急性脑梗死患者血清促动脉硬化指数与颈动脉内膜中层厚度及氧化型低密度脂蛋白水平的研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、促动脉硬化指数(AIP)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法连续性选取ACI患者120例作为研究对象,选择同期健康体检者60例作为对照组。分别检测两组的ox-LDL水平及血浆脂质代谢水平,后者包括甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C),并计算血浆促动脉硬化指数(AIP)。对ACI组患者进行颈部血管彩超检查,根据检查结果将其分为颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)正常组(11例)、IMT增厚组(25例)和颈动脉粥样斑块形成(CAS)组(84例),比较各组ox-LDL和AIP水平。结果与对照组相比,ACI组斑块检出率、易损斑块检出率明显增高(P0.01);ACI组血清ox-LDL与AIP明显升高(P0.01)。在ACI患者中,CAS组血清ox-LDL及AIP较IMT增厚组明显增高(P0.01);IMT增厚组血清ox-LDL及AIP高于IMT正常组(P0.01,P0.05)。Pearson检验结果显示,ox-LDL水平与IMT水平呈正相关(r=0.720,P0.01);AIP值与IMT水平呈正相关(r=0.717,P0.01);血清AIP与ox-LDL水平之间有相关性(r=0.655,P0.01)。结论 ox-LDL和AIP与颈动脉粥样硬化形成、发展及急性脑梗死发生有密切关系。两者联合测定能够更全面评估缺血性脑卒中发生的风险。     

动脉粥样硬化型ACI患者血清Lp-PLA2、MCP-1、VE-cadherin、PTX3变化及与IMT的关系

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化型(AT型)急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)、五聚素3(PTX3)水平变化及其与颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)之间的关系。方法选取AT型ACI患者104例(ACI组),根据ACI程度分为轻度组(n=46)、中度组(n=34)和重度组(n=24),根据颈动脉粥样硬化斑块(CASP)性质分为非CASP组(n=23)、CASP稳定组(n=38)与CASP不稳定组(n=43)。另选同期健康体检者40例为正常对照组(n=40)。测定并比较各组的血清Lp-PLA2、MCP-1、VE-cadherin、PTX3水平及与IMT的关系。结果 ACI患者的血清Lp-PLA2、MCP-1、VE-cadherin、PTX3水平及IMT显著高于对照组(P0.05),且随着病情程度加重呈显著增高趋势(P0.05),CASP稳定组和CASP不稳定组显著高于非CASP组,CASP不稳定组显著高于CASP稳定组(P0.05)。ACI患者的血清Lp-PLA2、MCP-1、VEcadherin、PTX3水平与IMT呈显著正相关性(均P0.05)。结论 AT型ACI患者具有明显IMT增厚及血清Lp-PLA2、MCP-1、VE-cadherin、PTX3高表达,且Lp-PLA2、MCP-1、VE-cadherin、PTX3水平与IMT厚度密切相关。     

急性脑梗死患者血浆溶血磷脂酸、总磷脂和低密度脂蛋白水平的改变及其与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 研究急性脑梗死(ACI)患者溶血磷脂酸(LPA)、总磷脂(AP)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平的改变及其与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 应用多普勒超声仪检测67例ACI患者和30名正常对照者的颈动脉,用有机溶剂抽提法测定血浆LPA、AP含量,用酶直接法测定血浆LDL含量.结果 ACI组血浆LPA、AP和LDL水平显著高于正常对照组(均P<0.01);ACI颈动脉软斑块组、混合斑块组血浆LPA水平显著高于硬斑块组(均P<0.01),各斑块组血浆AP、LDL水平差异无统计学意义.结论 ACI患者血浆LPA、AP、LDL水平增高,ACI合并颈动脉不稳定斑块患者的血浆LPA水平显著高于稳定性斑块患者.提示血浆LPA的水平可以反映颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性.     

老年急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨老年急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)斑块及其硬化程度的关系。方法93例确诊的ACI患者均接受颈动脉彩色多普勒超声仪检查,测量左右颈总动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT),根据测量结果分为有CAS斑块组(60例)和无CAS斑块组(33例);将患者CAS程度分为0～4级。采用循环酶法检测两组ACI患者血浆Hcy水平,对血浆Hcy水平与CAS的斑块及其硬化程度分级进行相关性分析。结果老年ACI患者有CAS斑块组血浆Hcy浓度[18.83(15.20～24.03)μmol/L]明显高于无CAS斑块组[12.30(9.70～15.10)μmol/L](P<0.05);且有CAS斑块组高Hcy血症发生率(36.67%)较无CAS斑块组(12.12%)显著增高(P<0.05)。CAS程度:0级组、1级组分别与3级组,0级组、1级组、2级组分别与4级组的血浆Hcy水平比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.005)。结论老年ACI患者中,CAS斑块形成可能与血浆Hcy水平升高有关;CAS程度愈高,其相关性愈大。     

中青年急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平和超敏C反应蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨中青年急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)斑块及其硬化程度的关系。方法对入选144例中青年ACI患者进行颈动脉超声,测量颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)并观察有无斑块之间的相关性分析。结果中青年急性脑梗死(ACI)合并颈动脉粥样硬化的患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP明显高于无颈动脉硬化患者(P<0.05)。有CAS斑块的患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP显著高于颈动脉内中膜正常与增厚患者(均为P<0.05)。CAS程度:0级组、1级组分别与3级组,0级组、1级组、2级组分别与4级组的血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论血清Hcy、hs-CRP水平与中青年急性脑梗死(ACI)患者颈动脉粥样硬化的发生有一定相关性,CAS程度愈重,其相关性愈大。     

高龄急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸和载脂蛋白B/A1与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性研究

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及载脂蛋白B/A1(Apo B/Apo A1)水平在高龄急性脑梗死(ACI)患者中的变化及与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性。方法收集252例高龄ACI患者作为病例组,根据颈动脉IMT检测结果分为IMT正常组65例、IMT增厚组87例和颈动脉斑块形成组100例。依据其血清Hcy水平分为低Hcy组(Hcy≤10μmol/L)85例和高Hcy组(Hcy10μmol/L)167例。另选取同期健康体检者190例作为对照组。比较各组血清Hcy、Apo B/Apo A-l、血脂及颈动脉IMT情况,多因素logistic回归分析颈动脉IMT增厚的影响因素,血清Hcy、Apo B/Apo A1与颈动脉IMT的相关性采用Pearson相关。结果病例组血清Hcy、Apo B/Apo A-l及颈动脉IMT明显高于对照组(P0.05)。与IMT正常组比较,IMT增厚组血清Hcy、Apo B/Apo A-l、LDL水平明显升高(P0.05),且斑块形成组升高更为明显(P0.05)。高Hcy组血清Hcy、Apo B/Apo A-l及颈动脉IMT明显高于低Hcy组(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示Hcy及Apo B/Apo A-l是影响颈动脉IMT增厚的危险因素,其OR及95%CI分别5.138(3.862~8.825)和4.742(3.571~7.283)。相关分析显示,高龄ACI患者血清Hcy、Apo B/Apo A1与颈动脉IMT均呈正相关(r=0.672,P0.001;r=0.538,P=0.012)。结论高龄ACI患者血清Hcy、Apo B/Apo A1及颈动脉IMT水平与动脉粥样硬化发生相关,且Hcy水平及Apo B/Apo A1比值增高是颈动脉IMT增厚的危险因素。     

颈动脉内中膜厚度与血清白介素-18关系的初步研究

目的通过研究颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)与血清细胞因子白介素-18(IL-18)水平的关系,探讨IMT增厚的发生机制。方法选择40例短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者(TIA组)、64例急性脑梗死(ACI)患者(ACI组)作为研究对象,另选择30名健康者作为正常对照组。分别测量其颈动脉IMT值,并分为IMT<1.0mm亚组和IMT≥1.0mm亚组。利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定了3组的血清IL-18水平,并对IMT与IL-18的关系进行分析。结果TIA组和ACI组所有IMT≥1.0mm患者血清IL-18含量均比正常对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P(0.01);TIA组、ACI组IMT≥1.0mm亚组患者血清IL-18含量比IMT(1.0mm亚组患者升高,差异有统计学意义(P(0.05)。经Pearson相关分析,TIA组、ACI组IMT≥1.0mm亚组患者IMT与血清IL-18含量呈明显正相关(r=0.549,P(0.01)。结论TIA组、ACI组IMT增厚的患者血清IL-18的水平是升高的。IMT的增厚与血清IL-18含量呈明显正相关。IL-18可能参与了动脉粥样硬化(AS)的形成过程。     

同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白水平及颈动脉粥样硬化与老年脑梗死的关系

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平及颈动脉粥样硬化与老年脑梗死的关系。方法选择120例老年脑梗死患者为病例组,107名健康老年人为对照组,两组年龄及性别相匹配。分别采用微粒子酶免疫分析法(MEIA)及速率散射免疫比浊法(RNIA)检测两组血浆Hcy及血清hs-CRP水平,超声检测颈动脉斑块情况,并测定平均颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)。结果病例组Hcy、hs-CRP水平、平均颈动脉IMT值及软斑率均显著高于对照组(P均<0.01),且病例组伴颈动脉软斑患者Hcy浓度及hs-CRP水平也明显大于不伴颈动脉软斑患者(P<0.05和P<0.01)。相关分析结果显示,病例组Hcy水平与hs-CRP水平及平均颈动脉IMT值呈正相关(r分别为0.206和0.191,P均<0.05)。结论老年脑梗死患者血浆Hcy、血清hs-CRP水平、平均颈动脉IMT值及软斑率升高,高Hcy、hs-CRP血症及严重颈动脉粥样硬化可能对老年脑梗死发生有协同作用。     

中青年无症状脑梗死患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸、尿酸水平与颈动脉内-中膜厚度的关系

目的探讨中青年无症状脑梗死(SCI)患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、尿酸水平与颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)的关系。方法检测96例中青年SCI患者(SCI组)及100名正常对照者(正常对照组)的血hs-CRP、Hcy、尿酸水平。患者均行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,根据IMT将SCI组分为内膜正常亚组、内膜增厚亚组、稳定斑块亚组及不稳定斑块亚组。结果 SCI组血清hs-CRP、Hcy、尿酸水平及IMT均显著高于正常对照组(均P0.001)。将SCI组患者分为内膜正常亚组16例,内膜增厚亚组34例,稳定斑块亚组28例,不稳定斑块亚组18例。与内膜正常亚组比较,内膜增厚、稳定斑块及不稳定斑块亚组的血hs-CRP、Hcy和尿酸水平显著增高(均P0.01)。不稳定斑块亚组的血hs-CRP、Hcy和尿酸水平显著高于内膜增厚亚组及稳定斑块亚组(均P0.01)。Pearson相关性分析显示,SCI组颈动脉IMT与血hs-CRP、Hcy、尿酸水平呈正相关(r=0.891,r=0.757,r=0.531;均P0.01)。结论血清hs-CRP、Hcy、尿酸水平与中青年患者颈动脉粥样硬化及其严重程度紧密相关。     

H型高血压并发急性脑梗死同型半胱氨酸水平升高的危险因素分析

目的 探讨H型高血压并发急性脑梗死同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与炎症因子、颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成的相关性。方法 选取许昌市中心医院103例高血压并发急性脑梗死患者,均行Hcy水平检测,依据Hcy水平分为观察组53例(Hcy15μmol/L),对照组50例(Hcy≤15μmol/L),比较2组性别、年龄、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)水平、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉斑块形成率等。结果观察组血清hs-CRP、MCP-1、ox-LDL、VE-cadherin水平及IMT均高于对照组,不稳定斑块形成率60.38%(32/53),高于对照组40.00%(20/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);经Logistic回归分析,血清hs-CRP、MCP-1、ox-LDL、VE-cadherin及IMT、颈动脉斑块形成为诱发高血压并发急性脑梗死患者血清Hcy水平升高的危险因素(P0.05);经Spearman相关性分析,高血压并发急性脑梗死患者血清Hcy水平升高与炎症因子、颈动脉粥样硬化及颈动脉粥样斑块形成率呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 炎症因子、颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成是高血压并发急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平升高的高危因素,与血清同型半胱氨酸水平升高呈正相关。     

Clinical carotid atherosclerosis

Atherogenesis is an inflammatory process that begins in childhood. Early detection of atherosclerosis might allow for selection of subjects at risk for future cerebrovascular events at a time when dietary and lifestyle modification may have its greatest impact, and medical intervention may be useful for those who are refractory to such treatment or who are at greater risk for an event. Early detection relies on a knowledge of the distribution of atheroma formation, which can be predicted by understanding the hemodynamic patterns of blood flow. Early formation is accompanied by a vascular remodeling that normalizes the area of the vessel lumen, making early detection impossible by angiography. Elevated serologic markers of inflammation may be used as evidence of formation of atherosclerosis, but inflammatory markers lack sensitivity and specificity. Preliminary evidence supports the ability of MRI to detect early atheroma formation, possibly even before substantial wall thickening occurs. Once atheroma has formed with measurable stenosis, the goal of imaging studies is to predict stroke risk and determine the need for surgical intervention. Subjects with symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis have been shown to benefit from surgery with a reduced stroke risk when compared with medical management alone, although controversy exists regarding the management of moderate symptomatic carotid stenosis or asymptomatic carotid disease. In these individuals, understanding atheroma morphology may prove to be of greater utility for assessing stroke risk and determining the appropriate management. Morphologic characterization may also be helpful in monitoring the effect of medical intervention. MRI has proven capable of characterizing the morphologic composition of carotid atheroma, although the clinical implications continue to be investigated.     

血管内支架术治疗颈动脉粥样硬化性高度狭窄症三例报告

目的利用颈动脉支架成形术治疗高度狭窄的颈动脉粥样硬化病人。方法选择３例缺血性脑血管病病人,其中２例表现为短暂性脑缺血发作,１例表现为脑梗死,相应颈动脉狭窄均大于７０％。选用Ｐａｌｍａｚ１５４和Ｗａｌｓｔｅｎｔ支架进行颈动脉成形术。结果植入支架后,病人临床症状消失或减轻,影像学显示血管形态恢复正常,没有发生严重的并发症。随访１年,支架形态正常,血管无再狭窄。结论在因颈动脉粥样硬化导致的颈动脉高度狭窄病人的治疗中,颈动脉支架成形术是一种安全有效的方法。     

同型半胱氨酸、颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死复发的关系

目的探讨脑梗死复发与血同型半胱氨酸以及颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系。方法对50例复发脑梗死患者和51例未复发脑梗死患者进行颈动脉超声检查以及同型半胱氨酸水平测定,对2组同型半胱氨酸水平和颈动脉粥样硬化的程度进行比较。结果复发组同型半胱氨酸水平显著高于未复发组,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;复发组颈动脉中重度硬化22例,未复发组6例,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;Logistic回归分析示颈动脉中重度硬化与脑梗死复发呈正相关。结论同型半胱氨酸以及颈动脉粥样硬化程度与脑梗死复发密切相关,颈动脉中重度硬化是脑梗死复发的危险因素,可作为脑梗死复发的预测指标。     

Anti-inflammatory cytokines in subclinical carotid atherosclerosis

Some studies have shown correlations between selected proinflammatory factors and carotid atherosclerosis. It has not been established whether anti-inflammatory cytokines are associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), an ultrasound surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the authors studied the relationship between the carotid IMT and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1 in 76 subjects. They discovered that lower IL-10 levels were associated with increased mean IMT in common carotid arteries.     

辛伐他汀对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的 探讨辛伐他汀对颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响.方法 用彩色多普勒超声技术,检测出具有不同程度的颈动脉粥样硬化患者48例,给予辛伐他汀20mg每晚口服,共3个月.观察患者治疗前后颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块面积的变化以及血脂水平、丙氨酸转换酶、肌酸激酶的变化和药物不良反应. 结果 全部患者治疗前共有79个斑块,治疗后54个斑块,斑块消失率32%,其余未消失的斑块面积均有明显缩小(P＜0.01);颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度明显缩小(P＜0.01),TC、TG、LDL-C明显下降(P＜0.01),HDL-C升高(P＜0.05),ALT、CK无变化(P＞0.05),无明显不良反应. 结论 彩色多普勒超声能检测出早期颈动脉粥样硬化.辛伐他汀能稳定和消退粥样斑块,调脂疗效确切,从而减少心脑血管事件的发生.     

Temporal arteritis-like presentation of carotid atherosclerosis

A 68 year-old woman presented with a two-week history of amaurosis fugax, ipsilateral fronto-temporal headache and jaw claudication suggesting carotid giant cell arteritis. However, this syndrome proved to be due to atherosclerosis causing complete occlusion of the external carotid artery at its origin and narrowing of the internal carotid artery. Combined external and internal carotid endarterectomy relieved the symptoms. The symptom complex of temporal arteritis may be rarely mimicked by carotid atherosclerotic occlusive disease.     

Management of radiation-induced accelerated carotid atherosclerosis

Patients with long survival following cervical irradiation are at risk for accelerated carotid atherosclerosis. The neurologic presentation in these patients mimics naturally occurring atheromatous disease, but patients often present at younger ages and with less concurrent coronary or systemic vascular disease. Hypercholesterolemia also contributes to this accelerated arteriosclerosis. Angiographic findings in this disorder include disproportionate involvement of the distal common carotid artery and unusually long carotid lesions. Pathologic findings include destruction of the internal elastic lamina and replacement of the normal intima and media with fibrous tissue. This article describes two surgical patients with radiation-induced accelerated carotid atherosclerosis who typify the presentation and characteristics of this disease.     

Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive function

Carotid artery atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for stroke and subsequent cognitive impairment. Recent studies indicate that carotid atherosclerosis without clinical stroke may also be an independent risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. Ultrasonography is an easily assessable and non-invasive method to measure different stages of the carotid artery atherosclerotic process and is widely used in clinical assessment as well as in epidemiological and clinical research. We give a brief review of studies that have investigated degrees of the subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in relation to cognitive function and dementia, and we discuss several possible mechanisms that could explain the association between atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment.