脑膜瘤组织VEGF／VPF、KDR的表达及意义

目的研究脑膜瘤血管生成及瘤周脑水肿与VEGF/VPF及其受体KDR的关系。方法采用Northern印迹分子杂交和免疫组化技术检测47例脑膜瘤组织VEGF/VPFmRNA、VEGF/VPF和KDR蛋白表达,分析其与微血管密度(MVD)和瘤周脑水肿度DPTBE的关系。结果47例脑膜瘤均表达4.2Kb的VEGF/VPFmRNA片段,VEGF/VPF蛋白表达与其mRNA的表达一致,80.9%的肿瘤KDR蛋白表达阳性,VEGF/VPF和KDR分别定位于脑膜瘤瘤细胞和血管内皮细胞胞浆。VEGF/VPFmRNA表达与脑膜瘤MVD和DPTBE呈正相关r=0.67,P<0.01r=0.54,P<0.01;KDR阳性组脑膜瘤VEGF/VPFmRNA表达水平、MVD、DPTBE均显著高于KDR阴性组(P<0.01)。结论脑膜瘤细胞可产生VEGF/VPF,通过KDR介导促肿瘤血管生成和增加血管通透性,在脑膜瘤瘤周脑水肿的发生发展过程中起重要作用。     

VEGF及PCNA与脑膜瘤瘤周脑水肿的相关性研究

目的 探讨VEGF及PCNA在脑膜瘤中的表达及其与瘤周脑水肿（PTBE）的关系。方法 采用免疫组化技术检测VEGF、PCNA在41例脑膜瘤中的表达,应用术前CT及MRI检查确定PTBE程度。结果 VEGF免疫组化阳性百分率的高低与PTBE程度密切相关,且与PCNA的表达呈高度正相关。结论 VEGF在脑膜瘤PTBE的形成及肿瘤细胞增殖中起重要作用。     

胶质瘤VEGF基因表达与血管生成和脑水肿的关系

目的　探讨胶质瘤血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)基因表达与血管生成和脑水肿的关系。方法　采用Northernblot和ABC免疫组化方法检测34例人脑胶质瘤和8例正常脑组织中VEGF基因表达;Ⅷ因子相关抗原单克隆抗体组织化学染色显示微血管,用微血管计数(MVC)测定肿瘤血管生成;从脑水肿与肿瘤本身的体积之比获得水肿指数(EI),估价脑水肿的程度。结果　34例脑胶质瘤和8例正常脑组织均可表达3.9Kb的VEGFmRNA片段。VEGFmRNA表达与脑胶质瘤的血管生成、瘤周脑水肿均呈显著正相关(r=0.836,P＜0.01;r=0.890,P＜0.01);高恶度胶质瘤VEGFmRNA表达、MVC、EI分别显著高于低恶度胶质瘤(P＜0.01);低恶度胶质瘤VEGFmRNA表达、MVC均显著高于正常脑组织(P＜0.05)。免疫组化染色显示,VEGF蛋白主要分布在高恶度胶质瘤组织的瘤细胞和内皮细胞,低恶度胶质瘤呈低水平表达。结论　VEGF可能通过参与胶质瘤血管生成和脑水肿发生,对胶质瘤的恶性演进起促进作用。     

血管内皮生长因子与脑膜瘤血管形成及细胞增殖活性的关系

目的研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在不同级别脑膜瘤中的表达,及其表达强度与肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)和细胞增殖活性的关系。方法选取脑膜瘤石蜡标本40例,分为WHOI~Ⅲ级3组。采用免疫组化法检测VEGF、第八因子相关抗原(FⅧRAg)、Ki-67核抗原。结果VEGF、MVD值、Ki-67表达随脑膜瘤分级升高而增加。在WHOⅠ级各组织类型中,VEGF在内皮细胞型脑膜瘤中表达最高,其次为过渡型脑膜瘤及纤维细胞型脑膜瘤,三者差异有统计学意义。相关分析结果显示:VEGF与MVD、Ki-67呈正相关。结论VEGF、MVD值、Ki-67表达强度可能是鉴别良恶性脑膜瘤、判断脑膜瘤生物学行为的良好指标,是难治性、复发性脑膜瘤治疗的新靶点。     

人脑膜瘤IGF-1表达及其意义

目的探讨人脑膜瘤组织中胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）的表达及其意义。方法收集人脑膜瘤标本110例,其中WHOⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ级分别为70、22和18例;另收集正常脑膜标本12例作为对照组。采用免疫组化染色法分析IGF-1、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和第Ⅷ因子相关抗原（FⅧ-RAg）表达情况。结果脑膜瘤组织中IGF-1、PCNA、FⅧ-RAg表达水平较正常硬脑膜组织明显增高（P〈0.05）;随着脑膜瘤WHO级别增高,IGF-1、PCNA、FⅧ-RAg表达水平亦明显增高（P〈0.05）。同一级别脑膜瘤组织中,IGF-1、PCNA、FⅧ-RAg两两之间均呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论人脑膜瘤组织中IGF-1的表达强弱与脑膜瘤血管生成、细胞增殖活性有关。     

核因子-κB在脑膜瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨核因子- κB(NF -κB)在脑膜瘤的表达及与脑膜瘤组织钙化、坏死及瘤周水肿的相关性。方法:采用免疫组化SP法测定5 0例脑膜瘤组织、10例正常硬脑膜组织中NF- κBp65、表皮生长因子(EGF)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的表达水平。结果:正常硬脑膜组织中NF -κBp65无表达,脑膜瘤组织中NF -κBp65有不同程度的表达,两者之间的差异存在显著性(P <0 .0 0 5 )。各型脑膜瘤之间NF κB的表达差异具有显著性(P <0 .0 0 5 )。NF -κBp65、EGF、EGFR在脑膜瘤组织中和正常硬脑膜组织中的表达差异均存在显著性(P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,NF- κBp65与EGF的表达具有相关性(r=0 .45 2 4,P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,与EGFR的表达无相关性(r =-0 .2 5 0 6,P >0 .0 5 )。NF- κB与脑膜瘤坏死(r=-0 .2 7,P >0 .0 5 )、钙化(r=-0 .0 45 ,P >0 .0 5 )、瘤周水肿(r =-0 .0 43 ,P >0 .0 5 )无相关性。EGF与脑膜瘤瘤周脑水肿也无相关性(P >0 .0 5 )。结论:NF -κB在脑膜瘤组织中存在过度表达,可能与脑膜瘤的发生、增殖及对放疗、化疗不敏感有关。NF -κB在脑膜瘤组织中的表达程度与脑膜瘤坏死、钙化、瘤周水肿无相关性(P >0 .0 5 )。EGF与脑膜瘤瘤周脑水肿也无相关性。对NF -κB在脑膜瘤的进一步深入研究,可能获得一条药物治疗脑膜瘤的有效途径。     

血管内皮生长因子与脑膜瘤的瘤周脑水肿

目的探讨血竹内皮生长因子(Vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)是否参与脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的病理过程。方法20例脑膜瘤,术前头颅磁共振(MRI)检查,计算出水肿指数,脑膜瘤标本行病理分型,采用逆转录多聚酶链反应(Rt-PCR)检测肿瘤中VEGF的表达,分析瘤周脑水肿、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤病理类型等因素与肿瘤VEGF表达的相关性。结果脑膜瘤VEGF的表达仅与肿瘤瘤周脑水肿程度呈正相关。结论VEGF可能是脑膜瘤瘤周脑水肿的一个重要因素。     

人脑胶质瘤中血管内皮生长因子表达与胶质瘤微血管数及肿瘤增殖活性关系的研究

目的　研究血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)表达与胶质瘤微血管数、肿瘤增殖活性及其与胶质瘤恶性程度的相关性。方法　应用免疫组化方法检测 5 0例胶质瘤、8例正常脑组织中VEGF、血小板内皮细胞粘附分子 (CD3 1)和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)的表达 ,测定其阳性细胞数和阳性血管数。结果　胶质瘤中均有VEGF、CD3 1及PCNA表达。其表达水平与肿瘤恶性程度呈显著正相关 ,其r分别为 0 .745 ,0 .765及 0 .685。结论　VEGF、CD3 1和PCNA在胶质瘤中的高表达是胶质瘤恶性表型之一 ,可作为病理诊断的补充。     

人脑膜瘤VEGF的表达和微血管检测及临床意义

目的探讨人脑膜瘤血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的表达和微血管数量(MVQ)与肿瘤良恶性程度的关系。方法用免疫组织化学染色方法检测手术切除石蜡包埋的36例脑膜瘤(良性27例,恶性9例)组织中的VEGF蛋白表达情况与MVQ数量,显微镜下观察其阳性细胞数和阳性血管数。结果①良、恶性脑膜瘤组织中均有VEGF和MVQ表达,且主要表达于肿瘤细胞的胞浆和血管内皮细胞胞膜中;良、恶性脑膜瘤VEGF表达的阳性率分别为77.8%、100%,有显著性差异(P<0.05);VEGF表达阳性的MVQ平均值(47.6±8.5)高于阴性组(24.3±7.9),差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。②VEGF的表达与MVQ值相关(r =0.75,P <0.01)。结论VEGF在脑膜瘤血管生成中起重要作用,能促进脑膜瘤血管的形成;VEGF和MVQ与脑膜瘤良、恶性程度明显相关,可作为脑膜瘤病理诊断的补充指标之一,并为脑膜瘤的基因治疗提供依据。     

脑膜瘤组织中EGFR、PCNA表达及其意义

目的 探讨表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)表达与脑膜瘤增殖活性的关系。方法 采用LSAB免疫组化方法检测39例脑膜瘤中EGFR、增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)的表达。结果 脑膜瘤中EGFR表达阳性率为92.3%(36/39)，不同级别脑膜瘤中EGFR表达强度的差异有显著性（P＜0.01)。PCNA标记指数（PCNA labeling index,PCNA LI)与脑膜瘤的病理分级有明显相关（P＜0.01)。EGFR与PCNA表达呈显著正相关（P＜0.01)。结论 EGFR可能在某些脑膜瘤的恶性发展中起重要作用。     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.