细胞密度对结肠癌细胞整合素αγβ6表达和基质金属蛋白酶9分泌的影响

目的 探讨细胞密度对结肠癌细胞整合素αγβ6表达和基质会属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)分泌的影响. 方法用流式细胞仪榆测结肠癌细胞系WiDr和人正常角质细胞系HaCaT细胞株在高、低细胞密度培养条件下αγβ6表达的情况;用Biotrak MMP-9测定仪和明胶酶谱法分别测定不同的结肠癌细胞WiDr和SW480细胞株在高、低密度培养条件下MMP-9的活性和分泌水平. 结果表达αγβ6的结肠癌WiDr细胞出现细胞密度依赖的αγβ6表达增加,而正常角质细胞系HaCaT细胞在高、低密度培养条件下αγβ6表达无改变.Biotrak MMP-9活性分析显示,每个表达αγβ6的WiDr细胞和SW480β6细胞的MMP-9分泌量在高密度培养条件下分别是(3.3±1.2)×10-7-ng和(27.2±3.0)×10-7ng,在低密度培养条件下分别足(1.8±0.7)×10-7ng和(10.9±2.0)×10-7ng,而每个缺乏αγβ6表达的SW480 wild细胞在高、低细胞密度培养条件下分别足(3.9±1.7)×10-7ng和(3.8±0.7)×10-7ng,MMP-9分泌水平无明显变化(t=0.47,P＞0.05).明胶酶谱分析显示SW480 β6细胞的MMP-9活性水平在高密度培养时比低密度培养明显增加,而SW480 wild和HaCaT细胞的MMP-9活性水平无明显改变.结论 细胞高密度诱导结肠癌细胞αγβ6表达,促进MMP-9的分泌,构成了癌细胞永生化侵袭浸润性生长的基础.     

人结肠癌细胞中高尔基磷蛋白3表达与Wnt信号通路的关系

目的:探讨人结肠癌细胞中高尔基磷蛋白3(GOLPH3)基因表达与Wnt信号通路活性的关系。方法:用RT-PCR方法检测4种人结肠癌细胞(HCT116、HT29、SW480、SW620)中GOLPH3mRNA的表达,选取GOLPH3高表达的细胞株行GOLPH3基因干扰,用RT-PCR检测干扰效果,然后用TOPFlash报告基因、平板克隆实验、Western blot法分别检测干扰后细胞Wnt信号通路活性、增殖活性以及GOLPH3与β-catenin表达的变化。结果:4种结肠癌细胞中SW620细胞的GOLPH3mRNA相对表达量最高;SW620细胞转染GOLPH3siRNA后GOLPH3 mRNA的相对表达量明显降低(P0.001);与未处理的SW620细胞比较,转染GOLPH3siRNA的SW620细胞Wnt通路转录活性明显降低(0.342 vs.1.000,P0.001)、癌细胞集落形成数明显减少(82.333 vs.207.333,P0.001)、GOLPH3与β-catenin蛋白表达均明显降低(0.260 vs.1.00;0.182 vs.1.00,均P0.001)。结论:人结肠癌细胞中GOLPH3的高表达可增加Wnt/β-catenin细胞信号通路活性,从而促进细胞增殖。结肠肿瘤;高尔基磷蛋白3;Wnt信号通路     

TMPRSS4在结肠直肠癌中高表达并影响结肠癌细胞的增殖及迁移能力

目的:探讨TMPRSS4基因对结肠癌细胞增殖及迁移的影响。方法 :采用免疫组化方法检测结肠直肠癌组织和正常肠上皮中TMPRSS4的表达,并应用RT-PCR和Western印迹法检测结肠癌细胞株中TMPRSS4的表达,通过RNAi方法下调结肠癌细胞SW480中TMPRSS4的表达后,进一步采用CCK-8法、细胞划痕和transwell迁移试验检测细胞增殖、运动及迁移能力的改变。通过流式细胞仪检测TMPRSS4下调后对细胞凋亡的影响。结果:结肠直肠癌高表达TMPRSS4;肠癌细胞株SW480在mRNA及蛋白水平均高表达TMPRSS4。下调TMPRSS4能抑制SW480的增殖能力(P<0.05),并诱导细胞凋亡增加(P<0.05)。此外,下调TMPRSS4降低SW480细胞的迁移能力(P<0.05)。结论:在高表达细胞株中下调TMPRSS4有助于抑制肠癌细胞增殖,增加细胞凋亡并降低细胞的迁移能力。     

