检测分析

为探讨系统性红斑狼疮 ( SLE)患者血清中抗 ENA抗体与抗 DNA抗体的关系及意义 ,对 88例 SL E患者分别测定血清中抗 ss-DNA抗体、抗 ds-DNA抗体及 7种抗 ENA抗体。结果显示 ,88例 SLE患者中有 65例 ( 73 .5 % )检测到至少一种抗 ENA抗体 ,以抗 Sm、抗 U1 RNP和抗 SSA为主 ,分别占 45 .5 %、5 2 .3 %及 40 .9% ,其次为抗 SSB及抗 Rib,分别占 2 5 .0 %及 15 .9%。 88例SLE患者的 7种自身抗体与抗 ds-DNA抗体总的阳性符合率为 75 .2 % ,与抗 ss-DNA抗体总的阳性符合率为 60 .2 %。因此 ,抗 ENA抗体与抗 DNA抗体同时检测有助于提高 SLE的诊断阳性率。     

Arsenic species and leaching characters in tea (Camellia sinensis)

Tea is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages consumed in the world. Arsenic including species totalling to 47 Chinese tea samples from 18 tea-producing provinces in China were analyzed. By simulating the infusion process, leaching characters, effects of extraction time and temperature on arsenic extraction were investigated. Total amount of arsenic in tea leaf samples was in the range below the detection limit to 4.81 μg/g. Leaching of arsenic was strongly affected by extraction time and temperature. Because arsenic leaching ability by hot water was low and most of the arsenic was left in tea leaf residues after infusion, the concentration of arsenic in tea infusion was low even when some original tea leaf samples contained high level of arsenic. The major species in tea infusion were inorganic arsenic form (arsenite As^III and arsenate As^V). Compared with the amount of arsenic in infusion, more organic arsenic species were found in the original tea leaf samples. The contents of extractable inorganic arsenic in tea leaf samples were in the range below the detection limit to 226 ng/g. Considering ingestion dose and assuming one person (60 kg body weight) consumes 10 g of Chinese tea per day, the maximum inorganic arsenic contribution from tea infusion is 2.26 μg, which is equal to 0.038 μg/kg/d excluding water contribution. This value only accounts for 1.8% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) (2.1 μg/kg/d) recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization [FAO/WHO, 1989. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Thirty-third Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series No. 776, Geneva, World Health Organization].     

An outbreak of food-borne illness due to methomyl contamination

BACKGROUND: On December 26, 2002, 124 dinners took ill while eating lunch at a seafood restaurant in the town of Chiching in Kaohsiung municipality of Taiwan. Sixty-nine people were sent to the emergency departments of the Municipal Chiching Hospital and Yuan's General Hospital. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical symptoms, detailed food history, and ingested amount of each food from 59 hospitalized adult patients and identified the source of the outbreak. RESULTS: The median latency period from beginning eating to first symptoms was 5 min. Twenty-six symptoms and signs were recorded. The most commonly reported clinical effects were general weakness (84%), ataxia (82%), dizziness (82%), vomiting (80%), sweating (75%), floating sensation (71%), headache (69%), dyspnea (69%), and blurred vision (67%). Thirty-one patients had residual symptoms 7 days after ingestion. Of the six residual symptoms reported, the most frequent ones were dizziness (40%), poor appetite and dry mouth (11%), and gastrointestinal disturbance (11%). The presence of residual symptoms correlated with the severity of the initial complaints (p < 0.01). Almost all patients ate cooked rice (93%) and leaf vegetable stir-fried with crab claw (93%). The amount of each food eaten by the patients was not associated with the severity of symptoms (p > 0.05). High levels of methomyl in leaf vegetables of "leaf vegetables stir-fried with crab claws" (380 ppm) and fried mussels (1113 ppm) were found by the Food Inspection Center at the Department of Health. The food history and chemical analysis of the poison indicated methomyl was the cause of this outbreak. Twenty-four patients recovered completely within 7 days. CONCLUSION: Food-related methomyl intoxication produced a rapid onset of significant clinical toxicity in 124 individuals. Based on the analysis of 55 adult patients, the most common effects were gait ataxia, dizziness, generalized weakness, and vomiting.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定四季青中三萜及其皂苷的含量

目的建立同时测定四季青中3种三萜及其皂苷——长梗冬青苷、地榆皂苷I和救必应酸含量的HPLC分析方法。方法C₁₈柱；流动相：甲醇-水（59∶41）；流速1.0 mL·min^-1；检测器：Sedex 55蒸发光散射检测器。结果线性范围为长梗冬青苷2.56～25.60　μg（r=0.999.2），地榆皂苷I 1.64～16.40μg（r=0.998　2）和救必应酸3.74～37.40　μg（r=0.999.4）。平均加样回收率为长梗冬青苷96.3%, RSD　1.6%　(n=5); 地榆皂苷I 97.3%, RSD　3.8% (n=5)；救必应酸97.7%, RSD2.1%　(n=5)。3个化合物的精密度RSD　(n=6)均<4%; 重现性RSD　(n=6)均<5%。结论本方法简便、有效、可行，可用于四季青三萜及其皂苷的含量测定。     

Effect of Cleome arabica Leaf Extract on Rat Paw Edema and Human Neutrophil Migration

The anti-inflammatory activity of Cleome arabica leaf extract was studied in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, the extract was examined for its anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema as a model of acute inflammation. A subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of carrageenan 1% induced a progressive swelling of the rat paw in all time points, that reached a maximal volume in placebo group within 5 h. Results showed that pre-treatment of rats by Cleome arabica leaf extract, 1 h prior the injection of the phlogogenic agent, prevented the increase of the edema in dose-dependent manner with an ED 50 of 231 mg/kg, body weight. The extract doses 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, reduced edema to 65.54 ± 5.2%, 57.86 ± 8%, and 41.54 ± 3.6%, respectively, 5 h after the carrageenan injection. Secondly, we have examined the effect of Cleome arabica leaf extract on human neutrophil migration induced by fMLP (10 -7 M), using 48-well chemotaxis chamber. Results showed that the extract inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis significantly (p &lt; 0.01) and in a dose-dependent manner. Neutrophil migration was reduced to 16.71 ± 4.6% in presence of 50µg/ml of Cleome arabica leaf extract. It appears that the antiinflammatory activity of Cleome arabica leaf extract, observed in vivo as well as in vitro, could be due to its high flavonoid content (19%). These results may contribute to explain the use of this plant in folk medicine.