Carrier-free prodrug nanoparticles based on dasatinib and cisplatin for efficient antitumor in vivo

Carrier-free drug self-delivery systems consisting of amphiphilic drug-drug conjugate (ADDC) with well-defined structure and nanoscale features have drawn much attention in tumor drug delivery. Herein, we report a simple and effective strategy to prepare ADDC using derivatives of cisplatin (CP) and dasatinib (DAS), which further self-assembled to form reduction-responsive nanoparticles (CP-DDA NPs). DAS was modified with succinic anhydride and then connected with CP derivative by ester bonds. The size, micromorphology and in vitro drug release of CP-DDA NPs were characterized. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of these carrier-free nanoparticles were then investigated by HepG2 cells and H22-tumor bearing mice. In vitro and in vivo experiments proved that CP-DDA NPs had excellent anti-tumor activity and significantly reduced toxicities. This study provides a new strategy to design the carrier-free nanomedicine composed of CP and DAS for synergistic tumor treatment.     

Self-delivering prodrug-nanoassemblies fabricated by disulfide bond bridged oleate prodrug of docetaxel for breast cancer therapy

Breast cancer leads to high mortality of women in the world. Docetaxel (DTX) has been widely applied as one of the first-line chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer therapy. However, the clinical outcome of DTX is far from satisfaction due to its poor drug delivery efficiency. Herein, a novel disulfide bond bridged oleate prodrug of DTX was designed and synthesized to construct self-delivering prodrug-based nanosystem for improved anticancer efficacy of DTX. The uniquely engineered prodrug-nanoassemblies showed redox-responsive drug release, increased cellular uptake and comparable cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells when compared with free DTX. In vivo, oleate prodrug-based nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrated significantly prolonged systemic circulation and increased accumulation in tumor site. As a result, prodrug NPs produced a notable antitumor activity in 4T1 breast cancer xenograft in BALB/c mice. This prodrug-based self-assembly and self-delivery strategy could be utilized to improve the delivery efficiency of DTX for breast cancer treatment.     

Design,preparation and pharmacodynamics of ICG-Fe(Ⅲ) based HCPT nanocrystals against cancer

The use of nanocrystal technology to manufacture drug delivery systems intended to enhance therapeutic efficacy has attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry. However, the clinical application of nanocrystal drugs for injection is restricted by Ostwald ripening and the large-scale use of stabilizers such as polysorbate and lecithin, which have potential toxicity risks including hemolysis and allergies. Here, we designed an amorphous nanocrystal drug complex (IHNC), which is stabilizer-free and composed of indocyanine green (ICG) framework loading with a chemotherapeutic agent of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT). Considering the possibility of industrial manufacturing, IHNC was simply prepared with the assistance of ferric ion (III) via supramolecular assembly strategy. The theoretical result of Materials Studio simulation indicated that the prepared ICG-Fe(III) framework showed a stable spherical structure with the appropriate cavity for encapsulating the two drugs of HCPT and ICG with equal mass ratio. The IHNC was stable at physiological pH, with excellent PTT/PDT efficacy, and in vivo probing characteristics. The nanoscale size and reductive stimuli-responsiveness can be conducive to drug accumulation into the tumor site and rapid unloading of cargo. Moreover, such combination therapy showed synergistic photo/chemotherapy effect against 4T1 breast cancer and its tumor inhibition rate even up to 79.4%. These findings demonstrated that the nanocrystal drug delivery strategy could avoid the use of stabilizers and provide a new strategy for drug delivery for combination therapy.     

Manganese-containing polydopamine nanoparticles as theranostic agents for magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal/chemodynamic combined ferroptosis therapy treating gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Chemotherapy plays a key role in GC treatment, while inevitable drug resistance and systematic side effects hinder its clinical application. Fenton chemistry-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been used as a strategy for cancer ferroptosis, and the CDT efficiency could be enhanced by photothermal therapy (PTT). With the trend of treatment and diagnosis integration, the combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CDT/PTT exhibits enormous progress. Herein, we constructed a platform based on PEGylated manganese-containing polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, named as PEG-PDA@Mn (PP@Mn) NPs. The PP@Mn NPs were stable and globular. Furthermore, they demonstrated near-infrared (NIR)-triggered PTT and Fenton-like reaction-based CDT effects and T1-weighted MRI capabilities. According to in vitro studies, the PP@Mn NPs trigger ferroptosis in cancer cells by producing abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a Fenton-like reaction combined with PTT. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that, under MRI guidance, the PP@Mn NPs combined with the PTT at the tumor region, have CDT anti-tumor effect. In conclusion, the PP@Mn NPs could provide an effective strategy for CDT/PTT synergistic ferroptosis therapy for GC.     

Pure photosensitizer-driven nanoassembly with core-matched PEGylation for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy

Pure drug-assembled nanomedicines (PDANs) are currently under intensive investigation as promising nanoplatforms for cancer therapy. However, poor colloidal stability and less tumor-homing ability remain critical unresolved problems that impede their clinical translation. Herein, we report a core-matched nanoassembly of pyropheophorbide a (PPa) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Pure PPa molecules are found to self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs), and an amphiphilic PEG polymer (PPa-PEG_2K) is utilized to achieve core-matched PEGylating modification via the π‒π stacking effect and hydrophobic interaction between the PPa core and the PPa-PEG_2K shell. Compared to PCL-PEG_2K with similar molecular weight, PPa-PEG_2K significantly increases the stability, prolongs the systemic circulation and improves the tumor-homing ability and ROS generation efficiency of PPa-nanoassembly. As a result, PPa/PPa-PEG_2K NPs exert potent antitumor activity in a 4T1 breast tumor-bearing BALB/c mouse xenograft model. Together, such a core-matched nanoassembly of pure photosensitizer provides a new strategy for the development of imaging-guided theragnostic nanomedicines.     

Nucleobase-crosslinked poly(2-oxazoline) nanoparticles as paclitaxel carriers with enhanced stability and ultra-high drug loading capacity for breast cancer therapy

Poly(2-oxazoline)(POx) has been regarded as a potential candidate for drug delivery carrier to meet the challenges of nanomedicine clinical translation, due to its excellent biocompatibility and self-assembly properties. The drug loading capacity and stability of amphiphilic POxs as drug nanocarriers, however, tend to be insufficient. Herein, we report a strategy to prepare nucleobase-crosslinked POx nanoparticles(NPs) with enhanced stability and ultra-high paclitaxel(PTX) loading capacity for b...     

Dual-Targeting Nanoparticles: Codelivery of Curcumin and 5-Fluorouracil for Synergistic Treatment of Hepatocarcinoma

Chemotherapy has been the standard for cancer therapy, but the nonspecific cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents and drug resistance of tumor cells has limited its efficacy. However, multidrug combination therapy and targeting therapy have resulted in enhanced anticancer effects and have become increasingly important strategies in clinical applications. In this study, a biotin-/lactobionic acid–modified poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (BLPP) copolymer was synthesized, and curcumin- and 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanoparticles (BLPPNPs/C + F) were prepared to enhance the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Blank BLPPNPs were shown to have great biocompatibility via both in vitro and in vivo studies. Good targeting of tumor cells of BLPPNPs was confirmed by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and biodistribution. The synergistic anticancer effects of BLPPNPs/C + F were demonstrated by cytotoxicity and animal studies, while western blotting was used to further verify the synergistic effect of curcumin and 5-fluorouracil. The dual-targeting and drug-loaded codelivery nanosystem demonstrated higher cellular uptake and stronger cytotoxicity for tumor cells. Therefore, these dual-targeting NPs are a promising codelivery carrier that could be made available for cellular targeting of anticancer drugs to achieve better intracellular delivery and synergistic anticancer efficacy.     

GSH-responsive poly-resveratrol based nanoparticles for effective drug delivery and reversing multidrug resistance

Cancer poses a serious threat to human health and is the most common cause of human death. Polymer-based nanomedicines are presently used to enhance the treatment effectiveness and decrease the systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. However, the disadvantage of currently polymeric carriers is without therapy procedure. Herein, for the first time, glutathione (GSH)-responsive polymer (PRES) with anti-cancer effect was synthesized following the condensation–polymerization method using resveratrol (RES) and 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid. PRES can not only suppress the tumor cells growth but can also self-assemble into nanoparticles (∼93 nm) for delivering antitumor drugs, such as paclitaxel (PTX@PRES NPs). The system could achieve high drug loading (∼7%) and overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). The results from the in vitro studies revealed that the NPs formed of PRES were stable in the systemic circulation, while could be efficiently degraded in tumor cells high GSH environment. Results from cytotoxicity tests confirmed that PTX@PRES NPs could effectively suppress the growth of cancer cells (A549) and drug-resistant cells (A549/PTX). The NPs could also be used to significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs in A549/PTX tumor-bearing mice. In vivo investigations also demonstrated that the PRES-based NPs exhibited tumor inhibition effects. In summary, we report that the GSH-responsive polymer synthesized by us exhibited multiple interesting functions and could be used for effective drug delivery. The polymer exhibited good therapeutic effects and could be used to overcome MDR. Thus, the synthesized system can be used to develop a new strategy for treating cancer.     

Oxidation-strengthened disulfide-bridged prodrug nanoplatforms with cascade facilitated drug release for synergetic photochemotherapy

One of the major barriers in utilizing prodrug nanocarriers for cancer therapy is the slow release of parent drug in tumors. Tumor cells generally display the higher oxidative level than normal cells, and also displayed the heterogeneity in terms of redox homeostasis level. We previously found that the disulfide bond-linkage demonstrates surprising oxidation-sensitivity to form the hydrophilic sulfoxide and sulphone groups. Herein, we develop oxidation-strengthened prodrug nanosystem loaded with pyropheophorbide a (PPa) to achieve light-activatable cascade drug release and enhance therapeutic efficacy. The disulfide bond-driven prodrug nanosystems not only respond to the redox-heterogeneity in tumor, but also respond to the exogenous oxidant (singlet oxygen) elicited by photosensitizers. Once the prodrug nanoparticles (NPs) are activated under irradiation, they would undergo an oxidative self-strengthened process, resulting in a facilitated drug cascade release. The IC₅₀ value of the PPa@PTX-S-S NPs without irradiation was 2-fold higher than those of NPs plus irradiation. In vivo, the PPa@PTX prodrug NPs display prolonged systemic circulation and increased accumulation in tumor site. The PPa@PTX-S-S NPs showed much higher efficiency than free PTX or the PPa@PTX-C-C NPs to suppress the growth of 4T1 tumors. Therefore, this novel oxidation-strengthened disulfide-bridged prodrug-nanosystem has a great potential in the enhanced efficacy of cancer synergetic photochemotherapy.     

Tumor-targeted/reduction-triggered composite multifunctional nanoparticles for breast cancer chemo-photothermal combinational therapy

Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer type in the world. A combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. However, the intricacy of precise delivery and the ability to initiate drug release in specific tumor sites remains a challenging puzzle. Therefore, to ensure that the therapeutic agents are synchronously delivered to the tumor site for their synergistic effect, a multifunctional nanoparticle system (PCRHNs) is developed, which is grafted onto the prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) by reduction-responsive camptothecin (CPT) prodrug copolymer, and then modified with tumor-targeting peptide cyclo(Asp-d-Phe-Lys-Arg-Gly) (cRGD) and hyaluronic acid (HA). PCRHNs exhibited nano-sized structure with good monodispersity, high load efficiency of CPT, triggered CPT release in response to reduction environment, and excellent photothermal conversion under laser irradiation. Furthermore, PCRHNs can act as a photoacoustic imaging contrast agent-guided PTT. In vivo studies indicate that PCRHNs exhibited excellent biocompatibility, prolonged blood circulation, enhanced tumor accumulation, allow tumor-specific chemo-photothermal therapy to achieve synergistic antitumor effects with reduced systemic toxicity. Moreover, hyperthermia-induced upregulation of heat shock protein 70 in the tumor cells could be inhibited by CPT. Collectively, PCRHNs may be a promising therapeutic way for breast cancer therapy.     

Design,preparation and pharmacodynamics of ICG-Fe(Ⅲ) based HCPT nanocrystals against cancer

The use of nanocrystal technology to manufacture drug delivery systems intended to enhance therapeutic efficacy has attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry.However, the clinical application of nanocrystal drugs for injection is restricted by Ostwald ripening and the large-scale use of stabilizers such as polysorbate and lecithin, which have potential toxicity risks including hemolysis and allergies. Here, we designed an amorphous nanocrystal drug complex(IHNC), which is stabilizer...     

Nanoparticle-mediated co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agent and siRNA for combination cancer therapy

Introduction: Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Current cancer treatments in the clinic mainly include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, with chemotherapy being the most common.

Areas covered: Cancer treatments based on the single ‘magic-bullet’ concept are often associated with limited therapeutic efficacy, unwanted adverse effects, and drug resistance. The combination of multiple drugs is a promising strategy for effective cancer treatment due to the synergistic or additive effects. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has the ability to knock down the expression of carcinogenic genes or drug efflux transporter genes, paving the way for cancer treatment. Treatment with both a chemotherapeutic agent and siRNA based on nanoparticle (NP)-mediated co-delivery is a promising approach for combination cancer therapy.

Expert opinion: The combination of chemotherapeutic agents and siRNAs for cancer treatment offers the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy, decrease side effects, and overcome drug resistance. Co-delivery of chemical drug and siRNA in the same NP would be much more effective in cancer therapy than application of chemical agent or siRNA alone. With the development of material science, NPs have come to be the most widely used platform for co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and siRNAs.     

Tailored core‒shell dual metal–organic frameworks as a versatile nanomotor for effective synergistic antitumor therapy

Malignant tumor has become an urgent threat to global public healthcare. Because of the heterogeneity of tumor, single therapy presents great limitations while synergistic therapy is arousing much attention, which shows desperate need of intelligent carrier for co-delivery. A core‒shell dual metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) system was delicately designed in this study, which not only possessed the unique properties of both materials, but also provided two individual specific functional zones for co-drug delivery. Photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) were stepwisely encapsulated into the nanopores of MIL-88 core and ZIF-8 shell to construct a synergistic photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy nanoplatform. Except for efficient drug delivery, the MIL-88 could be functioned as a nanomotor to convert the excessive hydrogen peroxide at tumor microenvironment into adequate oxygen for photodynamic therapy. The DOX release from MIL-88-ICG@ZIF-8-DOX nanoparticles was triggered at tumor acidic microenvironment and further accelerated by near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The in vivo antitumor study showed superior synergistic antitumor effect by concentrating the nanoparticles into dissolving microneedles as compared to intravenous and intratumoral injection of nanoparticles, with a significantly higher inhibition rate. It is anticipated that the multi-model synergistic system based on dual-MOFs was promising for further biomedical application.     

Cancer-cell-biomimetic nanoparticles systemically eliminate hypoxia tumors by synergistic chemotherapy and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy

Checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy has shown unprecedented effect in cancer treatments, but its clinical implementation has been restricted by the low host antitumor response rate. Recently, chemotherapy is well recognized to activate the immune system during some chemotherapeutics-mediated tumor eradication. The enhancement of immune response during chemotherapy might further improve the therapeutic efficiency through the synergetic mechanism. Herein, a synergistic antitumor platform (designated as BMS/RA@CC-Liposome) was constructed by utilizing CT26 cancer-cell-biomimetic nanoparticles that combined chemotherapeutic drug (RA-V) and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade inhibitor (BMS-202) to remarkably enhance antitumor immunity. In this study, the cyclopeptide RA-V as chemotherapeutic drugs directly killing tumor cells and BMS-202 as anti-PD agents eliciting antitumor immune responses were co-encapsulated in a pH-sensitive nanosystem. To achieve the cell-specific targeting drug delivery, the combination therapy nanosystem was functionalized with cancer cell membrane camouflage. The biomimetic drug delivery system perfectly disguised as endogenous substances, and realized elongated blood circulation due to anti-phagocytosis capability. Moreover, the BMS/RA@CC-Liposome also achieved the selective targeting of CT26 cells by taking advantage of the inherent homologous adhesion property of tumor cells. The in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that the BMS/RA@CC-Liposome realized PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-induced immune response, RA-V-induced PD-L1 down-regulation and apoptosis in cancer cells. Such a system combining the advantages of chemotherapy and checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy to create an immunogenic tumor microenvironment systemically, demonstrated improved therapeutic efficacy against hypoxic tumor cells and offers an alternative strategy based on the immunology of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.     

Metal nanoparticles as a promising technology in targeted cancer treatment

Traditional anticancer treatments have several limitations, but cancer is still one of the deadliest diseases. As a result, new anticancer drugs are required for the treatment of cancer. The use of metal nanoparticles (NPs) as alternative chemotherapeutic drugs is on the rise in cancer research. Metal NPs have the potential for use in a wide range of applications. Natural or surface-induced anticancer effects can be found in metals. The focus of this review is on the therapeutic potential of metal-based NPs. The potential of various types of metal NPs for tumor targeting will be discussed for cancer treatment. The in vivo application of metal NPs for solid tumors will be reviewed. Risk factors involved in the clinical application of metal NPs will also be summarized.     

pH敏感的氧化钽纳米材料的制备及其肿瘤靶向成像与治疗作用研究

目的 制备以西妥昔单抗(cetuximab，C225)作为靶分子的pH敏感的氧化钽纳米粒(TaO_x-C225 nanoparticles， TaO_x-C225 NPs)，用于肺癌的靶向诊疗。方法 以C225作为靶分子连接到TaO_x NPs表面，在其表面通过pH敏感的化学键连接功能性分子二氢卟吩e6、化疗药物盐酸阿霉素制得靶向表皮生长因子受体的pH敏感性纳米材料TaO_x-C225 NPs，并采用透射电镜、紫外光谱、HPLC对其进行表征和药物释放测试，通过体外细胞试验以及活体成像试验测试TaO_x-C225 NPs靶向肿瘤细胞的能力以及荧光成像能力，通过构建动物模型评价TaO_x-C225 NPs光动力和化疗联合杀伤肿瘤细胞的能力。结果 体外成像结果表明，TaO_x-C225 NPs能够被肿瘤细胞HCC827特异性摄取；在体内成像中，TaO_x-C225 NPs能够特异性地汇集在表皮生长因子受体高表达的HCC827肿瘤组织中，并具有较好的肿瘤与背景的对比度。体内肿瘤治疗研究表明，TaO_x-C225 NPs联合氙灯对肿瘤具有明显的抑制效果。此外，TaO_x-C225 NPs对健康组织无明显毒性。结论 利用靶向分子探针技术以及荧光成像技术实现了肿瘤的精准诊断，并通过光动力治疗与化疗的结合克服肿瘤耐药性，实现肺癌的精确杀伤。TaO_x-C225 NPs对未来肿瘤的诊断和局部治疗具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Folic acid-modified ROS-responsive nanoparticles encapsulating luteolin for targeted breast cancer treatment

Luteolin (Lut) is a natural flavonoid polyphenolic compound with multiple pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. However, the poor aqueous solubility and low bioactivity of Lut restrict its clinical translation. Herein, we developed a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoplatforms to improve the bioactivity of Lut. Folic acid (FA) was employed to decorate the nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance its targeting ability. The size of Lut-loaded ROS-responsive nanoparticles (Lut/Oxi-αCD NPs) and FA-modified Lut/Oxi-αCD NPs (Lut/FA-Oxi-αCD NPs) is 210.5 ± 6.1 and 196.7 ± 1.8 nm, respectively. Both Lut/Oxi-αCD NPs and Lut/FA-Oxi-αCD NPs have high drug loading (14.83 ± 3.50 and 16.37 ± 1.47%, respectively). In vitro cellular assays verified that these NPs could be efficiently internalized by 4T1 cells and the released Lut from NPs could inhibit tumor cells proliferation significantly. Animal experiments demonstrated that Lut/Oxi-αCD NPs, especially Lut/FA-Oxi-αCD NPs obviously accumulated at tumor sites, and inhibited tumor growth ∼3 times compared to the Lut group. In conclusion, the antitumor efficacy of Lut was dramatically improved by targeting delivery with the ROS-responsive nanoplatforms.     

Synergistic activity of combination therapy with PEGylated pemetrexed and gemcitabine for an effective cancer treatment

Combination therapy in cancer is now opted as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, effective delivery of drugs in combination at the tumor site is marred by low bioavailability and systemic toxicity of individual drugs. Polymer therapeutics is indeed an upcoming approach for the combinational drug delivery in favor of better cancer management. Hence, the objective of our investigation was to develop a dual drug PEGylated system that carries two chemotherapeutic drugs simultaneously for effective treatment of cancer. In this regard, we have synthesized Pem-PEG-Gem, wherein pemetrexed (Pem) and gemcitabine (Gem) are conjugated to a heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer for the effective treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Our results demonstrate enhanced bioavailability of the individual drugs in Pem-PEG-Gem in comparison with the drugs in their native form. The developed Pem-PEG-Gem showed enhanced cell death with respect to their native counterparts when treated singly or in combination against NSCLC cells. This might be attributed to better cellular internalization through the process of macropinocytosis and synergistic cytotoxic action of Pem-PEG-Gem in NSCLC cells. Hence, we propose the above dual drug based polymer therapeutic approach suitable for better clinical application in the treatment of NSCLC.     

Artificial tumor microenvironment regulated by first hemorrhage for enhanced tumor targeting and then occlusion for synergistic bioactivation of hypoxia-sensitive platesomes

The unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) could be exploited to develop antitumor nanomedicine strategies. However, in many cases, the actual therapeutic effect is far from reaching our expectations due to the notable tumor heterogeneity. Given the amplified characteristics of TME regulated by vascular disrupting agents (VDAs), nanomedicines may achieve unexpected improved efficacy. Herein, we fabricate platelet membrane-fusogenic liposomes (PML/DP&PPa), namely “platesomes”, which actively load the hypoxia-activated pro-prodrug DMG-PR104A (DP) and physically encapsulate the photosensitizer pyropheophorbide a (PPa). Considering the different stages of tumor vascular collapse and shutdown induced by a VDA combretastatin-A4 phosphate (CA4P), PML/DP&PPa is injected 3 h after intraperitoneal administration of CA4P. First, CA4P-mediated tumor hemorrhage amplifies the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, and the platesome-biological targeting further promotes the tumor accumulation of PML/DP&PPa. Besides, CA4P-induced vascular occlusion inhibits oxygen supply, followed by photodynamic therapy-caused acute tumor hypoxia. This prolonged extreme hypoxia contributes to the complete activation of DP and then high inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, such a combining strategy of artificially-regulated TME and bio-inspired platesomes pronouncedly improves tumor drug delivery and boosts tumor hypoxia-selective activation, and provides a preferable solution to high-efficiency cancer therapy.     

A pH-sensitive supramolecular nanosystem with chlorin e6 and triptolide co-delivery for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy

The combination of Ce6, an acknowledged photosensitizer, and TPL, a natural anticancer agent, has been demonstrated as a useful strategy to reinforce the tumor growth suppression, as well as decrease the systemic side effects compared with their monotherapy. However, in view of the optimal chemo-photodynamic combination efficiency, there is still short of the feasible nanovehicle to steadily co-deliver Ce6 and TPL, and stimuli-responsively burst release drugs in tumor site. Herein, we described ...