少菌型麻风在麻风传播中的作用

1996年印度新发现 4 6万例麻风患者 ,其中少菌型患者占总数的 80 %～ 85 %。麻风流行不仅与多菌型患者有关 ,少菌型患者也是麻风的传染源。为此作者研究了首发少菌型病例家庭接触者的发病情况。作者于 1993～ 1996年在印度加尔各答热带病医学学校的皮肤病、性传播疾病和麻风病科进行了前瞻性研究。选择 10 0个各含 1例还在治疗的首发少菌型病例的家庭进行研究。要求如果在家庭内出现类似患者即应到门诊报告 ,同时在家庭随访时 ,对所有家庭成员作麻风检查。另选 10 0个无麻风病例的家庭作为对照。这些家庭选自有疑似病例且在观察的随访期间未…     

102例麻风患者的家属发病调查

泰县自1957年以来累计有麻风多发户86户,其中多菌型者37户,少菌型者49户。家属6440人中有102人发生麻风(15.8‰),包括男75例,女27例;一户中有2人发病者73户,3例者10户,4例者3户。多菌型患者家属1020人,发病48例(47.06‰)     

对麻风高流行村居民麻风菌素试验的观察报告

砚山县的幕菲勒自然村是麻风高流行村,总人口有1009人,累计麻风患者24人,其中男19人(少菌型6人,多菌型13人);女5人(少菌型2人、多菌型3人)。近5年仍有发病者。故选择村中10—50岁者485人(麻风家庭内接触者44人,一般村民441人),于1989年8月11日作接种粗制麻风菌素试验的观察,9月1—8日进行晚期反应检查记录,根据广东省皮肤病防治院1976年9月出版     

兴化市1990～1999年新发现麻风病例分析

目的为了解麻风达到基本消灭阶段之后新发现麻风病例的情况,找出存在的问题和确立今后工作的重点.方法我院专业防治人员收集1990～1999年的所有新病例个案登记资料进行统计分析.结果10年来新发现麻风患者36例,前5年发现24例(66.67%),近5年发现12例(33.33%).男女性别之比为31,平均发病年龄43.5岁,多菌型(77.78%)明显高于少菌型(22.22%),查菌阳性患者为75%,病期在3年之内为69.44%,家庭内传染为33.34%,传染源不明为63.89%,75%的新病例被皮防院门诊发现.结论麻风达到基本消灭阶段,新病例明显减少,发病年龄增高,诊断延迟期明显缩短,瘤型比例上升,传染源不明者增多,通过专业门诊发现病例值得提倡.     

在墨西哥麻风家庭接触者中进行的前瞻性免疫学随访

为了评估麻风特异性T细胞免疫及体液免疫与麻风发展的关系,作者采用麻风菌素试验及麻风荧光抗体吸收试验(FLA-ABS)对墨西哥哈利斯科州瓜达拉哈拉城区附近的79名麻风家庭接触者进行了为期6年的前瞻性研究。按所发病人是少菌型还是多菌型,把家庭接触者分为两组,即低危组——由2例结核样型麻风(TT)和5例未定类麻风(I)的19名家庭接触者组成,高危组——由18例活动性瘤型麻风(LL)的60名家庭接触者组成。结果表明所有家庭接触者中,晚期麻风菌素(麻素)反应的阳性率为71.7%,性别或年龄在麻素反应阳性或阴性接触者之间无     

贵州省306例新发麻风家庭内感染者调查分析

回顾性分析2011-2015年942例新发麻风患者的临床资料,显示家庭内接触感染发病306例(32.48%),其中男217例,女89例,年龄7~89岁,平均年龄34.58岁,15岁以下31例(10.13%);多菌型242例(79.08%),少菌型64例(20.92%);诊断延迟期6天~40.80年,平均为2.60年;I级畸残53例,II级畸残92例;大多数传染源为血缘亲属(276例,90.20%),由父母感染者占49.67%(152例)。     

通州市32户麻风多发家庭发病情况分析

麻风患者家庭内人员发病显著高于社会人群发病,分析麻风在家庭成员中的传播,不仅可以了解该病的流行特征,对制定新时期麻风的防治对策具有一定的指导意义。笔者于2004年10月—2005年1月,对通州市55年间累计发病的麻风患者家庭内发病的情况进行了调查,现将结果报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料通州市1949—2004年累计发现麻风患者564例,分布在516个家庭,其中有32个家庭有多个成员发病,32个家庭中共有麻风患者80例,首发患者32例,续发患者48例。男55例,女25例,男女之比为2.2∶1,其中10～20岁35例(43.75%),结核样型麻风(以下简称TT)33例(41.25…     

赣州市5年新发麻风患者误诊分析

目的:分析总结赣州市新发麻风患者被误诊的情况,为麻风防治提供依据。方法:收集近5年赣州市新发麻风患者的临床资料,对其误诊情况进行分析。结果:2011—2015年,赣州市共确诊72例麻风患者,其中临床多菌型占73.71%,临床少菌型占26.39%;首次就医确诊率为12.50%,63例有误诊经历,误诊率达87.50%,其中临床多菌型麻风误诊率为94.23%,临床少菌型误诊率为70.00%。误诊患者中,误诊为皮肤科疾病者占57.58%,误诊为其他科疾病者占42.42%。结论:在麻风低流行状态下,加大麻风防治机构能力建设、强化临床医生的麻风防治技能培训及提高医生对麻风的警惕性和诊断水平是减少误诊或漏诊的关键。     

1989～1998年中国儿童麻风发病和临床分析

目的研究儿童麻风的发病和临床特点.方法对1989～1998年中国新发现儿童麻风患者的发病和临床特征进行分析,发病按性别、传染来源、发现方式分析,临床特点按皮损数目、神经损害、麻风反应、畸残、型别和查菌进行分类分析.结果1989～1998年中国新发现麻风病例22437例,其中儿童麻风病例912例(4.1%),男560例,女352例.发病到确诊的平均延迟期为1.13年(909例).传染来源以家内为主,有家庭内接触史者共计631例(69.2 %).发现方式以主动发现为主.儿童麻风确诊时有皮损者883例(96.8%),有神经损害者69 3例(76.0%),有麻风反应者43例(4.7%),Ⅱ级畸残113例(12.4%),皮肤查菌阳性共376例 (41.2%).云贵川儿童麻风482例(4.2%),鲁苏浙儿童麻风23例(1.3%).1989～1998年贵州、四川儿童麻风的比例波动不大,云南儿童麻风比例1998年突然上升至11.6%.结论本研究结果提示,儿童麻风是体现麻风流行程度的敏感指标之一.儿童麻风传染主要来自活动性麻风患者的家庭内接触.     

麻风病人家属中的抗酸菌检查

徵江县累计发现麻风263例,其中患者家属发病36例(13.7％),多菌型病人家属25例,少菌型家属11例。全县共有麻风患者家属380个(多菌型家属154,少菌型家属226);治愈10年以上的多菌型病人的家属52人,     

Dermatology in private practice in France in 2000

OBJECTIVES: Data regarding French dermatological practice are scarce. Our objective was to identify the skin disorders most commonly diagnosed by office-based dermatologists. We also documented the severity of these skin disorders, as reflected by the repercussions on patient's everyday life, and the way physicians managed patients. DESIGN: We carried out a one-day survey of visits to a randomly selected sample of 900 French office-based dermatologists. The randomization was stratified according to the five French different dialing area codes. RESULTS: Office-based dermatologists saw 6411 patients with 7839 skin disorders during the survey. The daily number of visits to French dermatologists was estimated at 47 000 and the annual number between 12 and 14 millions. Office-based dermatologists mostly managed warts, acne, nevus, dermatitis, malignancies and pre-malignancies, fungal infection and psoriasis. Repercussions on patients'everyday life were assessed by physicians as important or very important in 28 p. 100 of cases. Half of the patients received topical treatment, 20.5 p. 100 a systemic drug and 40 p. 100 a minor surgical procedure (including cryotherapy). CONCLUSION: Although dermatologists frequently see benign skin disorders such as warts or nevus, more severe diseases represent an important part of their activity.     

Decrease in neutrophils observed in vivo in psoriatics after PUVA therapy

Summary In 56 patients leucocyte and differential counts were done before and at weekly intervals during PUVA treatment of chronic recalcitrant psoriasis. A statistical significant (P<0.01) decrease in the percentage of neutrophils was observed during the first week of the PUVA therapy. This observation could be closely related to the clinical clearing of psoriasis (P=0.02).The effect of PUVA therapy in psoriasis may be due to a decrease in the number of immunocompetent neutrophils demonstrated in psoriatic lesions.     

Progress in Malassezia Research in Korea

Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are part of the normal flora of human skin. However, they are also associated with various skin diseases. Since the introduction of Malassezia to the Korean Dermatologic Society two decades ago, remarkable progress has been made in our knowledge of this genus. In this paper, we review recent developments in Malassezia research, including taxonomy and methods for species identification, recent genome analyses, Malassezia species distribution in healthy conditions and in specific skin diseases, trials investigating the mechanisms underlying Malassezia-related diseases, as well as therapeutic options. This review will enhance our understanding of Malassezia yeasts and related skin diseases in Korea.     

Hard cornification in reptilian epidermis in comparison to cornification in mammalian epidermis

The structure of reptilian hard (beta)-keratins, their nucleotide and amino acid sequence, and the organization of their genes are presented. These 13-19 kDa proteins are basic, rich in glycine, proline and serine, and different from cytokeratins. Their mRNAs are expressed in beta-cells. The central part of beta-keratins (this region has been previously termed 'core-box' and is peculiar of all sauropsid proteins) is composed of two beta-folded regions and shows a high identity with avian beta-keratins. This central part present in all beta-keratins, including feather keratins, is the site of polymerization to build the framework of beta-keratin filaments. Beta-keratins appear cytokeratin-associated proteins. Their central region might have originated in an ancestral glycine-rich protein present in stem reptiles from which beta-keratins evolved and diversified into reptiles and birds. Stem reptiles of the Carboniferous period might have possessed glycine-rich proteins derived from exons/domains corresponding to the variable, glycine-rich region of cytokeratins. Beta-keratins might have derived from a gene coding for small glycine-rich keratin-associated proteins. The glycine-rich regions evolved differently in the lineage leading to modern reptiles and birds versus that leading to mammals. In the reptilian lineage some amino acid regions produced by point mutations and amino acid changes might have given rise to originate the central beta-pleated region. The latter allowed the formation of filamentous proteins (beta-keratins) associated with intermediate filament keratins and replaced them in beta-keratin cells. In the mammalian lineage no beta-pleated region was generated in their matrix proteins, the glycine-rich keratin-associated proteins. The latter evolved as glycine-tyrosine-rich, sulphur-rich, and ultra-sulphur-rich proteins that are used for building hairs, horns and nails.     

Experimental approaches to lymphocyte migration in dermatology in vitro and in vivo

Lymphocyte trafficking through the dermal compartment is part of the physiological surveillance process of the adaptive immune system. On the other hand, persistent or recurrent lymphocyte infiltrates are hallmarks of both types of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, Th1-type such as psoriasis or Th2/allergic-type like atopic dermatitis. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying lymphocyte movements is one of the key prerequisites for developing more effective therapies. In this review, we introduce a range of simple-to-sophisticated experimental in vitro and in vivo approaches to analyze lymphocyte migration. These methods start from static in vitro adhesion and chemotaxis assays, include dynamic endothelial flow chamber, intravital dual photon, and transcutaneous live-video microscopy, and finally encompass specific genetically deficient or engineered animal models. Discussing pros and cons of these assay systems hopefully generates both state-of-the-art knowledge about the factors involved in most common chronic skin diseases as well as an improved understanding of the limitations and chances of new biologic pharmaceuticals that are currently introduced into clinical practice.     

Dermatoses in cement workers in southern Taiwan

Construction workers are known to have occupational dermatoses. The prevalence of such dermatoses was unknown in Taiwanese construction workers. The objective of this study was to determine the work exposure, prevalence of skin manifestations, and sensitivity to common contact allergens in cement workers of southern Taiwan. A total of 1147 current regular cement workers were telephone-interviewed about skin problems during the past 12 months, work exposure, and personal protection. Among those interviewed, 166 were examined and patch tested with common contact allergens. A high % of cement workers reported skin problems in the past 12 months. More men (13.9%) reported skin problems possibly related to work than women (5.4%). Prevalence was associated with lower use of gloves, duration of work as cement worker, and more time in jobs involving direct manual handling of cement, especially tiling. A high % of dermatitis was noted in the 166 workers examined, which correlated with reported skin problems. On patch testing, construction workers had a high frequency of sensitivity to chromate. Sensitivity to chromate or cobalt was associated with reported skin problems, or dorsal hand dermatitis on examination. These workers'dermatitis was under-diagnosed and inadequately managed. It is concluded that cement workers in southern Taiwan had a high prevalence of skin problems related to cement use. Protective measures, work practice, and physician education should be improved to prevent or manage such problems.     

Formaldehyde‐releasers in cosmetics in the USA and in Europe

Background: Frequencies of sensitization to formaldehyde among US patients patch tested for suspected contact dermatitis are higher than in Europe. Cosmetics are an important source of contact with formaldehyde. Objectives: To acquire data on the frequency of use of formaldehyde‐releasers in cosmetics sold in the USA and Europe and their use concentrations. To assess whether any observed differences may contribute to the discrepancies in sensitization rates. Methods: Enquiries with Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Cosmetics Association, and the Dutch Cosmetics Association. Reading the labels of skin care cosmetics in a local drugstore. Results: The FDA provided data on the presence of formaldehyde and releasers. Nearly one fifth of all cosmetics contain a releaser. In 25% of 496 examined skin care products, releasers were present. In comparable FDA data categories, the percentage was 24. No data were found on use concentrations of the releasers in cosmetics in either the USA or Europe. Conclusions: The percentages of stay‐on skin care products containing a formaldehyde‐releaser are virtually identical in the USA (FDA data) and our local drugstore sample. However, this does not necessarily imply that cosmetics play no part in the differences in formaldehyde sensitization rates.