热休克蛋白72（HSP72）对大鼠青光眼模型视网膜神经节细胞和视神经的保护作用

目的　探讨热休克蛋白72（heat shock protein 72,HSP72）对大鼠青光眼模型视网膜神经节细胞（retinal ganglial cells,RGCs）和视神经的保护作用。方法　选取Wistar大鼠46只，采用随机数字表法将所有大鼠分为正常对照组（6只）和实验组（40只），实验组40只大鼠中8只不作处理（实验对照组），在制作青光眼模型后2 d，给予16只大鼠热休克反应处理（热休克反应组），16只大鼠硫酸锌腹腔注射（硫酸锌注射组）。观察及比较治疗前后各组大鼠眼压、RGCs中HSP72抗体含量、RGCs平均密度。结果　激光后3 d、7 d、14 d、28 d，各组大鼠右眼眼压均较激光前有所上升，且各组间差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。正常对照组大鼠不同时间点HSP72抗体在RGCs中无表达，激光后3 d实验组各组大鼠RGCs中HSP72抗体含量缓慢上升，7 d、14 d达高峰，此后逐渐下降至接近正常水平。激光后，实验组各组大鼠RGCs中HSP72抗体含量显著高于正常对照组，且热休克反应组RGCs中HSP72抗体含量均高于实验对照组，低于硫酸锌注射组，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。激光后3 d、7 d、14 d、28 d实验组各组大鼠RGCs平均密度均明显低于正常对照组，且热休克反应组RGCs平均密度显著高于实验对照组和硫酸锌注射组，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。结论　热休克蛋白反应可在青光眼模型大鼠RGCs中诱导HSP72的生成，且对青光眼性RGCs和视神经具有保护作用。     

Heat Shock Protein 72 Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Rat Model of Acute Glaucoma

Purpose: To investigate whether the induction of heat shock protein (HSP)72 by heat stress (HS) or zinc (Zn2 ) administration can increase survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGC)in rat model of acute experimental glaucoma. Methods: Acute glaucoma model was made by intracameral irrigation with BSS at 102 mmHg for two hours in right eyes of male Wistar rats. Glaucoma model rats were treated with HS once a week (six rats) or intraperitoneal injection of zinc sulfate (24.6 mg/kg) every two weeks (six rats), and were referred to as HS group and zinc group, respectively. Untreated model rats served as damage group (six rats). In control groups, querc-etin (400 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to inhibit the induction of heat shock proteins 6 hours before HS or zinc administration, and were referred to as HS que group (six rats) and zinc que group (six rats), respectively. Subsequent to 16 days of IOP elevation, the rats were sacrificed. Eyes were quickly enucleated, and the retinas were dissected. RGC were labeled with Nissl staining and counted under microscope. Results: The average RGC density in normal Wistar rats was (2504±181) cells/mm2. In damage group, it decreased to (2015±111) cells/mm2. The RGC densities at 1,2, and 3 mm from the center of the optic nerve head were (2716±215), (2496±168), and (2317±171) cells/mm2, respectively, for normal rats and (2211±133), (1969±154), and (1872±68) cells/mm2, respectively, for damage group. The latter was significantly lower at all locations compared with the former (P=0.027 for each, Mann-Whitney test). The average RGC densities were (2207±200) cells/mm2 for HS group, (2272±155) cells/mm2 for zinc group, (1964±188) cells/mm2 for HS que group, (2051 ±214) cells/mm2 for zinc que group and (2015±111) cells/mm2for damage group. There were significant differences in density of labeled RGCs among the five groups (P=0.040, Kruskal-Wallis test). Both HS and zinc group had higher RGC densities than damage group (P =0.036 between HS and damage group,P=0.019 between zinc and damage group,Mann-Whitney test). There was no significant difference in RGC densitiy between control groups and damage group (P=0.260 between HS que and damage group,P=0.748 between zinc que and damage group, Mann-Whitney test). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the induction of HSP72 in RGCs by HS or zinc administration plays an important role in the survival of RGCs in rat model of acute glaucoma. A novel therapeutic approach to glaucoma through an enhanced induction of endogenous HSP72 could be possible. Eye Science 2005;21:163-168.     

Induction of heat shock protein 72 protects retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model

PURPOSE: To investigate whether heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 is induced in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in experimental rat glaucoma and whether the induction of Hsp72 by heat stress or zinc (Zn(2+)) administration can increase survival of RGCs in the model. METHODS: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated unilaterally in Wistar rats with argon laser irradiation of the trabecular meshwork 5 days after intracameral injection of india ink. Immunohistochemical staining for Hsp72 was performed. The rats with elevated IOP were treated with heat stress once a week (six rats) or intraperitoneal injection of zinc (10 mg/kg) every two weeks (six rats). Untreated rats with elevated IOP served as a control group (six rats). Quercetin, an inhibitor of Hsp expression was injected in the rats with heat stress (six rats) and zinc injection (seven rats). Subsequent to 4 weeks of IOP elevation, RGCs were counted. RESULTS: The IOP increase compared with the contralateral eyes was 48% +/- 4% throughout the study period. Hsp72 was detected only in the eyes with elevated IOP at 1 and 2 days and was weakly detected at 1 week of IOP elevation. A single administration of zinc strongly induced Hsp72 in RGCs of rats with elevated IOP for 2 weeks. Treatment with heat stress or zinc in rats with elevated IOP increased RGC survival after 4 weeks of IOP elevation, compared with the untreated control group (P = 0.004, n = 6). Quercetin reversed the positive effect of heat stress or zinc injection on RGC survival. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the possibility of a novel therapeutic approach to glaucoma through an enhanced induction of the endogenous heat shock response.     

Retinal ganglion cell protection with geranylgeranylacetone,a heat shock protein inducer,in a rat glaucoma model

PURPOSE: To study the effects of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) on the expression of inducible (HSP72) and constitutive (HSC70) heat shock proteins (HSPs) on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a rat model of glaucoma. METHODS: Adult Wistar rats were given intraperitoneal injections of GGA at 200 mg/kg daily. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining for HSP72 and HSC70 were performed after 1, 3, and 7 days of treatment with GGA. After 7 days of GGA pretreatment, intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated unilaterally by repeated trabecular argon laser photocoagulation 5 days after intracameral injection of india ink. After the first laser photocoagulation, GGA was administered twice a week. RGC survival was evaluated after 5 weeks of elevated IOP. Immunohistochemistry and TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) were performed after 1 week of elevated IOP. Quercetin, an inhibitor of HSP expression, was also administered to a separate group. RESULTS: There was increased expression of HSP72 in RGCs at 3 and 7 days after administration of GGA, but HSC70 was unchanged. After 5 weeks of elevated IOP, there was a 27% +/- 6% loss of RGCs. The administration of GGA significantly reduced the loss of RGCs, lessened optic nerve damage, decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the RGC layer, and increased HSP72. Quercetin abolished these protective effects. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that systemic administration of GGA protects RGCs from glaucomatous damage in a rat model and suggest a novel pathway for neuroprotection in patients with glaucoma.     

大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤后碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的 观察大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤后热休克蛋白70(HsP70)的表达以及外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对其表达的影响。 方法 采用升高眼内压的方法，制作实验性视网膜缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型。将24只wistar大鼠随机分为正常组(3只)和手术组(21只)。其中手术组大鼠左眼为缺血再灌注组，右眼为bFGF治疗组(玻璃体腔内注射bFGF 2肛g)，手术组根据再灌注后不同时间分为。、4、8、12、24、48、72 h组。应用免疫组织化学方法观察大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤后视网膜内层组织中HsP70的表达及玻璃体腔内注射外源性bFGF对其表达的影响。 结果 对照组无阳性细胞表达。缺血再灌注组中，缺血再灌注O h后即可见HsP70的表达[(20．8±4．5)个／mm。]，并随时间延长而逐渐增加，至24 h达到高峰[(111．2±4．4)个／mm z]，随后阳性细胞递减，72 h时偶见阳性细胞。bFGF治疗组HsP70的表达变化规律与缺血组基本一致，但在8、12、24、48、72 h时均较缺血再灌注组显著增高(P<0.05).相似文献   

替普瑞酮对大鼠视网膜缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

背景视网膜缺血-再灌注损伤是眼科常见的病理过程,可引起永久性的视力障碍,严重影响患者的视功能,是目前国内外研究的重点课题之一。目的探讨替普瑞酮对大鼠视网膜缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法44只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组4只、单纯模型组20只和替普瑞酮治疗组20只。单纯模型组及替普瑞酮治疗组造模前分别给予大鼠生理盐水和替普瑞酮灌胃,1周后采用前房加压法制作大鼠视网膜缺血-再灌注损伤模型,并分别于再灌注后6、24、48、72h制备视网膜铺片,经苏木精-伊红染色观察各组大鼠视网膜组织结构的变化,采用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠视网膜中热休克蛋白70（HSP70）和caspase-3的表达。结果视网膜缺血-再灌注后1～6h单纯模型组大鼠角膜及视网膜出现水肿,24h视网膜水肿加重,72h视网膜水肿减轻、结构较紊乱。替普瑞酮治疗组大鼠各时间点视网膜水肿较单纯模型组轻,缺血-再灌注后72h大鼠视网膜结构损害较单纯模型组减轻。正常对照组大鼠视网膜未见HSP70及caspase-3呈阳性表达。单纯模型组大鼠在再灌注后6h可见视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）中HSP70呈阳性表达,再灌注后24h达高峰,之后逐渐下降。替普瑞酮治疗组各时间点HSP70在大鼠RGCs中的表达较单纯模型组明显增强,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。再灌注后6h可见单纯模型组大鼠RGCs中caspase-3表达,24h时caspase-3的表达量达高峰,48h后开始下降,72h仅有少量表达,而各时间点替普瑞酮治疗组视网膜中caspase-3的表达较单纯模型组大鼠明显减弱,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在视网膜缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠模型中,替普瑞酮可通过上调视网膜中HSP70的表达和下调caspase-3的表达对RGCs起保护作用。     

热休克反应对大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤的防御作用

目的 观察热休克反应对大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤的防御作用。 方法 将20只Wistar大鼠20只眼随机分为4组，每组5只大鼠。行前房灌注（perfusion）平衡盐溶液制造急性高眼压模型,为高眼压组(P组)；在制造急性高眼压模型前24 h向大鼠腹腔内注射槲皮素(quercetin) (400 mg/kg)，为高眼压＋槲皮素组(P+Q组)；在制造急性高眼压模型前24 h 热休克(heat shock)大鼠，为高眼压＋热休克组(P+H组)；分别在制造急性高眼压模型前48 、24 h，向大鼠腹腔内注射槲皮素、热休克大鼠，为高眼压＋槲皮素+热休克组(P+Q+H组) 。按照国际临床视觉电生理学会的标准化方案，采用国特医疗系统对热休克反应后实验性高眼压大鼠模型和HSP70被槲皮素特异性抑制后实验性高眼压大鼠模型进行暗适应视网膜电图(dark adapted electroretinogram, D-ERG)、振荡电位(oscillatory potentials, OPs)和明适应E RG(light adapted ERG, L-ERG)记录。采用Western blotting方法检测各组大鼠视网膜HSP 70表达情况。 结果 P+H组大鼠视网膜HSP70表达在各组大鼠中最高，P+Q、P+Q+H组大鼠视网膜HSP70表达受到抑制。前房灌注后各组大鼠ERG各波潜伏期延长、幅值减小，P+H组D-ERG的b波、OPs的O₂波的幅值较P组高。灌注0 h后，P+H组各波幅值显著增高(P值均<0.05)；灌注24 h 后，P+H组大鼠视网膜功能恢复较P组好。P+Q、P+Q+H组大鼠灌注后ERG各波及OPs的O₂波潜伏期最长，幅值最低，甚至消失。 结论 热休克反应可以提高大鼠视网膜细胞对缺血再灌注损伤的防御作用。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：117-120）     

Protection of retinal ganglion cells against optic nerve injury by induction of ischemic preconditioning

AIM: To explore if ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can enhance the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after optic nerve axotomy. METHODS: Twenty-four hours prior to retinal ischemia 60min or axotomy, IPC was applied for ten minutes in groups of (n=72) animals. The survival of RGCs, the cellular expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and the numbers of retinal microglia in the different groups were quantified at 7 and 14d post-injury. The cellular expression of HSP27 and HSP70 and changes in the numbers of retinal microglia were quantified to detect the possible mechanism of the protection of the IPC. RESULTS: Ten minutes of IPC promoted RGC survival in both the optic nerve injury (IPC-ONT) and the retinal ischemia 60min (IPC-IR60) groups, examined at 7d and 14d post-injury. Microglial proliferation showed little correlation with the extent of benefit effects of IPC on the rescue of RGCs. The number of HSP27-positive RGCs was significantly higher in the IPC-ONT group than in the sham IPC-ONT group, although the percentage of HSP27-positive RGCs did not significantly differ between groups. For the IPC-IR60 group, neither the number nor the percentage of the HSP27-positive RGCs differed significantly between the IPC and the sham-operated groups. The number of HSP70-positive RGCs was significantly higher for both the IPC-ONT and the IPC-IR60 experimental groups, but the percentages did not differ. CONCLUSION: The induction of IPC enhances the survival of RGCs against both axotomy and retinal ischemia.     

大鼠高眼压模型中热休克蛋白27抗体及视网膜神经节细胞凋亡的研究

背景 青光眼是一组以视网膜神经节细胞( RGCs)慢性丢失为特征的常见致盲性眼病.目前青光眼的发病机制尚不完全清楚,热休克蛋白27 (HSP27)抗体可能与青光眼视神经病变有关系. 目的 通过建立大鼠高眼压模型,检测血清中HSP27抗体的表达及RGCs的凋亡,了解HSP27抗体与眼压及RGCs凋亡的关系.方法 将51只Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为高眼压组34只和伪手术对照组17只,均取右眼为实验眼,左眼为对照眼.采用双极水下电凝器电凝高眼压组大鼠右眼巩膜表面3组静脉,建立高眼压动物模型.伪手术对照组大鼠右眼只剪开上方球结膜,不做电凝.分别于术后1、2、4、6、8周处死高眼压组大鼠6、6、6、8、8只,伪手术对照组大鼠3、3、3、4、4只.处死前测大鼠双眼眼压,并收集血清1 ml测定大鼠血清HSP27抗体.10只大鼠(2个组各时间点各1只)实验眼剥离视网膜,经匀浆后提取视网膜蛋白质用于Western blot分析.摘除剩余41只大鼠双侧眼球,制作石蜡切片.TUNEL法检测视网膜组织切片中RGCs的凋亡情况.结果 大鼠造模后3d,1、2、4、6、8周实验眼眼压较术前均明显增高,各时间点的总体比较差异有统计学意义( F=318.502,P＜0.01),但伪手术对照组手术前后眼压变化差异无统计学意义(F=2.076,P＞0.05).高眼压组大鼠实验眼视网膜HSP27蛋白水平与伪手术对照组大鼠实验眼比较均有升高.高眼压组大鼠术后1、2、4、6、8周血清中HSP27抗体各时间点总体比较差异有统计学意义(F=154.221,P＜0.01),随着造模时间的延长,血清HSP27抗体呈逐渐升高的趋势,而伪手术对照组手术前后HSP27抗体的变化差异无统计学意义( F=0.422,P＞0.05).高眼压组造模后实验眼不同时间点RGCs凋亡阳性细胞率比较差异有统计学意义(x2=856.12,P＜0.05).高眼压组不同时间点RGCs凋亡阳性细胞率均较伪手术对照组高(P＜0.05).结论 随着眼压的升高以及高眼压持续时间的延长,大鼠血清中的HSP27抗体水平逐渐升高,视网膜在高眼压状态下HSP27表达上调.逐渐升高的HSP27抗体水平与RGCs凋亡增加的趋势一致.     

经瞳孔温热疗法诱导大鼠热休克蛋白60在视盘中的表达

目的探讨经瞳孔温热疗法（TTT）阈下刺激诱导大鼠视盘中热休克蛋白（HSP）60的表达,探讨TTT对视盘组织超微结构的影响。方法采用810nm二极管激光对12周龄的BN大鼠56只右眼视盘进行阈值下TTT照射,选择激光参数为光斑直径0.5mm、持续时间60s、能量60mW;另设8只正常大鼠为对照。实验鼠分别于TTT照射后24h、72h和1周过量麻醉处死,实验眼的视盘组织切片制备后应用免疫组织化学染色法鉴别BN大鼠视盘TTT照射后HSP60的表达;Western blot法对TTT干预后HSP60在视盘组织中的表达进行半定量分析,并以吸光度（A）值表示。透射电镜下观察TTT照射后1周实验眼视盘组织的超微结构变化。结果免疫组织化学染色显示,HSP60在正常大鼠视盘局部呈弱阳性表达,TTT干预后24h、72h及1周HSP60的阳性染色明显增强,72h最强;Western blot蛋白质表达半定量分析显示,HSP60在正常大鼠视盘中的表达量为21458.13±156.32,在TTT干预后24h、72h及1周表达量分别为46907.24±10099.20、61848.02±2714.49、40738.01±5670.12,较正常大鼠视盘中的表达量明显上调,差异均有统计学意义（t=0.002、t=0.000、t=0.001,P〈0.01）,72h表达最强。阈下TTT干预后1周透射电镜下可见视盘神经纤维轴索部分髓鞘板层离散,个别轴索神经微丝、微管有溶解现象,有轻度轴膜下水肿,但神经纤维密度无明显减少。结论 TTT阈下刺激可诱导大鼠视盘中HSP60的表达,并对正常组织的超微结构产生轻度影响。     

重组人促红细胞生成素对大鼠视网膜缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 制作Sprague-Dawley (SD)大鼠视网膜缺血-再灌注(RIR)损伤模型,探讨腹腔内注射重组人促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)对急性RIR损伤所致的大鼠视网膜神经元损伤的保护作用及其对热休克蛋白72(HSP72)表达的影响.方法 采用前房灌注的方式建立RIR损伤模型,灌注压110 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133kPa),缺血时间1h;腹腔注射rHuEPO.78只SD大鼠随机分组:正常组6只,EPO组、EPO+槲皮黄酮组、RIR组各24只,均以右眼为实验眼.采用免疫组织化学法和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)分别测定正常对照组和各实验组大鼠再灌注24h、48 h、72 h和1周视网膜中HSP72及凋亡细胞的表达,观察各组大鼠视网膜病理学改变.结果 ①正常组大鼠视网膜中HSP72表达微弱,各实验组大鼠视网膜中HSP72表达自再灌注12 h开始增强,24h达到高峰,随后逐渐减弱,72 h时表达稍高于正常.再灌注后各时间段,EPO组大鼠视网膜中HSP72表达均高于RIR组、EPO+槲皮黄酮组(P＜0.05).②正常大鼠视网膜中几乎没有凋亡细胞.再灌注后12 h,各实验组大鼠视网膜中可见凋亡细胞,24 h达高峰,48 h后凋亡细胞数逐渐减少;再灌注后各组大鼠视网膜中凋亡细胞数比正常组多(P＜0.05).③再灌注后,RIR组,EPO+槲皮黄酮组大鼠内层视网膜明显水肿,炎性细胞侵入,膜结构逐渐破坏;EPO组大鼠视网膜结构保持相对完整,炎性细胞相对较少.结论 ①HSP72在正常大鼠视网膜中表达微弱,RIR损伤后表达增多.腹腔注射EPO可以明显诱导大鼠视网膜中HSP72的表达增多.②EPO可以减少大鼠RIR损伤后视网膜细胞凋亡,减少视网膜内炎性细胞的浸润,保护视网膜结构,对视网膜具有明显的保护作用.其机制可能与使HSP72表达上调有关.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2012,12:30-35)     

Induction of heat shock proteins 27 and 72 in retinal ganglion cells after acute pressure-induced ischaemia

Background:  We wanted to investigate whether heat shock protein (HSP) 27 and HSP 72 are induced in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after acute intraocular pressure (IOP)-induced ischaemia.
Methods:  Retinal ischaemia was induced by acutely increasing IOP to 100–110 mmHg for 30 or 90 min unilaterally in Sprague Dawley rats. A fluorescent tracer (fluorogold, FG) was applied to the superior colliculi to label RGCs. Twenty-four hours, 1 week or 2 weeks after of IOP elevation, rats were killed, RGCs counted, and immunohistochemical labelling of the retina was performed. HSP-positive RGCs were counted and normalized HSP RGC counts determined.
Results:  The ratio of FG-positive labelled RGCs in the experimental to the contralateral eye as a marker of RGC survival remained unchanged after 30 min of ischaemia: 1.09 ± 0.11 at 1 week, and 0.94 ± 0.28 at 2 weeks. After 90 min of ischaemia RGC survival decreased to 0.19 ± 0.14 at 1 week, and 0.20 ± 0.14 at 2 weeks. After 30 min of ischaemia, the normalized HSP 27- and HSP 72-positive RGC count was detected at highest levels (HSP 27: 5.42 ± 1.18; HSP 72: 12.23 ± 1.24) at 2 weeks compared with controls, whereas after 90 min ischaemia it was detected at higher levels at 1 week (HSP 27: 52.63 ± 3.65; HSP 72: 206.84 ± 60.38), as well as at 2 weeks (HSP 27: 89.00 ± 17.21; HSP 72: 191.00 ± 50.05).
Conclusion:  These results demonstrate an enhanced induction of HSP 27 and HSP 72 after 90 min acute IOP-induced ischaemia. In contrast to 30 min ischaemia, we showed time-dependent loss of RGCs after 90 min of ischaemia after 1 week or 2 weeks.     

Quercetin对晶状体上皮细胞HSP70、HSP27表达的调节作用

目的研究大鼠眼钝挫伤后晶状体上皮细胞(LECs)热休克蛋白(HSP)70、HSP27的表达,并给予喂饲Quercetin(HSP阻滞剂),观察Quercetin对LECsHSP70及HSP27表达的调节。方法SD大鼠48只,随机分成拍打组和Quercetin组,每组各24只24眼,右眼为实验眼。拍打组:20g铁球20cm高度拍打眼球100次。Quercetin组:给大鼠喂饲Quercetin(100mg/kg),2-3h后再拍打眼球。RT-PCR检测LECsHSP70、HSP27基因表达。结果钝挫性眼外伤可造成LECsHSP70基因表达的增强,拍打眼球后1hHSP70表达开始升高,3h后达到高峰,24h后降至正常。Quercetin组HSP70基因表达随时间亦出现相应的提高,但与拍打组相比其峰值下降,差异有非常显著性意义。两组HSP27基因表达均无明显改变。结论钝挫性眼外伤中LECsHSP70表达的增强提示HSP70可能在钝挫性外伤性白内障形成过程中对晶状体变性蛋白起保护作用,预先喂饲Quercetin可抑制LECsHSP70基因的表达,其作用机制可能发生于HSP转录水平。     

雌激素对鼠视网膜缺血再灌注所致视网膜 损伤的保护作用

目的探讨雌激素对大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注所致视网膜损伤的保护作用。方法60只去势雌性SD大鼠随机分为2组，行前房灌注,建立视网膜缺血再灌注(RIR)模型。实验组在升高眼压前2 h按100 μg/kg的剂量皮下注射17β-雌二醇。对照组大鼠皮下注射等量生理盐水。分别在灌注前，再灌注后12、24、48、72 h对视网膜进行常规HE染色切片，观察细胞丢失情况及测量视网膜内层厚度。采用末端脱氧核酸转移酶介导的脱氧三磷酸尿苷缺口末端标记法（TUNEL法）检测视网膜组织中凋亡细胞的表达。结果实验组再灌注后24、48 h的凋亡细胞数目明显低于对照组(P<0.05),光学显微镜下计数视网膜神经节细胞数较对照组多(P<0.05)。结论雌激素对缺血再灌注所导致的视网膜损伤具有保护作用。(中华眼底病杂志,2005,21:177-179)     

Fas/FasL在视网膜缺血再灌注损伤中的表达与细胞凋亡的关系及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的治疗作用

目的 探讨Fas/FasL在大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤中的表达与细胞凋亡的关系及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor bFGF）的治疗作用。 方法 前房加压法制作大鼠视网膜缺血再灌注损伤模型，28只大鼠随机分为正常组和手术组，其中手术组大鼠左眼为缺血再灌注组，右眼为治疗组（玻璃体腔内注射bFGF），手术组又按照再灌注后不同时间段分为1、6、12、24、48、72 h组。应用末端脱氧核酸转移酶介导的脱氧三磷酸尿苷缺口末端标记（terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotinnick-end，TUNEL）法检测视网膜神经细胞凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI)，免疫组织化学法检测视网膜组织中Fas、FasL的表达。 结果 视网膜神经细胞的凋亡出现于再灌注后6 h，并逐渐递增，24 h达到高峰，48 h开始下降，72 h组不明显。Fas、FasL 表达改变与凋亡的神经细胞改变基本一致。bFGF治疗组各观察指标表达变化规律与缺血组基本一致，但AI值在12、24、48 h组明显低于缺血组（P＜0.05）；Fas表达在6、12、24 h组较缺血组显著下降（P＜0.05）；FasL表达在12、24、48 h组较缺血组明显下降（P＜0.05）。 结论 Fas/FasL死亡诱导系统参与视网膜缺血再灌注损伤，导致神经节细胞的凋亡；bFGF可抑制Fas 、FasL的表达，减少神经节细胞凋亡，对视网膜缺血再灌注损伤有治疗作用。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：160-163）     

大鼠急性高眼压模型视网膜组织中HSP60的表达及功能

目的:探讨HSP60(热休克蛋白60)在大鼠急性青光眼模型视网膜组织中的表达及其与血清中相应抗体的关系。方法:将SD大鼠70只随机分为高眼压组60只,正常对照组10只。大鼠全身及表面麻醉后,将一盛有等渗的生理盐水的储容器相连的7号针头于3∶00位的角膜缘处刺入前房,提升储容器的高度,使眼内压达到110mmHg,但不超过150mmHg,观察大鼠眼前段变白,且视网膜色白,未见红色反光时即为视网膜缺血,缺血1h后再灌注,并于再灌注后2,6,12,24,72,168h将大鼠麻醉过量致死,处死前测眼压,抽血2mL,供酶联免疫吸附测定使用,分析视网膜组织内HSP60抗原产生的血清中相应抗体水平。并立即取出眼球,同时对鼠眼视网膜组织进行石蜡切片,采用免疫组化法检测视网膜组织中HSP60的表达及分布情况,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果:急性高眼压诱导的视网膜缺血/再灌注组眼压明显升高,视网膜组织中的HSP60阳性表达率在术后各时间点,高眼压组与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=97.21,40.72,83.85,95.82,48.63及44.37,均P<0.01)。神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cell,RGC)中HSP60阳性表达随着眼压升高及高眼压持续时间延长逐渐增强,且视网膜神经纤维层中也出现较明显的HSP60阳性表达。结论:HSP60表达增强可能在急性高眼压所致的视神经病变中具有重要作用。     

Prevention of acute postoperative pressure rises in glaucoma patients undergoing cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implant.

Acute elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP) commonly follow extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implant in glaucoma patients. Thirty six patients with glaucoma undergoing cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation received one of three treatments. Group 1: 500 mg of Diamox Sustets (acetazolamide) 1 hour preoperatively (10 patients); Group 2: peroperative intracameral Miochol (acetylcholine) (11 patients); Group 3: the above treatments combined (15 patients). IOPs were measured at 3, 6, 9, and 24 hours postoperatively. The average of the maximum pressure rises above the preoperative level over the 24 hour period was greatest for the group receiving acetazolamide only at 8.9 mm Hg; for the acetylcholine group the average maximum rise was 6.3 mm Hg; while the combined treatment group showed a decrease of 0.7 mm Hg. IOP rises of > 6 mm Hg were seen in 7% of patients (one of 15) in the combined treatment group, 45% (five of 11) of the acetylcholine group, and 70% (seven of 10) of the acetazolamide group. IOP rises of > 10 mm Hg were seen in 7% of the combined treatment group, in 18% of the acetylcholine only group, and in 50% of the acetazolamide only group. A pressure rise > 20 mm Hg was seen in one patient receiving acetazolamide only and one patient receiving acetylcholine only. The difference between the acetylcholine group and the combined group for rises > 6 mm Hg was significant using the chi 2 test while the acetazolamide group showed a significant difference for rises > 6 and 10 mm Hg compared with the combined group. All acute pressure rises were recorded before or at 9 hours following operation except in the combined treatment patient where the rise occurred at 24 hours. To prevent the acute IOP rises seen following cataract surgery with lens implant in glaucoma patients we recommend combined ocular hypotensive therapy.     

EPO对视网膜缺血再灌注损伤中WTp53、CyclinD1含量变化的影响

目的 研究促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)与视网膜缺血再灌注损伤(retinal ischemical reperfusion injury,RIRI)视网膜组织中野生型p53(wild type p53,WTp53)、CyclinDl的关系,为EPO治疗RIRI提供理论依据.方法 前房穿刺加压法制作大鼠RIRI模型,28只大鼠随机分为正常组和手术组,其中手术组大鼠左眼为RIRI组,右眼为治疗组(于再灌注开始即刻玻璃体腔内注射EPO 20 IU),手术组又按照再灌注后不同时间段分为1h、6h、12h、24h、48h、72h组.SABC免疫组织化学法检测视网膜组织中WTp53、CyclinD1的表达.结果 RIRI组视网膜在再灌注6h后可发现有WTp3、CyclinD1的表达,24h达到高峰,48h仍持续强表达,72h表达已明显下降.玻璃体腔内注射EPO后上述因子表达趋势不变,但各时间点治疗组较RIRI组表达强度明显减少(P＜0.01).结论 玻璃体腔内注射EPO可以抑制WTp53、CyclinD1表达,这可能是EPO治疗RIRI的机制之一.     

替普瑞酮对青光眼视神经保护作用的研究进展

青光眼是当今世界范围内的主要致盲性眼病之一,其病理基础是视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）的不断丢失及其轴突数目的不断减少。目前的研究发现,热休克蛋白70（HSP70）可有效减少高眼压所致的视神经损害,保护视神经。替普瑞酮（GGA）可诱导HSP70在视网膜的表达,并通过减少细胞凋亡发挥神经保护作用,减轻神经元损害,增加神经元的存活,从而为治疗青光眼提供了新前景。     

鼠青光眼模型视网膜神经节细胞中热休克蛋白27表达的研究

目的探讨热休克蛋白27(HSP27)在鼠青光眼模型视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)中的表达及其与血清中相应抗体的关系。方法将49只Wistar大鼠随机分为高眼压组(32只鼠)、sham对照(假手术)组(12只鼠)及正常对照组(5只鼠)。电凝鼠巩膜表面至少3组静脉及角膜缘周围血管,减少房水静脉回流,建立鼠青光眼模型。分别于术后1、2、3、4及8周分别处死大鼠。处死前测眼压,抽血2ml,供酶联免疫吸附测定使用,分析视网膜组织内HSP27蛋白抗原产生的血清中相应抗体水平。同时对鼠眼视网膜组织进行石蜡切片,采用免疫组化法检测RGCsHSP27的表达及分布情况,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果高眼压组右眼术后眼压明显升高,术后3d眼压(27.52±6.63)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后1周眼压(31.42±6.18)mmHg,此后眼压基本稳定。术后各时间点高眼压组右眼眼压与其术前、左眼及sham组右眼和左眼比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。血清中抗HSP27抗体滴度在术后1周缓慢升高,2、3周达高峰,此后逐渐下降至接近正常水平。术后2周和3周,高眼压组血清中HSP27抗体含量与sham对照组和正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01和P<0.05)。RGCs中HSP27阳性表达率在术后各时间点,高眼压组右眼与左眼、sham对照组右眼和左眼及正常对照组右眼和左眼比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。RGCs中HSP27阳性表达随着眼压升高及高眼压持续时间延长逐渐增强,且视网膜神经纤维层中也出现较明显的HSP27的阳性表达。结论内源性HSP27表达增强可能在青光眼视神经病变中具有重要作用。