Amylase-producing lung cancer

A bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of lung associated with hyperamylasemia occurring in a 40-year-old woman is described. Another 13 cases of such a tumor from the English literature are reviewed. A majority of the lung tumors associated with hyperamylasemia were adenocarcinomas. When the amylase isoenzymes were determined, the amylase appeared to be salivary-gland type (S-type). Electron microscopic studies had revealed membrane-bound electron-dense granules within the tumor cells.     

肺癌耐药相关基因在肺癌组织和肺癌细胞株中的表达

背景与目的：我们已经通过抑制消减杂交技术发现了一条新的长494bp的肺癌耐药相关基因片段,并克隆了它的全长cDNA序列。本研究旨在研究该肺癌耐药相关基因（lung cancer drug resistance-related gene,LCDRG）在肺癌组织、癌旁组织及5种肺癌细胞株中的表达。方法：应用半定量RT－PCR检测38例肺癌组织、12例癌旁组织和5种肺癌细胞株中该基因的表达。结果：肺癌组织中LCDRG mRNA的表达明显高于癌旁组织（P＜0．001）,但在肺腺癌和鳞癌之间差异无统计学意义。该基因在肺腺癌细胞株SPC－A－1和A549、大细胞肺癌细胞株H460、小细胞肺癌细胞株H446和SH77中的表达依次递减。结论：LCDRG是一条肺癌相关基因,该基因可能与肺癌的发生、发展密切相关。     

Non-small-cell lung cancer

Molecular targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy or thoracic radiotherapy has been studied in clinical trials. Gefitinib or erlotinib in combination with standard chemotherapy did not improve efficacy on survival over standard chemotherapy alone in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC. On the other hand, bevacizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy improved survival in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC, excluding squamous cell carcinoma. Multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with standard chemotherapy, and anti-EGFR antibodies and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with thoracic radiotherapy, are under clinical trials.     

Monoclonal antibody that distinguishes small-cell lung cancer from non-small-cell lung cancer

To examine whether a monoclonal antibody, TFS-4, can distinguish small-cell lung cancer from non-small-cell lung cancers, an extensive survey of fresh lung tumors, cancers from other organs, and normal tissue specimens has been carried out. The antibody has been shown to react specifically with small-cell lung cancer (15 of 15) but not with squamous cell carcinoma (0 of 20), adenocarcinoma (0 of 20) of the lung, or large-cell lung cancer (0 of 2). It reacted neither with other malignancies, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and malignant lymphoma, nor with such normal tissues as trachea, lung, liver, pancreas, colon, kidney, spleen, skin, striated muscle, bone marrow, or peripheral blood cells. Interestingly, the antibody cross-reacted with central nervous tissues. The antigenic determinant on small-cell lung cancer and that on human brain were both heat labile and trypsin sensitive, but resisted treatment with neuraminidase, suggesting that they represent similar peptides. TFS-4 may be of clinical use in the diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer, while the antigen may help investigate the nature and origin of small-cell lung cancer.     

Notch in lung development and lung cancer

Although data regarding the role of the Notch pathway in human lung cancer are still limited, fetal lung developmental studies suggest that Notch signaling plays a critical role in regulating airway epithelial development. The moderate hypotrophic phenotype of lungs from animals bearing a Hes1 mutation, and the expression of Notch components in the distal lung bud during branching morphogenesis, together suggest that Notch may play a role in normal lung growth, especially in Clara cell precursors. Non-small cell lung cancers, including adenocarcinoma, appear to actively utilize this conserved developmental pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of the Notch pathway is a potential experimental approach to lung cancer treatment.     

Met in lung cancer

Receptor tyrosine kinases play important roles in the biology of many tumor cell types. In approximately 10% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients mutational activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) results in tumor cells that are exquisitely addicted to signaling by this receptor.¹ Thus expression of mutant active EGFR but in general not wild-type EGFR predisposes NSCLC cells to inhibitors of EGFR/ErbB2. Use of EGFR inhibitory agents such as gefitinib for this subset of NSCLC patients causes tumor regression and disease stabilization for 12–18 mo, after which tumor cells become resistant to the drug.² Initial studies identified a second mutation within the EGFR, which results in the resistance of the tyrosine kinase to gefitinib, as a major cause of reduced tumor control.³ This has resulted in the development of newer EGFR inhibitors, e.g., afatinib, which inhibited double mutant EGFR.⁴ In a subset of these patients, however, resistance to gefitinib was not associated with EGFR mutations.⁵ Clearly, other mechanisms of gefitinib resistance must be at play.     

蛋白质组学与肺癌

细胞从正常状态转化为肿瘤的过程中,细胞内的蛋白质表达谱将会发生一系列的变化,蛋白质组学的技术可以从细胞或组织的整体水平上检测到这种变化,并鉴定了一批肿瘤相关蛋白,为肺癌的早期诊断、药物靶点的发现及治疗提供了重要依据。     

趋化因子与肺癌

趋化因子是一类趋化细胞定向移动的小分子蛋白,在肺癌中,趋化因子参与调节肿瘤细胞的生长、肿瘤内血管生成、抗肿瘤免疫及诱导远处转移的过程。趋化因子参与了肺癌进展,为肺癌的治疗提供了新的靶点。     

趋化因子与肺癌

趋化因子与其相应的受体作用,广泛参与生物活动及病理过程。研究发现多种肿瘤细胞都过表达功能性的趋化因子。在肺癌中,趋化因子参与了其增殖、凋亡、侵袭和转移等过程。肺癌过表达的趋化因子及其受体,可作为明确的靶向目标进行针对性的抗肿瘤治疗。     

肺癌的化学预防

虽然近年来肺癌治疗已经取得了很大进展,但5年生存率依然不高.因此,有效的化学预防比肺癌的治疗更有意义.化学预防在肺癌以外的肿瘤中已经得到应用.在肺癌化学预防领域也对很多物质进行了研究,有些显示预防效果很好.     

Screening for lung cancer

This review will comprise a general overview of the epidemiology of lung cancer, as well as lung cancer risk factors, screening modalities, current guideline recommendations for screening, and our approach to lung cancer screening.     

蛋白质组学与肺癌

细胞从正常状态转化为肿瘤的过程中,细胞内的蛋白质表达谱将会发生一系列的变化,蛋白质组学的技术可以从细胞或组织的整体水平上检测到这种变化,并鉴定了一批肿瘤相关蛋白,为肺癌的早期诊断、药物靶点的发现及治疗提供了重要依据.     

Brachytherapy in lung cancer

Brachytherapy, the direct application of a radioactive isotope into the tumor bed, delivers a high dose to the tumor as compared to the surrounding normal tissue. Interstitial brachytherapy, the placement of the isotope into a tumor bed where no lumen exists, has been described but is utilized infrequently in clinical practice. Endobronchial brachytherapy, the placement of the source within the airway lumen, as a boost to conventional external beam radiation has not yet demonstrated improved local tumor control or overall survival as compared to external beam alone in the definitive treatment of inoperable lung cancer. In the palliative setting, brachytherapy can provide prompt relief of obstructive symptoms and hemoptysis in the majority of patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 1998:67:60–70.©1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

骨桥蛋白与肺癌

 骨桥蛋白（OPN）是一种磷酸化糖蛋白，是骨骼和牙齿矿化细胞外基质的主要组成成分。它不仅参与骨的吸收与形成，而且与肿瘤的浸润、转移密切相关，甚至有人认为，它既是肿瘤诊断的标志物，又可作为监测肿瘤预后的指标。对骨桥蛋白与肺癌的浸润、转移及预后的关联予以综述。     

血管内皮生长因子-C与肺癌

血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)可以与血管及淋巴管内皮上的特异性受体结合,加速肺癌的形成及转移.同时对恶性胸腔积液的生成、免疫调节因子的表达也有着特殊作用.目前国内外研究均显示VEGF-C的抑制有望成为治疗肺癌的新靶点.