关节镜下同种异体骨-髌腱-骨双束重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床比较研究

目的探讨关节镜下同种异体骨-髌腱-骨（bone-patellar tendon-bone,BPTB）移植物双束重建膝关节前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament,ACL）的中期临床效果。方法 2003年7月～2007年7月,61例ACL断裂患者接受关节镜下BPTB重建ACL手术,按术式和移植物分为3组：异体BPTB双束组（20例）,异体BPTB单束组（21例）,自体BPTB单束组（20例）。3组平均随访时间分别为（41.6±3.0）、（42.3±3.9）、（42.5±2.7）月。通过膝关节查体、IKDC2000主观评分、Lysholm评分、Tegner评分、膝前痛、常规KT-2000、后推KT-2000及Biodex等速肌力测试系统评估手术效果。结果 3组间的IKDC2000、Lysholm、Tegner评分、大腿围度差值、肌力和常规KT-2000等指标差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。异体双束组的Pivotshift阳性发生率（5%,1/20）是异体单束组的1/6（29%,6/21）,自体单束组的1/4（20%,4/20）。异体双束组的后推KT-200030°位前移度（中位数15磅0.5 mm,20磅0.5 mm,30磅0.9 mm）明显低于其他两组（P〈0.05）。异体双束组（15%,3/20）和异体单束组（10%,2/21）的膝前痛发生率明显低于自体单束组（75%,15/20）（χ2=24.201,P=0.000）。结论同种异体BPTB双束重建ACL能够更好地恢复膝关节整体前向及旋转稳定性,减少并发症,可以作为髁间窝较宽的患者ACL初次解剖重建的理想手术方法。     

关节镜下自体骨-髌腱-骨重建前交叉韧带疗效分析

目的探讨自体骨-髌腱-骨（BPTB）在前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤移植重建的临床疗效。方法256例ACL断裂患者行自体BPTB重建,对获得随访患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分法和IKDC评分法评定膝关节功能恢复情况。结果193例获得随访,时间632（17±3）个月,患者膝不稳症状均消失,关节功能恢复良好。Lysholm膝评分平均积分由术前的（66.3±6.1）分提高到术后的（88.3±5.9）分,IKDC评分由术前的79%降低为术后的4%,P〈0.01。16例术后合并膝前疼痛,51例长期感觉伸膝乏力,2例膝关节松弛。结论BPTB重建ACL临床疗效满意,但仍有膝前疼痛和伸膝乏力的并发症。     

关节镜下骨-髌腱-骨移植重建前十字韧带

目的关节镜下以可吸收界面螺钉固定骨-髌腱-骨(bone-patellartendon-bone,BPB)重建膝前十字韧带(ACL),并分析影响疗效的因素。方法1999年12月～2003年6月,采用关节镜下可吸收界面螺钉固定BPB移植修复ACL损伤32例,男22例,女10例;年龄20～45岁,平均32.5岁;左膝18例,右膝14例。急性损伤8例,陈旧性损伤24例。术前膝关节功能Lysholm评分平均为(52.1±5.6)分。行膝前小切口切取BPB并修整,建立骨隧道,安放胫骨侧骨块时外旋90°以适应ACL前内和后外两束的解剖结构和生理功能,采用可吸收界面螺钉固定BPB两端骨块。同时,在关节镜下处理合并损伤。术后早期行CPM功能锻炼。结果32例患者均获随访,随访6～40个月,平均32个月。采用改良Lysholm评分标准评价疗效:优24例,良7例,可1例;术后膝关节功能Lysholm评分为(98.7±3.6)分,与术前相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下可吸收界面螺钉固定BPB移植重建ACL是一种微创手术,操作简单,疗效肯定。     

自体与异体骨-髌腱-骨重建前交叉韧带临床疗效的比较

目的 比较自体与异体骨．髌腱-骨（B—PT-B）重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2002年2月至2006年1月采用B-PT-B术式重建ACL的患者187例,其中有完整随访资料共142例,其中男性93例,女性49例,年龄15～57岁（平均26岁）。按照异体和自体B—PT-B重建进行分组,其中自体组38例,异体组104例。术后随访时行X线和KT-1000检查,并按照IKDC、Lysholm、Irgang、Larson评分进行疗效评价。并采用分项评分对疼痛、肿胀和膝关节松弛度进行评估。结果142例患者随访时间6—43个月,平均24个月,所有患者随访时移植物位置良好,KT-1000检查双侧膝关节前向松弛度差值〈3mm。异体组：IKDC评分活动水平正常85例（81．7％）,Lysholm评分（82．8±8．5）分,Irgang（79．2±7．3）分,Larson（86．7±3．1）分。自体组：IKDC评分活动水平正常29例（76．3％）,Lysholm评分（84．6±9．5）分,Irgang（79．5±7．6）分,Larson（88．9±6．8）分。以上综合评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。分项评分中,疼痛评分：异体组（21．4±3．6）分,自体组（16．3±5．2）分（P=0．012）。肿胀评分：异体组（6．7±3．3）分,自体组（10．0±0．0）分（P=0．011）。关节稳定性评分：异体组（14．7±5．1）分,自体组（16．0±6．8）分（P=0．212）。结论 自体与异体B-PT-B重建ACL术后均可取得良好临床疗效。异体重建的总体临床效果接近自体重建,近期疗效预示其前景良好。     

关节镜下同种异体骨-前交叉韧带-骨移植重建前交叉韧带的疗效分析

目的前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)是膝关节重要的稳定结构,探讨关节镜下应用深低温冻存同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植重建ACL的方法及疗效。方法 2007年10月-2010年2月,对22例ACL损伤患者于关节镜下采用深低温冻存的同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植重建ACL。男15例,女7例;年龄19～55岁,平均27.6岁。损伤原因:运动伤12例,摔伤1例,重物压伤2例,交通事故伤7例。左膝14例,右膝8例。病程7 d～12个月,中位病程65 d。前抽屉试验阳性19例,轴移试验阳性19例,Lachman试验阳性21例。术前根据国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)分级评定标准,异常5例,严重异常17例;IKDC主观评分为(49.6±6.9)分,Lysholm评分为(48.5±5.3)分,Tegner膝关节运动功能评分受伤前为(6.8±1.2)分,受伤后术前为(2.1±0.5)分。20例行MRI检查,其中18例提示ACL损伤。结果手术时间65～85 min,平均75 min;出血量80～150 mL,平均110 mL。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,均无免疫排斥反应及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。患者术后均获随访,随访时间7～34个月,平均18个月。末次随访时无伸膝受限;屈膝活动度为125～135°,平均130.5°。前抽屉试验阳性2例,轴移试验阳性1例,Lachman试验阳性3例。根据IKDC分级评定标准:正常10例,接近正常11例,异常1例;IKDC主观评分为(90.0±5.8)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.653,P=0.021)。Lysholm评分为(91.6±7.1)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.231,P=0.028)。Tegner评分为(6.1±1.5)分,与受伤前比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.321,P=0.070),与受伤后术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.815,P=0.033)。术后6个月19例关节镜复查示无移植韧带断裂,17例移植物张力正常,2例稍松弛。结论关节镜下应用深低温冻存的同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植重建ACL,可达到ACL解剖重建,术后膝关节功能恢复良好。     

关节镜下骨-髌腱-骨移植物重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下挤压螺钉固定骨-髌腱-骨(BPB)移植重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效。方法2003年4月～2004年7月,关节镜下界面螺钉固定BPB移植重建ACL41例。术中取髌韧带偏内切口,修整预张切取的BPB,建立骨隧道,界面螺钉屈膝45°固定植入BPB两端骨块,同时处理合并伤,术后早期功能锻炼。结果随访4～14个月,平均7个月。术前改良Lysholm评分(55.3±7.5)分,术后改良Lysholm评分(90.5±6.5)分,与术前相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。按改良Lysholm评分标准,优28例,良13例,优良率100%。结论关节镜下界面螺钉固定BPB移植重建ACL是一种疗效可靠的方法。     

同侧骨-髌腱-骨重建前交叉韧带17例临床报告

目的：评价骨-髌腱-骨重建前交叉韧带的治疗效果。方法：对17例前交叉韧带损伤的患者采用关节镜下同侧骨-髌腱-骨重建前交叉韧带的方法治疗,术后随访6~12个月,采用Lachman试验、Lysholm功能评分、膝关节活动范围、X线等方法评价临床效果。结果：Lysholm功能评分：优12例,良3例,可2例,Lachman试验阳性1例。膝关节活动度120°~150°,平均137°。术后半年X线检查,未见有骨隧道扩大者。结论：骨-髌腱-骨重建前交叉韧带可获得满意的疗效。     

关节镜下自体骨-髌腱-骨重建膝前交叉韧带

目的评价关节镜下用自体中1／3骨-髌腱-骨重建膝前交叉韧带的技术和效果。方法自2000年10月至2006年12月共65例经关节镜检查证实为前交叉韧带断裂,36例伴半月板撕裂,22例伴内侧副韧带损伤,7例伴后交叉韧带断裂。男45例,女20例;年龄20-45岁,平均29．13岁。左膝38例,右膝27例。急性损伤30例,陈旧性损伤35例。均于关节镜下行自体中1／3骨-髌腱-骨前交叉韧带重建术,采用Biofix生物可吸收界面螺钉解剖位固定重建韧带。同时,在关节镜下处理合并损伤。术后早期行CPM功能锻炼。结果术后早期均未发生严重并发症。所有患者获得随访,随访1～5年,平均3,8年。采用Lysholm评分标准评价膝关节功能,术前平均58．36分（45-80分）,术后平均92．77分（70～100分）。术后与术前相比差异有显著性（P〈0．0001）。65例患者中,61例恢复伤前运动水平,4例运动水平较伤前减低。结论该手术创伤小、关节内环境影响小,可同时进行关节内其他手术,术后功能恢复快,是重建膝前交叉韧带的有效方法。     

关节镜下自体髌腱重建前交叉韧带及有关问题的探讨

目的 报告关节镜下自体髌腱中１／３重建前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）,并分析影响手术效果的因素。方法 采用关节镜下自体骨－髌腱－骨（Ｂ－ＰＴ－Ｂ）中１／３重建ＡＣＬ。手术１５例,男１０例,女５例,年龄２１～４０岁,平均２６岁,术后随访５－１９个月,平均随访１３个月,术前抽屉试验１５例均阳性,术后２例阳性,轴移试验３例阳性,术后均消失,Ｌａｃｈｍａｎ试验有５例阳性,术后２例弱阳性,膝前疼痛３例,结果 按照日本     

The modified bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Bone-patellar tendon-bone graft has been an attractive option for single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in clinical practice. However, the graft-tunnel mismatch in the proximal part of the tibial tunnel and the ultimate strength after postoperative ligamentization process have been potential problems for the traditional 10-mm wide graft. We modified the traditional bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft to make it double-layer, as an ideal substitute graft for single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with better graft-tunnel match and higher initial graft strength.     

早期关节镜下同种异体骨-腱-骨重建前后交叉韧带急性损伤

目的探讨同种异体骨-腱-骨（B-PT-B）同时重建膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）、后交叉韧带（PCL）急性损伤的临床疗效。方法在关节镜下早期使用同种异体B-PT-B重建ACL、PCL急性损伤患者22例。结果22例均获随访,时间1618个月。患者屈膝范围从术前7990（85.5±4.5）°提高到术后134140（138±1.5）°,Lysholm膝关节功能评分从术前023（8.6±3.0）分提高到术后8596（92.0±3.6）分（P〈0.01）。未发现感染、移植物断裂、排异反应等。结论早期关节镜下应用同种异体B-PT-B重建ACL、PCL急性损伤,具有手术操作简便、创伤小、免疫排斥反应小、术后并发症少的优点,能最大限度恢复患者膝关节的本体感觉功能及运动功能。     

自体骨-髌韧带-骨重建后交叉韧带

目的 :评价自体骨 -髌韧带 -骨重建后交叉韧带的效果 ,为临床治疗提供借鉴。方法 :对 44例患者进行问卷调查 ,比较其术前、术后的Lysholm评分 ,疼痛、关节稳定性、跛行等的改善。结果 :共随访到 3 1例患者 ,随访率为 84%,随访时间平均为 4年。Lyshoim评分由术前 [5 9.4± 15 .9(18～ 79) ]分提高到末次随访时的 [92 .2±7.4(62～ 10 0 ) ]分。所有患者都较术前有改善 ,平均提高 [3 2 .8(2l～ 5 2 ) ]分。结论 :对年轻、活动量大、有症状的单纯后交叉韧带损伤患者及复合损伤患者应积极手术治疗。     

Cross-sectional area of a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

The cross-sectional area of the 10-mm wide patellar tendon graft was measured in 50 consecutive patients (31 males and 19 females) who underwent isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and the relationship between the graft size and various factors such as physical characteristics was assessed. The effect of cross-sectional area of the implanted graft on postoperative stability of the reconstructed knee also was examined. Mean patient age at surgery was 22.3 years (range: 14-40 years). The cross-sectional area was measured using an instrumented area micrometer intraoperatively, and correlations between the measured value and various factors such as age, gender, height, body weight, and bony geometry were examined. Follow-up was performed 24 months postoperatively. The average cross-sectional graft area was 33.4 mm2. The measured cross-sectional area was larger in male patients and correlated with physical characteristics such as height, body weight, and femoral condyle width. No significant correlation between the size of the graft and postoperative stability was observed.     

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft two-incision technique

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can be performed with a variety of techniques. Multiple graft sources for reconstruction are also available. The senior author (JRS) has used an arthroscopically assisted technique with 2 incisions that has achieved consistently good results. One incision is made over the patellar tendon, allowing harvest of the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and tibial tunnel placement and graft fixation. A second lateral incision is used for femoral tunnel placement and fixation. This method has produced predictably good results and avoids some of the potential complications of endoscopic ACL reconstruction.     

Central third bone-patellar tendon-bone arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a 4-year follow-up

This prospective study reports the 4-year follow-up results of 56 patients (44 males and 12 females) who underwent arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using a central third bone-patellar tendon-bone free autologous graft and assesses the mid-term effectiveness of this technique. Mean patient age was 30.2 years (range: 17-44 years). Sports injuries were the primary cause of ACL deficiency in 93% of patients. All knees had an isolated ACL tear, and 31 had associated meniscal or chondral lesions. Patients in the acute phase did not undergo surgery for 3-4 weeks. In patients with subacute and chronic ACL ruptures, the mean interval between injury and surgery was 62 weeks (range: 8-104 weeks). According to the International Knee Documentation Committee grading system, 53 (95%) knees were considered normal or nearly normal postoperatively. Improvement by at least 1 grade was noted in 12 knees, 30 knees had an improvement of at least 2 grades, 12 knees had a 3-grade improvement, and 1 had a grade that remained unchanged. One knee deteriorated from a grade C to a grade D, which was attributed to graft lysis 1 year postoperatively. For best results, subacute reconstruction between 3 and 5 weeks postinjury is recommended.     

Central third bone-patellar tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a 5-year follow-up.

SUMMARY: Arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the central third bone-patellar tendon-bone as a free autologous graft is now a widely used procedure. However, little has been published regarding its long-term success. In this retrospective study, we report on the results of 32 patients who were followed-up over 5 years after their reconstruction. Twenty-five patients had improved on their prereconstruction Lysholm and Tegner Activity scores and the same number denied having any symptoms of instability. The mean Lysholm knee score was 88.5. All patients had within 10 degrees of full flexion and 28 had KT-1000 arthrometer readings within 3 mm of their uninjured knee. Only 3 patients had clinical evidence of failure of the graft. We conclude that this technique compares favorably with other alternatives in the long-term treatment of ACL rupture.     

Biomechanical characteristics of the anatomic rectangular tunnel anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft

Purpose

To clarify 1) the force sharing between two portions of BTB graft in anatomic rectangular tunnel (ART) reconstruction and 2) the knee stability in ART technique under anterior tibial load.

自体骨-髌腱-骨移植早期重建前交叉韧带

1997年10月～2006年5月,我院应用自体骨一髌腱一骨移植早期重建治疗前交叉韧带（ACL）断裂患者17例,均取得了良好的治疗效果。1材料与方法 1．1病例资料本组17例,男13例,女4例,年龄20～47岁。均不合并同侧膝关节骨、半月板及后交叉韧带（PCL）损伤。左膝6例,右膝11例。手术时间为伤后3d内。