高强度聚焦超声治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效分析

目的探讨高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效及安全性。方法对64例晚期胰腺癌进行HIFU治疗。结果 5例(7.8%)完全缓解(CR),20例(31.2%)部分缓解(PR),15例(23.4%)稳定(SD),有效率达62.4%;患者均未见明显不良反应。结论 HIFU治疗晚期胰腺癌有一定疗效,安全性高,患者无痛苦、并发症,值得临床进一步观察研究。     

循环应用CAG和IA方案治疗老年急性髓性白血病的临床观察

目的:观察循环应用CAG、IA方案治疗老年初治急性髓性白血病(AML)的疗效及不良反应.方法:25例老年初治AML患者分为CAG、IA循环化疗组(Ⅰ组)以及常规方案化疗组(Ⅱ组),Ⅰ组10例患者给予CAG方案治疗,如达不到完全缓解原方案再次治疗,完全缓解后给予IA方案化疗.间歇1个月后再循环应用CAG、IA方案化疗;Ⅱ组15例患者予常规柔红霉素(DNR)+阿糖胞苷(DA)或米托蒽醌+阿糖胞苷(MA)方案化疗,完全缓解后应用DA、MA、HA和IA等方案化疗.结果:Ⅰ组2个周期完全缓解率为60%(6/10),总有效率达到80%(8/10),而Ⅱ组2个周期的完全缓解率仅为26.7%(4/15),总有效率为53.3%(8/15);Ⅰ组无化疗相关死亡病例,Ⅱ组化疗相关死亡率为20%.结论:循环应用CAG、IA方案治疗老年初治AML患者较传统常规化疗方案治疗具有完全缓解率及2年生存率高,毒副反应小的优点.     

氩氦刀靶向冷冻联合全身化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

为了探讨经皮肺穿刺氩氦刀靶向冷冻消融术联合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效及对机体免疫功能的影响,将40例不能手术切除的NSCLC患者随机分为对照组20例(单纯化疗组)和实验组20例(氩氦刀加化疗组)。对照组仅给予全身化疗,实验组在氩氦刀治疗的基础上联合化疗。实验组有效率为80%(16/20),完全缓解率为20%(4/20);对照组有效率为45%(9/20),完全缓解率为0;实验组治疗后T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比例较治疗前明显增高(P<0.05),对照组治疗后T淋巴细胞亚群无明显改变。初步研究结果提示,经皮穿刺氩氦刀靶向冷冻消融联合化疗比单纯化疗治疗中晚期NSCLC临床疗效好,而且可以调动和激发患者自身的免疫功能。     

重组人p53腺病毒注射液治疗晚期卵巢癌的疗效观察

目的探讨重组人p53腺病毒注射液治疗晚期卵巢癌的近期疗效。方法 2009年5月至2010年12月间收治的20例晚期卵巢癌患者给予重组人p53腺病毒注射液局部或全身治疗±化疗±热疗治疗,每2个月评价疗效。结果随访12个月,20例晚期卵巢癌中,完全缓解(CR)4例(20.0%),部分缓解(PR)9例(45.0%),稳定(SD)5例(25.0%),进展(PD)2例(10.0%)。18例恶性胸、腹腔积液患者中,CR 5例(27.8%),PR 7例(38.9%),SD 6例(33.3%)。患者总体不良反应轻微,Ⅰ~Ⅱ度自限性发热12例。结论重组人p53腺病毒注射液联合化疗治疗晚期卵巢癌患者疗效好,不良反应可控。     

蒽环类联合紫杉类方案在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的有效性及安全性评价

目的探讨蒽环类联合紫杉类方案在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的有效性及安全性。方法收集2005年6月至2014年10月接受蒽环类联合紫杉类方案新辅助化疗的早期或局晚期乳腺癌192例患者的临床资料,探讨化疗方案的疗效以及安全性,并分析影响病理完全缓解的相关因素。结果 192例患者均可评价疗效,有效率为84.9%(163/192),病理完全缓解率为20.3%(39/192),其中HR(+)/HER-2(-)组为8.5%(10/118)、HR(-)/HER-2(+)组为42.8%(6/14)、HR(+)/HER-2(+)组为25.0%(5/20)、HR(-)/HER-2(-)组为45.0%(18/40)。HR(-)组病理完全缓解率显著高于HR(+)组(P<0.001);在HR(-)组中,HR(-)/HER-2(+)与HR(-)/HER-2(-)组之间病理完全缓解率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,ER状态是影响病理完全缓解率的独立因素。主要的剂量限制性毒性为3、4级中性粒细胞减少(94.8%);非血液学毒性包括2、3级呕吐(6.2%),骨骼肌肉疼痛、麻木(14.1%),中性粒细胞缺乏性发热(16.7%),黏膜炎(2.1%)以及心脏毒性(5.7%)等。结论蒽环类联合紫杉类方案在乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效确切,不良反应可耐受,可作为乳腺癌新辅助化疗的优选方案。     

拓僖为主的联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的观察拓僖为主的化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效.方法使用拓僖 艾恒(奥沙利铂)方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者20例.结果完全缓解2例(10.0%),部分缓解6例(30.0%),总有效率(CR PR)为40.0%(8/20).结论拓僖为主的联合化疗方案可作为晚期难治性NSCLC患者化疗的选择方案之一.     

年轻子宫内膜癌患者孕激素保守治疗临床分析

目的:探讨年轻早期高分化子宫内膜癌患者孕激素保守治疗疗效、安全性、治疗后的妊娠率及复发率。方法:回顾性分析2001-01-01-2008-12-31在北京协和医院行孕激素保守治疗的24例年轻子宫内膜样癌患者临床病理资料,并随访患者的治疗结果。结果:24例患者中,3例患者治疗3个月后均行腹腔镜下全子宫及双附件切除(LH+BSO),继续治疗的21例患者中15例(71.4%)患者完全缓解,3例(14.3%)患者部分缓解,3例(14.3%)患者无效。达完全缓解的中位时间为6个月(3~12个月)。醋酸甲羟孕酮(MPA)组和醋酸甲地孕酮(MA)组的完全缓解率分别为76.9%(10/13)和62.5%(5/8),差异无统计学意义,P=0.325。10例有近期生育要求的患者中4例(40.0%)妊娠成功。3例(20.0%)患者完全缓解后复发。结论:对于年轻高分化子宫内膜样癌患者,保留生育功能的孕激素治疗是可行的,但应行全面评估。完全缓解后积极的辅助生育技术可提高妊娠率。因有一定的复发率,完全缓解后应严密随访。     

氟达拉滨为主方案治疗复发难治性惰性非霍奇金淋巴瘤20例

目的 观察氟达拉滨为主方案治疗少见、复发、难治惰性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的疗效及患者不良反应.方法 对20例少见、复发、难治性惰性NHL分别采用FMD(氟达拉滨+米托蒽醌+地塞米松)方案7例,FC(氟达拉滨联合环磷酰胺)方案8例和单用氟达拉滨5例,按照WHO疗效和不良反应评价标准进行临床评估.结果 20例患者中达完全缓解8例(40%),部分缓解9例(45%),有效率为85%.Ⅲ级以上不良反应:中性粒细胞减少共16例(80%),血小板减少共5例(25%),严重恶心、呕吐4例,轻度肝功能损害1例.结论氟达拉滨为主方案治疗少见、复发、难治性惰性NHL安全、疗效好、不良反应轻,氟达拉滨作为惰性NHL的一线治疗药物值得临床推广应用.     

维甲酸、化疗、低剂量肝素防治急性早幼粒细胞性白血病并DIC20例

目的:总结维甲酸、化疗、低剂量肝素合用治疗急性早幼粒细胞性白血病(APL)并弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)的疗效。方法:20例并发DIC的APL患者,采用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)、适量化疗诱导分化至完全缓解(CR),同时予以小剂量肝素。结果:APL的完全缓解率达86%,平均缓解时间达37.4天。DIC的有效率达76.5%。结论:维甲酸、化疗、低分子肝素合用治疗急性早幼粒细胞性白血病并DIC疗效明显,值得临床推广使用。     

经皮穿刺碘油-EADM注射治疗肾上腺转移瘤

目的:探讨经皮穿刺碘油-表阿霉素EADM注射治疗肾上腺转移瘤的效果。方法:对12例肾上腺转移瘤患者在B超、CT引导下定位穿刺,注射碘油-EADM的混悬液,EADM20mg~40mg,共4次。结果:12例患者完全缓解(CR)41.66%(5/12),部分缓解(PR)41.66%(5/12),稳定(SD)8.33%(1/12),进展(PD)8.33%(1/12),总有效率(CR PR)83.33%。结论:经皮穿刺碘油-EADM注射治疗肾上腺转移瘤不失为临床可选用的治疗手段。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Second-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-ifosfamide in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide.

In an effort to use antineoplastic drug combinations which are active in platinum resistant ovarian cancer or which can induce a second response after a platinum first-line treatment, we conducted a study on 30 ovarian cancer patients previously treated with carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide who were given ifosfamide 5 g/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 plus mesma combined with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 every 4 weeks as second-line treatment. Eight patients had never entered remission with first-line chemotherapy while 22 patients had tumor recurrence within 6 to 18 months after the end of chemotherapy and their tumors were considered potentially platinum sensitive. Responding patients received 6 courses while palliative treatment for nonresponders was provided. Of the 22 patients with tumor recurrence, 8 patients responded with one partial response (PR) and 7 complete clinical responses (CCR). Two out of the 8 patients with platinum resistant disease demonstrated short lasting PR. Seven patients with CCR underwent second-look operation and in two a pathological CR was documented. Median time to progression was 6 mo (4-12). The median overall survival was 12 mo (4-20). Myelotoxicity despite G-CSF administration was significant with grade 4 leukopenia in 40% and grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 20% of patients. Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity was significant with 30% somnolence, 20% disorientation and an episode of grand-mal epilepsy ascribed to ifosfamide. With a 33% response rate the combination is as effective as new agents employed in relapsed ovarian cancer. Platinum-refractory disease may respond to a lesser degree. The most important determinant of response was the progression-free interval from first-line chemotherapy. Whether patients recurring after carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide have a greater chance to respond to cisplatin plus ifosfamide or vice-versa cannot be supported by the current data and therefore randomized studies should be performed to this end.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs