骨性强直的髋关节转换人工全髋关节置换术

目的评估人工全髋关节置换术(totalhiparthroplasty,THA)治疗髋关节骨性强直的效果。方法自1987年8月~1998年2月,36例(38髋)行转换THA,平均术前融合时间20年1个月;平均随访8年11个月。结果Harris评分由(68·7±7·2)分提高到(87±6·1)分;髋关节总活动度增加180·7°±14·5°。关节疼痛缓解率为93·3%;平均肢体短缩由4·1cm降到1·6cm;人工关节存活率为86·8%。X线片示髋臼骨溶解6例,髋臼杯松动2例,股骨骨溶解4例,股骨柄松动1例。结论骨性强直的髋关节转换THA,可以缓解周围关节疼痛、增加髋关节的活动度、改善双下肢不等长和矫正髋关节畸形,提高生活质量。髋关节功能与臀中肌力量的恢复直接关联。     

严重髋关节融合强直畸形的全髋关节置换术

目的探讨采用全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗严重髋关节融合强直畸形的手术方法及临床疗效。方法对48例(57髋)严重髋关节融合强直畸形分次行单侧THA,均采用外侧切口,通过对股骨颈2次截骨后,根据骨盆倾向头侧还是尾侧进行髋臼成形,正确定位臼杯的外展角,根据患侧屈曲畸形情况进行股骨柄和髋臼前倾角的调整。结果术后48例均获随访平均28.5(12~36)个月,1例一侧假体下沉4 mm,1例出现假体周围骨折,1例出现股骨近端劈裂,1例出现坐骨神经的牵拉伤。末次随访时,Harris评分从术前平均16.3分提高到85.6分;髋关节活动度由术前0°提高至术后平均152.5°,其中平均屈髋91.4°;髋关节屈曲畸形程度由术前平均25.6°改善至术后平均5.1°。术后患者髋痛基本消失,术侧步态基本恢复正常,无严重并发症发生。结论严重髋关节融合强直屈髋畸形的THA不能按常规的方式处理,显露出真臼底和根据术前患肢的内旋或外旋程度把握好准确的前倾角、外展角是手术成功的关键。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良的髋臼重建

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋关节发育不良（DDH）时不同方式髋臼重建对疗效的影响。方法 2000年1月至2007年10月,36例（44髋）先天性髋臼发育不良患者进行了全髋关节置换。年龄42～65岁,平均48岁。术前Harris评分平均为49.9分,双下肢长度差异平均为1.8 cm,髋关节平均活动度：屈曲59.6°,外展21.6°,内收13.9°,外旋10°,内旋8.2°。术中臼杯均安装于真臼处,髋臼内移14髋,髋臼内陷成形术18髋,自体股骨头结构性植骨12髋。髋臼侧均选用非骨水泥型假体。疗效评价：根据Harris评分分为优、良、可、差四级。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间1.8～9.2年,平均5.1年。平均Harris评分由术前的49.9分恢复到术后的90.1分,两者比较有统计学差异（P〈0.01,t=28.807）,其中评定为优23髋、良17髋、可4髋,术后优良率达90.9%。术后髋关节平均活动度：屈曲105°,外展35°,内收15.8°,外旋45°,内旋15°。本组病例无肺栓塞、深静脉血栓形成、感染等并发症发生。X线检查示假体无松动移位,无翻修病例。结论全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良采用恰当的髋臼重建结合非骨水泥型髋臼假体可获得满意中远期疗效。     

髋关节发育不良的髋臼重建

目的　总结采用全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎和功能障碍的经验。方法　 1998年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,对 96例 112髋 (双侧 16例 )成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者进行了全髋关节置换术。其中 ,半脱位 73髋 ,低位脱位 18髋 ,高位脱位 2 1髋。髋臼侧均采用真臼位置重建 ,其中骨水泥固定 16髋 ,非骨水泥固定 96髋 ,植骨 11髋 ;采用常规置换 83髋 ;磨削加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2 7髋 ;髋臼外上缘自体股骨头植骨加深髋臼后 ,安置小号髋臼假体 2髋。结果　患者术后伤口均一期愈合 ,未发生感染或血管神经损伤 ,患肢长度平均延长 1 7cm。随访 85例 98髋 ,平均随访 3 5年 ,关节疼痛缓解 ,活动功能满意 ,Harris评分由术前的平均 33 9分恢复到平均 89 3分 ,无假体松动和翻修病例。X线片显示 ,关节假体位置正常 ,人工髋臼的平均外展角4 4° ,宿主骨对臼杯的平均覆盖率为 96 6 % ,金属臼杯与宿主髋臼之间未见透光线 ;11髋髋臼侧植骨病例中 ,植骨块与宿主骨愈合良好 ,未见骨吸收现象。结论　全髋关节置换术是治疗髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎患者的有效方法 ;术前应充分考虑髋关节发育不良的原发及继发性病理改变 ,尽可能在真臼位置重建髋臼     

髋部骨折内固定术后继发创伤性髋关节骨性融合的全髋关节置换

[目的]探讨采用全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节创伤性骨性融合的临床疗效及异位骨化处理与防治对策。[方法]回顾性分析本院2010年8月~2013年10月采用生物型全髋关节置换治疗髋部复杂性骨折切开复位内固定术后继发创伤性髋关节骨性融合8例患者的临床资料。8例均为男性;年龄(23~49)岁,平均35.8岁。采用股骨颈楔形截骨解除髋关节骨性融合状态,在C型臂X线机透视下定位髋臼旋转中心,髋臼锉进行髋臼研磨后采用合适的髋臼前倾角置入髋臼假体。以髋关节Harris评分评价术前及术后末次随访时的髋关节功能。[结果]术后随访时间15~48个月,平均28.5个月。术前髋关节Harris评分平均(22.7±3.7)分,术后末次随访时Harris评分平均(93.8±5.2)分,差异有统计学意义(t=31.32,P=0.00)。术中未发生骨折及神经、血管损伤等并发症。[结论]全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折术后继发创伤性髋关节骨性融合可获满意近期疗效。采用股骨颈楔形截骨可安全、有效地解除髋关节骨性融合状态。选择适配的生物型人工髋关节假体并以合理的角度安装,最终获得一个稳定的、具有正常解剖位置的人工全髋关节。     

髋关节骨性关节炎及髋臼发育不良对髋关节表面置换术中髋臼安装角度的影响

[目的]研究全髋关节表面置换术中,单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良对髋臼安装角度的影响及两组病例疗效比较。[方法]自2006～2009年,本科共实施全髋表面关节置换术20例23髋,病因包括单纯骨性关节炎10髋及髋关节发育不良13髋。手术假体均采用金属对金属大直径表面置换假体,股骨侧骨水泥固定,髋臼侧生物型固定。[结果]所有患者均获得近期随访(6个月～3年),随访包括临床评估和放射学评估。两组患者术前术后Harris评分均无明显统计学差异。无一发生术后脱位、股骨颈骨折等并发症。其中单纯骨性关节炎患者术后臼杯外展角25.6°～56.0°(平均43.9°±9.9°),平均髋臼覆盖率达95.8%。髋臼发育不良患者术后臼杯外展角22.4°～69.3°(平均46.8°±12.9°),髋臼覆盖率达84.3%。[结论]金属对金属大直径表面置换假体在治疗单纯骨性关节炎及髋关节发育不良早期临床疗效并无明显统计学差异。但是髋关节发育不良患者行髋关节表面置换术中,髋臼假体外展角离散度要明显高于单纯骨性关节炎组,其髋臼杯假体外展角度控制要难于单纯骨性关节炎。     

全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋臼发育不良并骨性关节炎的疗效分析

[目的]探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人CroweⅣ型髋臼发育不良的临床疗效。[方法]对26例(31髋)成人CroweⅣ型髋臼发育不良并骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换术,以术前、术后Harris评分和放射学检查评价疗效。[结果]26例均得到随访,随访时间平均为21个月(10个月～4年)。术前Harris评分平均(36.45±2.47)分,术后(82.84±3.58)分,(P﹤0.01)。1例出现坐骨神经完全损伤,经保守治疗6个月后部分恢复。[结论]人工全髋关节置换术治疗成人CroweⅣ型髋臼发育不良是安全、有效的手术方法。     

全髋置换术中髋臼内陷的处理

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术中髋臼内陷的处理方法及早期疗效。方法 2006年7月至2012年12月,收治继发性髋臼内陷症21例28髋,男12例17髋,女9例11髋;年龄26~68岁,平均56.3岁;原发疾病:类风湿关节炎9例14髋,强直性脊柱炎6例8髋,感染4例4髋(结核和化脓性关节炎各2例2髋),髋臼骨折畸形愈合2例2髋;轻度髋臼内陷6髋、中度髋臼内陷12髋、重度髋臼内陷10髋。患者均行人工全髋关节置换,术中单纯植入生物型臼杯6髋,打压植骨后直接植入生物型臼杯18髋,直接植入骨水泥杯2髋,打压植骨后骨水泥杯固定2髋。结果术后21例28髋切口均一期愈合,无感染及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间12~78个月,平均42个月。末次随访时,髋关节Harris评分为(87±4.1)分,术前Harris髋关节评分平均(45±3.3)分,较术前有显著差异,优22髋,良6髋,优良率100%。臼杯平均外翻角(42±3.5)°。植骨均骨性融合,无臼杯再次内陷及松动。髋关节活动度增加:屈曲增加(64.3±4.5)°,外展增加(20.5±3.5)°,内旋增加(16.5±2.5)°,外旋增加(19±2.5)°。末次随访时X线片显示所有假体均获得骨性稳定。术前股骨头内陷3~30 mm,平均13 mm;术后股骨头内陷0~5 mm,平均2 mm。人工股骨头旋转中心外移3~28 mm,平均10.5 mm。假体位置良好,无松动、下沉,植骨与髋臼融合,无髋臼再次内陷。结论人工全髋关节置换治疗髋臼内陷时,恢复患髋股骨偏心距及髋臼旋转中心,可获满意早期疗效。     

小切口全髋关节置换术近期随访观察

[目的]探讨前外侧小切口全髋关节置换术的适应证及临床效果。[方法]自2002年5月-2005年3月，采用前外侧小切口人工全髋关节置换术治疗年龄65～88岁的股骨颈囊内骨折23例，股骨头无菌性坏死11例。[结果]前外侧小切口平均长度7．5cm，手术时间平均75min，平均出血量205ml，无输血及使用镇痛药物，无脱位、感染、深静脉栓塞等并发症。平均随访18个月，X线片未见假体松动下沉表现，Harris评分为92．1分。[结论]前外侧小切口全髋关节置换术适用于髋关节无畸形、髋臼和股骨近端无明显骨质缺损、骨质疏松及过度肥胖的患者。合理的切口及精确的操作可减少手术创伤，有利于功能恢复。     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的临床研究

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直的手术方法及术后疗效。方法 2005年5月至2008年5月,对13例(18髋)强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者行全髋关节置换术,患者均为男性,平均年龄35岁(22～51岁)。术后平均随访3.8年(2～5年),根据Harris评分进行评分,根据Gruen股骨分区法和DeLee-Charnley髋臼分区法对股骨假体和髋臼假体作影像学分析。结果 13例(18髋)患者Harris评分由术前平均24.3分(0～38分)提高至术后平均87.3分(54～94分),疗效优6髋,良10髋,可2髋,优良率为88.9%。髋关节总活动度由术前平均35.4°(0°～105°)提高至术后平均192.6°(78°～225°)。X线片未见假体松动、脱位或折断,异位骨化发生率11.1%(2髋)。结论全髋关节置换术是重建强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直患者髋关节功能,提高生活质量的有效方法。     

Total hip arthroplasty for developmental hip dysplasia

We reviewed 38 hip replacements in 33 female patients (mean age 55.3 years) with developmental hip dysplasia. One patient had died and the remaining 32 patients (36 hips) had a mean follow-up of 12.2 years (range 8–19 years). All hips were replaced using the Müller cemented implant, and in 32 hips bulk femoral head autograft was used. In 33 hips the socket was reconstructed at the level of the true acetabulum. Complications included one intra-operative femoral fracture and two early dislocations. Correction of leg length discrepancy was possible in 30 patients. The post-operative mean modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scores for pain, movement and walking were 5.9, 5, and 5.3 respectively. One cup was revised due to aseptic loosening at ten years. All grafts united, but minor graft resorption was noticed in 24 hips, moderate in 2 hips and major in 1 hip.

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Résumé Nous avons examiné 38 remplacements prothétiques de la hanche chez 33 femmes (age moyen 55,3 ans) avec une dysplasie de la hanche. Une patiente était décédée et les 32 autres (36 hanches) avaient un suivi moyen de 12,2 ans ( 8 à 19). Toutes les hanches ont eu un implant type Müller cimenté et pour 32 une autogreffe massive de tête fémorale a été utilisé. Pour 33 hanches la cavité a été reconstruite au niveau du paléo-cotyle. Les complications comprenaient une fracture fémorale opératoire et deux luxations précoces. La correction de l’inégalité de longueur des membres inférieurs était obtenue chez 30 malades. Le score postopératoire modifié de Merle d’Aubigné et Postel pour la douleur, la mobilité et la marche étaient en moyenne de 5,9, 5 et 5,3 respectivement. Une cupule a été révisée pour un descellement aseptique à 10 ans. Toutes les greffes ont consolidé, mais une résorption mineure de la greffe a été remarquée dans 24 hanches, une résorption modéré dans deux hanches et majeure dans une.

     

The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty

We studied the cases of fifty-two patients with an infection at the site of a prosthetic total hip replacement, and are reporting the significant clinical features, infecting organisms, methods of treatment, and results at long-term follow-up. Forty-eight per cent of the hips had had an operation prior to the index arthroplasty, and 42 per cent had a wound complication. All patients had pain in the infected hip, but only 54 per cent had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than thirty millimeters per hour, 44 per cent had fever, and 15 per cent had leukocytosis. In 88 per cent of the patients a single organism was grown on culture, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were present in about 75 per cent. When antibiotic therapy alone was the initial treatment, the infection was eradicated in only one patient. Excisional arthroplasty was the definitive surgical procedure in thirty-three patients and the infection was eradicated in twenty-seven of them, but the clinical result was satisfactory in only twenty. Of ten patients who had a true Girdlestone arthroplasty, none had recurrence of the infection and all had a clinically satisfactory outcome.     

Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease

BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that the clinical and radiographic results of total hip replacement performed for degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip disease vary depending on the severity of the anatomical abnormality. In this study, we report the mid-term and long-term clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty performed for each of the three different types of congenital hip disease. METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, the senior author performed 229 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in 168 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease. Seventy-six hips were dysplastic, sixty-nine had a low dislocation, and eighty-four had a high dislocation. The Charnley low-friction technique was performed in 178 hips, and the so-called hybrid technique was performed in forty-six hips. Cementless arthroplasty was used in only five hips. RESULTS: After a minimum of seven years of follow-up, the rates of revision of the acetabular components were 15% in the dysplastic hips, 21% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 14% in those with a high dislocation. The rates of revision of the femoral components were 14%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. Survivorship analysis predicted an overall rate of prosthetic survival at fifteen years of 88.8% +/- 4.8% in the dysplastic hips, 73.9% +/- 7.2% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 76.4% +/- 8.1% in those with a high dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the anatomical abnormalities and the use of appropriate techniques and implants make total hip arthroplasty feasible for treatment of the three types of congenital hip disease. In patients with a low dislocation, the major technical problem is reconstruction of the natural acetabulum. In those with a high dislocation, the challenge is to place the acetabular component inside the reconstructed true acetabulum and to use an appropriate femoral implant in the hypoplastic narrow femoral diaphysis.     

Total hip arthroplasty in the ankylosed hip

Altered biomechanics secondary to hip ankylosis often result in degeneration of the lumbar spine, ipsilateral knee, and contralateral hip and knee. Symptoms in these joints may be reduced with conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) of the ankylosed hip. THA in the ankylosed hip is a technically challenging procedure, and the overall clinical outcome is generally less satisfactory than routine THA performed for osteoarthritis and other etiologies. Functional integrity of the hip abductor muscles is the most important predictor of walking ability following conversion THA. Many patients experience persistent limp, and it can take up to 2 years to fully assess final functional outcome. Risk factors cited for increased risk of failed THA include prior surgical ankylosis and age <50 years at the time of conversion THA.     

Total hip arthroplasty after hip joint ankylosis

Background

Back pain and knee pain are typical secondary degeneration symptoms after hip ankylosis. Take down of hip ankylosis and implantation of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is believed to be a promising treatment option.

Methods

A total of 22 hip ankylosis patients [15 men, mean age 53.7 years (range 30–72 years); 7 women, mean age 50.8 years (range 42–61 years)] underwent THA during 1980–2000 after spontaneous (n = 10) or surgical (n = 12) fusion of the hip joint. The mean duration of ankylosis prior to THA was 32.5 years (range 2–61 years).

Results

At the mean follow-up of 13.2 years (range 2–19 years), the Harris hip score averaged 84.9 points (range 70.1–99.0 points). All patients (100%) confirmed that they would undergo conversion surgery again. Aseptic loosening of two stems (one cemented, one cementless; 9.5%) and two deep infections (9.5%) required revision surgery.

Conclusions

THA is a promising option for treatment of secondary long-term hip ankylosis sequelae. A conversion operation after spontaneous ankylosis provides better functional outcome than after surgical fusion. However, full function with complete pain relief and a negative Trendelenburg sign might be not attainable in all cases.     

Total hip arthroplasty in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocation

We treated 15 patients with chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations at our hospital; all patients sustained the fracture-dislocations in motor vehicle accidents. All presented to our institution more than 6 months after initial treatment at their local hospitals with uncontained femoral heads; all underwent 1-stage total hip arthroplasty with bone grafting. These patients were monitored for a mean of 71.5 months (range, 36-96 months). All patients had significantly decreased pain, increased function, and increased range-of-motion scores using the Merle d'Aubigné scoring system. All grafts showed radiographic evidence of union. There were 2 dislocations, 1 transient peroneal nerve palsy, and 1 superficial infection. Total hip arthroplasty is effective for relieving pain and restoring function in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations.     

全髋关节置换术后关节不稳的处理策略

正对于晚期关节炎,全髋关节置换可明显减少疼痛,提高患者的功能,具有较高的满意度和较低的手术并发症[1-2]。全髋关节置换的目标是无痛,活动时关节稳定,获得最大限度的活动范围,没有撞击和下肢长度尽量相等[3]。术后一个重要的并发症就是关节不稳,这是引起关节翻修的原因之一。     

Total hip replacement in the previously septic hip

Total hip replacement was performed in either one or two stages in thirty-three hips with active sepsis. The sepsis had followed hemiarthroplasty in six hips, open reduction with internal fixation of a fracture in eight, cup arthroplasty in one, and total hip replacement in eight hips within six years prior to the second total hip replacement. Ten additional patients had total hip replacement following destruction of the hip joint by hematogenous sepsis in nine and by infection following a shrapnel wound in one. Of these thirty-three patients, twenty-three (70 per cent) reveal no signs of infection at three to nine years after prosthetic replacement. Of the remaining ten in whom an infection developed, six had definite recurrences of the original infection, three were infected with organisms different from the original one, and one was either a local recurrence or reseeding from a persistent pyelonephritis. The success rate when the original organism was gram-positive was 78 per cent, including two of three total hip replacements done in the presence of active infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The success with gram-negative organisms, however, was only 58 per cent. The prosthetic failure rate was highest in patients who had had a previous infection about a total hip replacement (37 per cent) and in patients who had had a previous infection but no prior prosthetic or internal fixation devices (37 per cent). The lowest prosthetic failure rates were in patients with an infected hemiarthroplasty (16 per cent), an infection around an internal fixation device (25 per cent), or an infected cup arthroplasty. A complete and differential blood-cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aspiration arthrogram, and radiographs did not effectively predict success or failure. For gram-positive infections, the success rates were similar following either a one or a two-stage procedure. We found that the success rates could be improved by a repeat course of parenteral antibiotics after the total hip replacement even if all preoperative and intraoperative studies failed to identify an infection. Patients with a successful total hip replacement achieved much better functional results than those who had to have a Girdlestone procedure. However, all patients must be carefully assessed prior to reimplantation of a prosthesis because of the high failure rate, especially with gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas having the gravest prognosis), even when the procedure is done in two stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Total hip replacement in the congenitally dysplastic hip

Total hip replacement arthroplasty can relieve pain and improve function for many patients with end-stage arthritis.Patients with congenital hip dysplasia, however, present special problems because of the deformities of the acetabulum and femur.Noncemented porous-coated hemispheric acetabular components available in small sizes, and small, straight-stemmed, cemented, femoral components can be used to deal with the bony deformities and have considerably expanded the success of total hip replacement in such patients.The acetabular dysplasia can be managed in most cases by reaming to the medial wall, inserting small-diameter, porous-coated, acetabular components and stabilizing them with screws to provide rigid initial stability. Small portions of the components can be covered with bone graft chips. If necessary, the acetabular component can be placed more proximal than normal, thus increasing the height of the prosthetic hip center, while restoring the limb length with a longer neck prosthesis. a high total dislocation without the development of an adequate false acetabulum, however, requires trochanteric osteotomy, femoral shortening, placement of the acetabular component in the true acetabulum, and the use of straight-stem femoral components.