PAC-1|L-OHP单用及联合用药对人结肠癌细胞的抑制作用

目的观察体外单用及两者联合应用半胱天冬酶原活化复合物-1(PAC-1)和奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对人结肠腺癌细胞株HCT116、SW480、HT-29,SW116和SW620的生长抑制作用。方法 MTT法检测两药单用和合用前后对细胞增殖活性的影响。结果 PAC-1和L-OHP单用对5种人结肠癌细胞均有明显的诱导凋亡和增殖抑制作用,并呈时间和浓度依赖性;PAC-1对上述细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)之间无统计学差异(P0.05),L-OHP对上述细胞的的IC50值有统计学意义(P0.05)。PAC-1与L-OHP联用(同时给药)产生拮抗作用(CI(1)。结论 PAC-1与L-OHP单用均对人结肠腺癌细胞有抑制作用,但各细胞株对两药的敏感性不同,两者联合应用(同时给药)起拮抗作用。     

hTERT|CEA及CMV启动子在人结肠癌细胞株中的转录活性比较

目的：比较人端粒酶催化亚单位（hTERT）,癌胚抗原（CEA）及巨细胞病毒（CMV）启动子在人结肠癌细胞株LoVo和SW480中的转录活性。 方法：设计引物应用PCR法从人结肠癌基因组中克隆hTERT和CEA启动子;用双酶切和PCR法切除原始载体pLVX-EGFP-3FLAG中的CMV启动子后,将hTERT,CEA启动子与该载体重组,构建出重组质粒pLVX-hTERTp-EGFP-3FLAG和pLVX-CEAp-EGFP-3FLAG;将上述两种质粒及原始载体（含CMV启动子）分别瞬时转染人结肠癌细胞株LoVo和SW480后,检测两种细胞株绿色荧光蛋白表达。 结果：经PCR,酶切及测序鉴定,克隆及载体构建完全正确。CMV,hTERT及CEA启动子的转录活性（绿色荧光细胞数/总细胞数）在LoVo细胞中依次为54.7%,33.0%,9.5%;在SW480中依次为16.5%,10.1%,8.5%,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论：在人结肠癌细胞株中,转录活性以CMV启动子最高,hTERT启动子次之,CEA启动子最低。该结果可为结肠癌的靶向性基因治疗研究提供参考。

     

脂肪量和肥胖相关基因在结肠癌组织的表达及生物学功能

目的探讨脂肪量和肥胖相关基因(FTO)在结肠癌组织的表达及其生物学功能。方法采用实时定量聚合酶链反应检测并分析FTO在结肠癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达特征及临床意义。利用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术构建FTO稳定下调表达的结肠癌细胞株SW620和Caco-2,通过细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)细胞增殖实验、划痕实验进一步研究FTO下调表达对结肠癌细胞株生物学行为的影响。结果结肠癌组织中FTO的mRNA表达水平显著高于癌旁正常组织(t=10.310,P<0.01);FTO mRNA在肠癌细胞中的表达水平显著高于正常肠上皮细胞株(HT-29为,t=18.730,P<0.01;HCT-116为,t=3.700,P<0.05;SW620为,t=4.060,P<0.05;LoVo为,t=5.580,P<0.01;SW48为,t=16.640,P<0.01;DLD-1为,t=7.260,P<0.01;Caco-2为,t=9.640,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。CCK-8增殖实验结果显示,LV-FTO-shRNA组中结肠癌细胞的增殖能力低于shNC组(SW620,24 h为,t=4.660,P<0.01,48 h为,t=3.760,P<0.01,72 h为,t=3.370,P<0.05;Caco-2,24 h为,t=3.680,P<0.05,48 h为,t=3.630,P<0.05,72 h为,t=4.180,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义;划痕试验结果显示,划痕24 h后,LV-FTO-shRNA组的无细胞区域显著宽于LV-NC组(SW620为,t=34.070,P<0.01;Caco-2为,t=31.680,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。结论FTO在结肠癌组织及结肠癌细胞株中高表达,FTO的下调表达显著抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖和迁移能力,提示FTO异常表达是促进结肠癌进展的重要因素。     

多种人结肠癌5-氟尿嘧啶耐药细胞株的建立及耐药机制初步研究

目的:通过建立多种5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)耐药的人结肠癌细胞株,探讨耐药的结肠癌细胞的生物学特性与耐药机制。方法:选用人结肠癌HT-29、LoVo和SW480细胞,通过高浓度5-FU反复接触结合药物浓度递增法建立耐药株HT-29/5-FU、LoVo/5-FU和SW480/5-FU。不同浓度5-FU作用所建立的耐药细胞株及其亲本细胞后,分别用MTT法、流式细胞术、qRT-PCR、Westernblot检测细胞对5-FU的敏感性、周期分布、耐药相关分子[P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、多药耐药相关蛋白1(MRP1)、ATP结合盒超家族G成员2(ABCG2)]及第十号染色体缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)与蛋白激酶B(Akt)的mRNA和蛋白的表达,并用Akt活性检测试剂盒检测细胞Akt活性。结果:与各自的亲本细胞比较,构建的HT-29/5-FU、LoVo/5-FU和SW480/5-FU对5-FU的IC50均明显升高(均P0.05),耐药指数分别为7.213、5.849和15.940。随着5-FU处理浓度的升高,亲本细胞和耐药细胞G0/G1期细胞数量均明显增加(均P0.05),但同一浓度5-FU处理下,各耐药株G0/G1期细胞数量均明显少于其对应亲本株(均P0.05)。与各自的亲本细胞比较,对应耐药株的P-gp、MRP1、ABCG2、Akt的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显升高,而PTEN表达均明显降低(均P0.05),且Akt活性均明显提高(均P0.05)。结论:成功建立了结肠癌5-FU耐药细胞株,其耐药机制可能与PTEN下调所致的PI3K/Akt降低PI3K/Akt通路活化有关。     

上调基因-4对结肠癌细胞增殖的影响

目的 探讨上调基因-4(URG-4)对结肠癌细胞增殖的影响.方法 筛选高表达URG-4的结肠癌细胞.构建URG-4基因siRNA的逆转录病毒载体及阴性对照,经PT67细胞包装后,获得可表达人URG-4基因siRNA逆转录病毒及阴性对照.RT-PCR和Western blot法检测MKN45、SW480、LoVo、HCT116、HT29细胞中URG-4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平,筛选稳定转染细胞株.分别使用重组病毒(干扰组)、原始病毒(阴性对照组)和等量PBS(空白对照组)转染结肠癌LoVo细胞.MTT法检测各组结肠癌LoVo细胞生长情况.计量资料比较采用单因素方差分析和t检验.结果 测序结果证实表达siRNA的逆转录病毒成功构建.URG-4 mRNA在MKN45、SW480、LoVo、HCT116和HT29细胞中的相对表达量分别为0.58±0.02、0.63 +0.03、0.81±0.01、1.01±0.02和0.91±0.04;URG-4蛋白相对表达量分别为0.73±0.02、0.85士0.03、1.42 +0.01、0.80 +0.03和0.80+0.04.结肠癌LoVo细胞高表达URG-4.干扰组中URG-4 mRNA表达为0.55±0.03,显著低于阴性对照组的1.15±0.02和空白对照组的1.15±0.01(t=-5.179,-9.285,P＜0.05).干扰组URG-4 mRNA的抑制率为52.6％.干扰组中URG-4蛋白表达为0.82 +0.05,显著低于阴性对照组的1.46士0.07和空白对照组的1.54 ±0.04(t=-4.239,-3.704,P＜0.05).干扰组URG-4蛋白的抑制率为43.6％.各组结肠癌LoVo细胞呈指数生长.与阴性对照组比较,第3～6天干扰组细胞增殖受到明显抑制,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.436,-6.045,-6.434,-4.285,P＜0.05).结论 干扰URG-4表达能够抑制LoVo细胞的生长.     

C/EBPα在结肠直肠癌的表达及对癌细胞的作用

目的:检测C/EBPα在结肠直肠癌中的表达情况,探讨下调C/EBPα表达对结肠癌细胞增殖、凋亡以及细胞周期的影响。方法:利用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学技术检测C/EBPα在结肠直肠癌组织及相邻正常组织中的表达,分析C/EBPα表达与临床病理特征的关系。用Western印迹法筛选C/EBPα,发现SW620为高表达C/EBPα肠癌细胞株。通过RNA干扰技术下调结肠癌细胞株SW620中C/EBPα表达后,利用CCK8和流式分析技术检测SW620细胞增殖、凋亡和细胞周期的变化。结果:C/EBPα在结肠直肠癌组织中高表达,且与肿瘤浸润深度有关(P<0.05),促进SW620细胞凋亡(P     

不可逆电穿孔对结肠癌细胞疗效和作用机制的体内外实验研究

目的:探讨不可逆电穿孔(IRE)在体内外模型中对结肠癌细胞生长抑制的作用机制及有效性。方法:对不同分化程度的结肠癌细胞株HCT116、SW480、SW620、LoVo进行电击处理,通过二乙酸荧光素(FDA)-碘化丙锭(PI)双色荧光染色实验检测细胞活性,膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素(Annexin V-FITC)/PI双...     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.