胰腺中段切除术在胰腺疾病中应用(附17例报告)

目的 探讨胰腺中段切除术在治疗胰腺颈体部疾病的可行性及临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析西安交通大学第一附属医院2006年6月～2012年3月17例胰腺颈体部疾病患者实施胰腺中段切除术的临床资料,胰岛细胞瘤4例(2例为无功能性),黏液性囊腺瘤4例,浆液性囊腺瘤3例,实性假乳头状瘤3例,非侵袭性胰管内乳头状粘液癌2例(病理科已核实),外伤胰腺颈体部横断伤1例.结果 17例均行胰腺中段切除,胰体空肠Roux-en-Y吻合14例,胰头、胰体空肠双吻合3例,术后胰瘘5例(29.4％),出血2例(11.8％),经非手术治疗后痊愈.随访时间5个月-2年,1例因腹腔转移多器官衰竭术后5个月死亡;1例术后8个月因心脑血管疾病死亡;其余均存活,且随访期血糖监测正常,无其它并发症.结论 对于胰腺颈体部良性或低度恶性肿瘤,胰腺中段切除术是一种比较理想的手术方式,该术式能最大程度保留胰腺组织,维持胰腺的内、外分泌功能,维持上消化道连续性,可获得满意的治疗效果.     

中段胰腺切除术(附10例报告)

目的 探讨中段胰腺切除术的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至2003年10月间10例中段胰腺切除术病人的临床资料，男6例，女4例，平均年龄46．6岁。本组病例中病理诊断胰腺内分泌肿瘤5例。胰腺囊腺瘤4例。慢性胰腺炎伴胰石症1例。2例行中段胰腺切除＋胰头空肠、胰体空肠、空肠空肠吻合术，8例行中段胰腺切除＋胰体空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果 术后均无死亡。术后发生胰瘘2例，经保守治疗2个月和2周后均痊愈。仅1例无功能性胰岛细胞瘤的病人术后出现血糖轻度增高，随访1年血糖无变化。10例病人中8例随访至2004年4月均健在，无复发。结论 中段胰腺切除术适用于位于胃十二指肠动脉左侧和近脾静脉与肠系膜下静脉汇合处之间良性或低度恶性的胰腺肿瘤。该术式有利于降低胰腺术后糖尿病的发生和维持胃肠道的功能．     

胰腺损伤的处理

我院1984～1994年收治胰腺损伤29例,其中属Ⅰ级损伤11例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级2例。行单纯外引流20例,损伤远侧胰腺切除7例(包括脾保留2例,十二指肠憩室化1例),胰管吻合及胰腺体侧空肠Roux-en-Y吻合各1例。死亡4例(13.8％)。作者认为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级损伤均可单纯外引流,Ⅲ级应行远侧胰腺切除外引流术,Ⅳ级应行胰腺体侧空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,Ⅴ级损伤须行胰十二指肠切除木。外引流是处理胰腺损伤的重要措施。     

胰腺中段切除术的应用

目的探讨胰腺中段切除术(medial pancreatectomy,MP)的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析13例胰腺良性疾病和1例非侵袭性胰管内乳头状粘液癌行MP的临床资料,12例行MP+胰体空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,2例行MP+胰头、胰体空肠双吻合术。结果术后3例出现胰瘘,经非手术治疗痊愈。1例术后病理报告为非侵袭性胰管内乳头状粘液癌,目前仍在观察中。余13例患者近期手术效果良好。结论对于胰腺颈体部的良性或低度恶性肿瘤,MP可获得满意的治疗效果。     

瘘管切除胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y吻合治疗胰腺外瘘24例临床分析

目的探讨胰腺外伤或胰腺炎经外引流后形成胰腺瘘管的手术方式及时机的选择。方法胰腺外伤或胰腺炎行外引流后胰腺瘘管再次手术病例45例,按是否行瘘管切除分为两组。其中A组21例行胰腺瘘管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合;B组24例采取胰腺瘘管切除及胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合,手术均选择在胰腺瘘管形成后4~6个月。两组患者术后均常规使用生长抑素。结果 A组术后发生慢性腹痛6例,胰漏8例,消化道出血5例,切口感染9例。B组慢性腹痛1例,胰漏2例,消化道出血5例,切口感染3例。结论胰腺瘘管切除加胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术能够有效的降低胰腺外伤或胰腺炎外引流术后胰腺瘘管形成患者并发症发生率。     

中段胰腺切除治疗胰颈体部肿瘤13例体会

目的总结中段胰腺切除治疗胰颈体部肿瘤的临床经验。方法对胰颈体部良性或低度恶性肿瘤13例患者行中段胰腺切除术治疗。术中游离胰颈体部切除肿瘤,行Roux-en-Y胰肠吻合或胰胃吻合。单吻合法5例,"Ω"形双吻合法6例,胰胃吻合法2例,胰肠吻合均放置肠造口管充分减压引流。结果切除胰腺平均直径4.3 cm,手术时间(237±43)分钟,出血量(287±75)ml。术后胰瘘2例,出血2例。浆液性囊腺瘤2例,黏液性囊腺瘤1例,实性假乳头状瘤3例,导管内乳头状黏液瘤2例,神经内分泌瘤1例,神经鞘瘤1例,功能性胰岛细胞瘤2例,无功能性胰岛细胞瘤1例。均痊愈出院,平均住院时间(18±5)天,随访9个月~3年未见低血糖和肿瘤复发及新发糖尿病。结论个体化中段胰腺切除术适合胰颈体部良性或低度恶性肿瘤治疗,保护了胰腺内外分泌功能,是一种安全、疗效确切的手术方式。     

胰腺中段切除术（附15例报道）

目的 报道并总结15例胰腺中段切除的手术经验.方法 2001年1月至2005年10月期间共有15例患者接受胰腺中段切除手术,其中女11例,男4例;年龄23.8～73.1岁,平均49.4岁;神经内分泌肿瘤8例(其中5例为无功能性),浆液性囊腺瘤5例,黏液性囊腺瘤2例.均采用近端胰腺残端缝合、远端胰腺和空肠袢Roux-en-Y端端套入式吻合.结果 手术平均时间275 min(179～370 min),切除胰腺平均长度45 mm(30～60 mm),肿瘤平均最大径23 mm(15～40 mm).术后发生胰瘘4例(26.7%),其中3例(20.0%)伴有出血.随访时间3个月～5年(平均23个月),1例重症感染伴发多器官功能衰竭者于术后3个月死亡;其余均存活,且随访期间均无新发糖尿病.结论 胰腺中段切除是一种治疗胰腺颈体部良性肿瘤和交界性肿瘤的有效方法.     

胰腺损伤的诊治分析

目的探讨胰腺损伤诊断,治疗经验及如何降低病死率。方法对我院1988年1月至2004年12月胰腺损伤27例进行回顾性分析。其中Ι级5例,II级7例,Ⅲ级8例,IV级6例,V级1例。单纯胰周引流12例,胰体尾切除8例,胰腺近端缝扎、远端与空肠Roux-en-Y吻合2例,胰头十二指肠修补加十二指肠憩室化2例,胰腺近端缝扎、远端与空肠Roux-en-Y吻合加改良十二指肠憩室化3例。结果痊愈25例(92.6%),死亡2例(7.4%)。结论根据外伤病史,腹部体征、B超CT及淀粉酶检查,对胰腺损伤是有较大邦助。必要时及做剖腹探查协助诊断。选择合理的手术方式可提高治愈率,减少并发症,降低死亡率。     

胰腺假性囊肿41例诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿的诊断及外科手术治疗方式。方法回顾性分析行手术治疗的41例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,其中行单纯囊肿外引流术7例（17．1％）,单纯囊肿切除10例（24．4％）,囊肿及胰尾部切除＋脾切除术3例（7．3％）,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合18例（43．9％）,囊肿胃吻合3例（7．3％）。结果术后发生并发症8例（19．5％）,1例囊肿胃吻合术患者术后2d出现消化道出血,经非手术治疗而痊愈出院;2例患者（单纯囊肿外引流术1例,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合1例）早期出现不全性肠梗阻,经过保守治疗出院;2例单纯囊肿外引流术患者术后出现胰瘘,1例胰瘘经保守治疗治愈,另外1例因长期胰瘘而再行瘘管空肠吻合术而治愈;1例囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后出现逆行感染,经抗炎保守治疗后病情缓解;全组切口感染2例,1例保守换药,另1例换药后行二期缝合均获痊愈。无手术死亡病例。随访37例,时间6个月～5年,平均（3．3±1．9）年,2例单纯囊肿切除术患者于术后1年复发,经保守治疗症状缓解。结论胰腺假性囊肿在经保守治疗渡过急性期后,应根据需要采取个体化的外科治疗方案。     

胰腺中段切除术在胰腺颈体部良性肿瘤的应用(附15例报告)

目的 探讨胰腺中段切除术在胰腺颈体部良性肿瘤中的临床实用价值.方法 对2005年11月至2009年6月期间收治的胰腺颈体部良性肿瘤并施行胰腺中段切除术的15例病例进行回顾性分析,男性3例,女性12例,年龄30～55岁,平均45岁.其中因上腹部胀痛不适入院4例,其余11例均为常规体检行腹部彩色超声检查发现.结果 本组患者无围手术期死亡.15例患者均行胰腺中段切除,其中14例行胰头断端闭锁、胰尾空肠吻术(单吻合术),1例行胰腺两断端空肠"Ω"吻合(双吻合术).术后病理检查结果显示,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤1例,无功能性胰岛细胞瘤3例,胰腺囊腺瘤11例.术后发生胰瘘3例,均在3个月内自行愈合.所有患者均获得随访,随访时间2～45个月,15例患者无死亡,无新发糖尿病,无肿瘤再发,无胰腺假性囊肿形成.结论 胰腺中段切除术治疗胰腺颈体部良性肿瘤临床效果确切,对患者内、外分泌功能影响小,胰瘘发生率高于胰头十二指肠切除术,只要通畅引流,多能自行愈合.     

闭合性胰腺损伤的诊断和治疗：附32例报告

目的：探讨闭合性胰腺损伤的早期诊断和治疗方法。
方法：回顾性分析收治的闭合性胰腺损伤32例的临床资料。
结果：CT诊断符合率为79.3%。非手术治疗4例,其中I级3例,II级1例。 手术治疗28例,I级5例和II级7例行胰周清创外引流术;6例Ⅲ级胰腺损伤中,行远端胰腺切除术和脾切除术4例,行保脾远端胰腺切除术2例;5例Ⅳ级胰腺损伤中,行胰腺空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术4例,行远端胰腺切除术和脾切除术1例;5例Ⅴ级胰腺损伤中,行十二指肠憩室化手术1例,2例胰头严重毁损伤行胰十二指肠切除术,2例由于复合伤情较重,首先应用损伤控制手术,于受伤后48 h再次行彻底性手术。全组死亡3例,死亡原因主要为多器官功能衰竭,余25例中术后发生并发症19例（76.0%）,包括胰瘘、胰腺假性囊肿等,均经治疗而愈。
结论：无明确主胰管损伤、临床情况稳定时,胰腺损伤可先行非手术治疗。手术治疗适于重度闭合性胰腺损伤,根据胰腺损伤的程度选择合理的手术方式可提高治愈率,降低病死率。     

Roux-en-Y end-to-end and end-to-side double pancreaticojejunostomy: application of the reconstructive method of the Beger procedure to central pancreatectomy

Purposes  

Central pancreatectomy is indicated for treatment of traumatic lesions and benign or low-grade tumors of the pancreatic neck and proximal body. After central pancreatectomy, the proximal pancreatic stump is usually closed, and pancreaticojejunostomy or pancreaticogastrostomy carried out with the distal pancreas. Adopting these reconstructive techniques in most series revealed a prevalence of postoperative fistula that was higher than after pancreaticoduodenectomy or left pancreatectomy. We present a case treated by novel application of the reconstructive method of the Beger procedure.     

Central pancreatectomy as an indication for various benign pancreatic tumors

Standard pancreatic resections, either proximal or distal ones, result in a considerable loss of pancreatic parenchyma and may cause impairment of the exocrine and endocrine functions. Central pancreatectomy has been indicated for small benign lesions located in the neck or body of the pancreas. It has the potential advantage of lowering the risk of functional impairment of the pancreatic parenchyma, biliary tract, upper gastrointestinal tract, and spleen. We present three cases of patients with benign, isolated pancreatic tumors who underwent a successful central pancreatectomy. From this small series, we believe that central pancreatectomy is an excellent therapeutic option for benign, localized pancreatic tumors.     

CENTRAL PANCREATECTOMY FOR BENIGN PANCREATIC PATHOLOGY/TRAUMA: IS IT A REASONABLE PANCREAS‐PRESERVING CONSERVATIVE SURGICAL STRATEGY ALTERNATIVE TO STANDARD MAJOR PANCREATIC RESECTION?

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility, safety and outcome of central pancreatectomy (CP) with pancreaticogastrostomy or pancreaticojejunostomy in appropriately selected patients with benign central pancreatic pathology/trauma. Benign lesions/trauma of the pancreatic neck and proximal body pose an interesting surgical challenge. CP is an operation that allows resection of benign tumours located in the pancreatic isthmus that are not suitable for enucleation. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2005, eight central pancreatectomies were carried out. There were six women and two men with a mean age of 35.7 years. The cephalic pancreatic stump is oversewn and the distal stump is anastomosed end-to-end with a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop in two and with the stomach in six patients. The indications for CP were: non-functional islet cell tumours in two patients, traumatic pancreatic neck transection in two and one each for insulinoma, solid pseudopapillary tumour, splenic artery pseudoaneurysm and pseudocyst. Pancreatic exocrine function was evaluated by a questionnaire method. Endocrine function was evaluated by blood glucose level. RESULTS: Morbidity rate was 37.5% with no operative mortality. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 10.5 days. Neither of the patients developed pancreatic fistula nor required reoperations or interventional radiological procedures. At a mean follow up of 26.4 months, no patient had evidence of endocrine or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, all the patients were alive and well without clinical and imaging evidence of disease recurrence. CONCLUSION: When technically feasible, CP is a safe, pancreas-preserving pancreatectomy for non-enucleable benign pancreatic pathology/trauma confined to pancreatic isthmus that allows for cure of the disease without loss of substantial amount of normal pancreatic parenchyma with preservation of exocrine/endocrine function and without interruption of enteric continuity.     

Central pancreatectomy: a technique for the resection of pancreatic neck lesions

HYPOTHESIS: Central pancreatectomy has been used sparingly because the spectrum of indications is quite narrow. Although historically used for traumatic pancreatic transection and chronic pancreatitis, it currently is reserved for selective management of pancreatic neck lesions that are benign or have low malignant potential. Varying morbidity rates have been published in the literature. Our objectives were to describe the technique and determine the safety and effectiveness of central pancreatectomy in the excision of benign or low-malignant potential lesions of the pancreatic neck. DESIGN: Retrospective clinicopathologic data review. SETTING: The Mayo Clinic surgical index was used to identify procedures matched for central, median, middle, or middle segment pancreatectomy. PATIENTS: Eight patients (4 men, 4 women) underwent central pancreatectomy between 1998 and 2004. INTERVENTION: Patients with pancreatic neck or proximal body masses underwent central pancreatectomy at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were followed up closely for postoperative complications during the initial hospital admission. On follow-up, long-term endocrine and exocrine function were determined based on laboratory values and patient history. RESULTS: Abnormalities included 3 islet cell tumors, 2 serous cystadenomas, a mucinous cystadenoma, a lymphoepithelial cyst, and a recurrent liposarcoma. Mean tumor size was 2.8 cm and mean operative time was 4.8 hours with a mean blood loss of 381 mL. The most common complication was pancreatic leak (5 patients [63%]). Reoperation was necessary in 2 patients (25%), both secondary to hemorrhage. There was no mortality or new-onset diabetes mellitus. One patient transiently required oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Central pancreatectomy may preserve endocrine and exocrine function. While mortality is low, in our experience, central pancreatectomy is associated with a high complication rate. The most common complication is pancreatic leak. Caution is necessary when using central pancreatectomy in the treatment of pancreatic neck lesions. Surgeon experience is of utmost importance in this decision-making process as well as the technical aspects of central pancreatectomy. The precise role of central pancreatectomy in the management of benign or low-malignant potential lesions of the neck of the pancreas remains in evolution.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的治疗：附17例报告

目的：探讨CT检查和术中探查在胰腺实性假乳头肿瘤(SPTP)手术方式选择中的应用价值。
方法：回顾性分析10年间福建医科大学附属第一医院等4所医院手术所治17例SPTP患者的临床资料,分析术前CT判断、术中探查发现与术后病理学结果的关系。
结果：术前CT检查和术中探查能够较准确地判断肿瘤的大小、位置、侵袭生长情况;所有患者均接受了手术治疗,其中局部肿瘤切除术8例、胰尾切除术1例、胰体尾切除加脾切除术6例以及胰十二指肠切除术2例,17.6%的患者发生胰瘘等术后并发症,平均随访19.3个月未发现肿瘤复发。
结论：胰腺实性假乳头肿瘤手术切除率高,手术术式的选择应依据术前CT等影像检查和术中探查对肿瘤性质、大小、部位、包膜是否完整和是否侵及周围组织的判断,完整的肿瘤切除治疗能够获得良好预后。     

Resection versus drainage in the management of patients with AAST-OIS grade IV blunt pancreatic injury: A single trauma centre experience

IntroductionWe aimed to compare outcomes of pancreatic resection with that of peripancreatic drainage for American Association for the Surgery of Trauma–Organ Injury Scale (AAST-OIS) grade IV blunt pancreatic injury in order to determine the optimal treatment method.Materials and methodsNineteen surgical patients with AAST-OIS grade IV blunt pancreatic injury between 1994 and 2016 were retrospectively studied.ResultsAmong the 19 patients, 14 were men and 5 were women (median age: 33 years). Twelve patients underwent pancreatic resection (spleen-sacrificing distal pancreatectomy, n = 6; spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy, n = 3; and central pancreatectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis, n = 3), and seven underwent peripancreatic drainage. After comparing these two groups, no significant differences were found in terms of gender, shock at triage, laboratory data, injury severity score, associated injury, length of hospital stay, and complication. The only significant difference was that in the drainage group, the duration from injury to surgery was longer than that from injury to resection (median, 48 hours vs. 24 hours; P = 0.036). In the drainage group, three patients required reoperation, and another three required further pancreatic duct stent therapy.ConclusionsIn the surgery of the grade IV blunt pancreatic injury, pancreatic resection is warranted in early, conclusive MPD injury; if surgery is delayed or MPD injury has not been clearly assessed, peripancreatic drainage is an alternative method. However, peripancreatic drainage alone is not adequate and further pancreatic duct stent or reoperation is required. Further studies should be conducted to confirm our conclusions.     

胰腺假性囊肿内引流术式的研究

目的：探讨胰腺假性囊肿内引流术的术式选择。
方法：回顾性分析13余年收治且行囊肿内引流治疗的胰腺假性囊肿62例的临床资料,着重探讨手术方法以及效果。
结果：全组均经B超或/和CT以及术后病理学检查明确胰腺假性囊肿的诊断。行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术的31例,术后囊肿感染发生率为9.7%（3/31）,消化道出血发生率为3.2%（1/31）,无死亡病例。行囊肿胃吻合术的16例,术后囊肿感染发生率为12.5%（2/16）,消化道出血发生率为37.5%（6/16）,病死率为6.25%（1/16）。行序贯式囊肿外、内引流术的15例,术后囊肿感染发生率为6.7%（1/15）,消化道出血发生率为13.3%（2/15）,无死亡者。
结论：囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术是安全有效的术式;对适宜行囊肿胃吻合术的囊肿,建议行序贯式囊肿外、内引流术。     

胰腺内分泌肿瘤的外科治疗

目的:探讨胰腺内分泌肿瘤的临床特点和外科治疗方法。
方法:对收治的胰腺内分泌肿瘤33例患者的临床资料进行回顾性。
结果:33例中胰岛素瘤18例,无功能性胰岛细胞瘤9例,胃泌素瘤4例,胰高血糖素瘤2例。其中29例进行根治行切除,4例因肿瘤无法切除而放弃手术,总手术切除率为87.8%,术后发生胰瘘5例,肠梗阻2例,无住院期间死亡病例。26例平均随访时间为（4.7±3.5）年（9个月至14年）,其中恶性14例患者总的1年和3年生存率为71.4%和50.0%,在随访期间19例良性患者全部存活。
结论:手术切除是胰腺内分泌肿瘤最为理想的治疗方法。术前定性及术中定位尤为重要,术中胰腺探查结合术中B超是定位的关键。选择合适的术式有助于避免术后并发症的发生。

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Median pancreatectomy for tumors of the neck and body of the pancreas

Background: When enucleation is too risky because of possible damage of the main pancreatic duct, benign tumors located in the neck or body of the pancreas are usually removed by a left (spleno)-pancreatectomy or by a pancreatoduodenectomy. But standard pancreatic resection results in an important loss of normal pancreatic parenchyma and may cause impairment of exocrine and endocrine function. The aim of this study was to evaluate early and longterm results of median pancreatectomy, a limited resection of the midportion of the pancreas, in selected patients with benign or borderline tumors of the pancreas.

Study Design: Records of patients at Ospedale Busonera between November 1985 and September 1998 were reviewed. Ten patients with tumors of the neck or body of the pancreas underwent median pancreatectomy; the cephalic stump was sutured and the distal stump was anastomosed with a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop. Followup included clinical evaluation and routine laboratory tests: abdominal ultrasonography, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function with fecal chymotrypsin, and an oral glucose tolerance test.

Results: Pathologic examination showed: insulinoma (n = 3), mucinous cystadenoma (n = 3), nonfunctioning endocrine tumor (n = 1), papillary-cystic neoplasm (n = 1), serous cystadenoma (n = 1), and intraductal mucinous tumor (n = 1). Operative mortality and morbidity were 0% and 40%, respectively; pancreatic fistula occurred in three patients. At mean followup of 62.7 months, no recurrence was found and no patient had exocrine insufficiency or glucose metabolism impairment.

Conclusions: Median pancreatectomy is a safe and effective alternative to major pancreatic resection in selected patients with benign or low-malignant lesions of the pancreas. This procedure carries a surgical risk similar to that of the standard operation, but avoids extensive pancreatic resection and pancreatic function impairment.