保留瓣下结构的二尖瓣替换术67例报告

目的 :评价保留瓣下结构的二尖瓣替换术的临床效果。方法 :回顾分析自 1991年 3月至 2 0 0 2年 6月应用此法的 6 7例手术病人。全组男 30例 ,女 37例。年龄 39 4 8± 11 95岁 (16～ 6 4岁 )。二尖瓣病变为 :二尖瓣关闭不全 (MI) 16例 ,二尖瓣狭窄 (MS) 15例及MI +S 35例。手术全部在低温体外循环下进行。保留全瓣膜和瓣下结构 4例 ,保留部分瓣膜和瓣下结构 6 3例。结果 :全组无手术死亡。并发症 :低心排 3例 ,心律紊乱 6例 ,肾功能衰竭 1例 ,2次止血 1例。随访 3个月至 3年。 1例术后 3年死于感染性心内膜炎。结论 :保留瓣下结构的二尖瓣替换手术对心功能的恢复是安全有效的。     

浅低温心跳动中保留瓣膜结构的二尖瓣替换术

本报告在浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳中保留后瓣及瓣下结构二尖瓣替换术１６例，术中鼻咽温度维持在３０￣３２℃，不阻断升主动脉，心肌得到氧合血的持续灌注，在心脏空虚，缓慢跳动中保留后瓣或全膜结构替换二尖瓣。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全先在心脏冷停跳中替换主动脉瓣，然后在心脏跳动中替换二尖瓣。术中１例因主动脉根部出血死亡，其余病人术后病情平稳，多巴胺用量少，无低心排出量综合征及严重心律失常，气栓栓塞等严重并发症     

升主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全外科治疗(附五例报告)

目的 :总结升主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 5例的外科治疗经验。方法 :5例升主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全患者中 ,2例行主动脉根部替换手术 ( Bentall手术 ) ,1例患者因主动脉瓣换瓣术后半年突发 De Bakey 型夹层动脉瘤 ,行单纯升主动脉人工血管替换术 ;2例主动脉瓣关闭不全合并 De Bakey 型夹层动脉瘤和升主动脉真性动脉瘤 (大动脉炎 ) ,患者主动脉根部基本正常 ,单纯行升主动脉替换和主动脉瓣替换。患者术前心功能 级 3例 , 级 1例 , 级 1例。动脉瘤直径 3.8～ 8.2 cm,平均 ( 6.0± 2 .2 ) cm。结果 :术后无早期死亡病例 ,经 3～ 38个月 (平均 1 8个月 )的随访观察 ,5例患者术后恢复顺利 ,其中 4例术后心功能恢复至 级 ,1例恢复至 级 ;5例患者术后首次复查超声心动图示 :人工瓣膜功能良好 ,人工血管通畅 ,人工瓣膜和人工血管未发现瓣周漏、血栓等异常情况 ;1例大动脉炎患者术后 5个月再次来院复查 ,出现瓣周漏 ,采取保守治疗。结论 :主动脉根部替换手术是治疗升主动脉瘤合并主动脉瓣关闭不全最安全、有效的首选方法     

老年性退行性主动脉瓣的外科治疗

目的探索总结老年性退行性主动脉瓣替换术的经验。方法31例老年性退行性主动脉瓣患者，其中主动脉瓣狭窄21例、主动脉关闭不全2例、主动脉瓣合并二尖瓣3例、主动脉瓣合并冠状动脉硬化5例。术中主动脉表面超声扫描，主动脉钙化5例。升主动脉采用球囊阻断、手术方法有单纯瓣膜替换、瓣膜替换加冠状动脉旁路术。结果1例因升主动脉严重钙化，叩之似“水泥管道”，考虑升主动脉切开后难于关闭而放弃手术。其余病例手术顺利，无脑及外周器官栓塞并发症。1例应用双侧乳内动脉行旁路术者，术后12 d发生胸骨裂开，全麻下行Rob iscek胸骨固定术，3周后恢复出院。结论术中升主动脉表面超声扫描是一种可靠简便的判断升主动脉硬化的方法。手术时尽量减少升主动脉操作，升主动脉球囊阻断是一种简单可靠的方法。     

小儿人造心脏瓣膜替换术(附10例报告)

人造心脏瓣膜替换术是在体外循环下以人造瓣膜替换病变的心脏瓣膜,从而恢复瓣膜的正常功能,纠治病变瓣膜引致的病理生理改变。我院自1975年以来施行10例小儿人造心脏瓣膜替换术,现报告如下: 临床资料一、一般资料10例中女6例、男4例。年龄自7～14岁。7例患风湿性二尖瓣狭窄及关闭不全,2例患先天性二尖瓣关闭不全,1例患先天性室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣关闭不全。     

3D胸腔镜技术在二尖瓣手术中的应用

目的总结同期3D胸腔镜下二尖瓣手术和常规开胸二尖瓣手术的临床经验,探讨3D胸腔镜在二尖瓣手术中的应用。方法对比分析郑州市第七人民医院心脏外科2014年1月至2016年12月期间所有接受3D胸腔镜技术治疗(n=35)和常规开胸手术治疗(n=127)的二尖瓣病变患者临床资料,35例3D胸腔镜患者中男12例、女23例,年龄12~54(21.2±19.5)岁;体重32.2~76.5(40.3±16.4)kg。其中二尖瓣狭窄13例,二尖瓣关闭不全7例,二尖瓣狭窄并关闭不全15例,术前心功能Ⅱ级21例,Ⅲ级14例。均采用胸壁3孔入路,建立外周体外循环,阻断升主动脉,顺灌冷心脏停搏液行心肌保护完成手术。常规组患者总计127例,男53例、女74例,年龄32~66(47.2±14.6)岁,体重36.2~80.7(65.3±17.9)kg。其中二尖瓣狭窄42例,二尖瓣关闭不全23例,二尖瓣狭窄并关闭不全62例,术前心功能Ⅱ级73例,Ⅲ级54例。均采用正中开胸建立体外循环,阻断升主动脉,顺灌冷心脏停搏液行心肌保护完成手术。结果 35例患者术后早期无死亡(30天内),手术并发症2.9%(1/35)。对比常规组体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、手术操作时间、体外循环预充量、术后呼吸机辅助时间、并发症发生率、病死率没有明显差异(P0.05),术后ICU滞留时间、围术期引流量、红细胞输注率、住院时间有明显差异(P0.05)。存活患者术后随访6~38(10.5±12.7)个月,无明显瓣膜返流及瓣膜功能障碍,心功能I~Ⅱ级。结论 3D胸腔镜技术在二尖瓣手术微创外科治疗中安全可靠,对机体创伤小、恢复快,美容效果好,临床前景广阔。     

MVR术中保留后瓣及瓣下结构对风湿性心脏瓣膜病二尖瓣狭窄患者左室功能及血清NT-proBNP表达的影响

目的:观察二尖瓣置换(MVR)术中保留后瓣及瓣下结构对风湿性心脏瓣膜病二尖瓣狭窄患者左室功能及血清N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)表达的影响。方法:选取63例风湿性心脏瓣膜病二尖瓣狭窄患者作为研究对象,按照MVR术中是否保留后瓣及瓣下结构将其分为观察组34例和对照组29例,观察组术中保留后瓣及瓣下结构,对照组术中不保留后瓣及瓣下结构,比较两组手术情况(体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、合并手术类型、术后住院时间)、手术前后左心室功能[左室舒张末期容积(LEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LESV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、血清NT-proBNP水平]及并发症发生情况。结果:术后观察组LEDV、LESV明显小于对照组,LVEF明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 d、5 d、7 d,观察组的血清NT-proBNP水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:MVR术中保留后瓣及瓣下结构更有利于提高风湿性心脏瓣膜病二尖瓣狭窄患者的左室功能和降低血清NT-proBNP水平。     

再次心脏手术二尖瓣替换术77例临床分析

目的：报告再次心脏手术二尖瓣替换术77例的治疗经验。方法：77例中二尖瓣闭式扩张术后再狭窄56例，生物瓣替换术后瓣膜毁损15例，机械瓣替换术后瓣膜功能障碍4例，部分房室管畸形术后二尖瓣关闭不全1例，房间隔缺损术后风湿性二尖瓣病变1例。55例在体外循环心脏停搏下手术，22例在浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下进行手术。结果：手术早期死亡4例（死亡率5．2％）。晚期死亡2例。随访存活病人心功能明显改善。结论：病人术前心功能是导致再次手术二尖瓣替换术后并发症和死亡率的重要因素，心脏跳动下进行手术可简化手术过程，改善心肌保护，减少并发症的发生。     

保留后瓣及其瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者的影响

目的:探讨保留后瓣及其瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者的影响情况。方法:分析我院2016年2月—2018年3月收治的风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者115例临床资料,依据随机纸片法进行分组,对照组(术中未保留后瓣和瓣下结构)45例和观察组(术中保留后瓣和瓣下结构)70例,观察两组风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者体外循环时间、ICU滞留时间、呼吸机辅助时间、主动脉阻断时间、住院时间情况,观察两组患者手术前、手术后1个月左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)及左室射血分数(LVEF)情况。结果:观察组风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者ICU滞留时间、呼吸机辅助时间、住院时间均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间比较,手术前LVEDD、LVFS及LVEF比较,对照组患者手术后1个月和同组手术前的LVEF比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组患者手术后1个月LVEF高于同组手术前。手术后1个月两组患者LVEDD、LVFS均高于同组手术前,观察组患者手术后1个月LVEDD低于对照组,LVFS、LVEF高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:保留后瓣及其瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄,可以明显缩短患者ICU滞留时间、呼吸机辅助时间和住院时间,改善心功能水平,值得临床推广应用。     

保留二尖瓣后瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术对左室构型及功能的影响

目的 评价保留二尖瓣后瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术对左室构型及功能的影响.方法 选择因慢性风湿性心瓣膜病而行二尖瓣置换术(MVR)者79例,其中保留二尖瓣后瓣下结构组(MVRP)40例,不保留二尖瓣后瓣下结构组(MVRNP)39例,再根据病因不同分为二尖瓣狭窄(MS)组29例(MVRP 14例,MVRNP 15例),二尖瓣关闭不全(MI)组27例(MVRP 15例,MVRNP 12例)和双瓣置换术(DVR)组23例(MVRP 11例,MVRNP 12例).分别于术前、术后7 d和3月三维超声测量左房面积(LAA)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、左室舒张期末容积(LVEDV)及收缩期末容积(LVESV),并计算左室射血分数(LVEF).结果 术后3月,MVRP组MI及DVR患者FS、LVESV、LVEF、LAA及LVEDV优于MVRNP组(P＜0.05);两组MS患者差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05); MVRP组左室构型呈椭圆形,MVRNP组呈偏心形或圆形.结论 与不保留二尖瓣后瓣下结构的MVR术比较,保留二尖瓣后瓣瓣下结构的MVR术对于MI、DVR患者更有利于改善左室构型及左室功能.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.