急性脑梗死患者血清S100β蛋白、NSE及hs-CRP水平与患者病情及预后关系的探讨

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S100β蛋白及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平变化与患者病情及预后的关系。方法采用双抗体夹心ELISA法对33例脑梗死患者及25例健康对照组的血清S100β蛋白水平进行测定;并用散射比浊法测定血清hs-CRP含量,NSE的测定采用电化学发光的方法。观察并比较ACI患者在不同病情、不同梗死面积时的血清S100β蛋白、NSE和hs-CRP含量变化,采用Pearson法对三者进行相关性分析。结果脑梗死组患者血清S100β蛋白[(0.025±0.017)μg/L、NSE(10.957±5.915)μg/L、hs-CRP(7.147±10.503)mg/L]水平均显著高于正常对照组[(0.017±0.009)μg/L、(9.972±3.188)μg/L、(2.679±1.678)mg/L]增高(均P<0.05),并且随着神经功能损伤程度的增高和梗死面积的增加,血清S100β蛋白、NSE和hs-CRP含量亦明显升;S100β蛋白、NSE和hs-CRP水平间呈正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清S100β蛋白、NSE、hs-CRP水平可作为急性脑梗死患者病情判断、预后评估的指标;尤其适用于无法进行影像学检查的急性脑梗死患者。多指标相结合进行评价意义更大。     

血清PcⅢ测定对肝纤维化的诊断价值

测定16例晚期肝硬化患者的血清PcⅡ含量,分析与伴发症状的关系,同时作肝功、酶学检查,了解血清PcⅡ在肝硬化患者诊断中的临床意义。正常人血清PcⅢ厦含量;88.63±19.22μg/L,16例肝硬化病人的含量:319.68±95.42μg/L,后者明显增高(P<0.05)。其中伴肝昏迷和酒精性肝硬化患者的Pc     

川崎病患儿内脂素和血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白的含量变化

目的 观察川崎病（KD）急性期患儿血清内脂素（visfatin）和血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白（VE-cadherin）水平变化,探讨其与川崎病的相关性及临床意义.方法 90例川崎病患儿（KD组）与30例健康体检儿童（对照组）,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清内脂素和VE-cadherin含量,并结合临床表现进行分析.结果 川崎病组血清中VE-cadherin[（5.03±1.06）mg/L]含量明显高于对照组[（2.86±1.02）mg/L],内脂素[（32.35±4.82）μg/L]含量明显高于对照组[（16.83±4.36）μg/L],两组之比较差异均有统计学意义（t=15.23,12.47,P＜0.01）.川崎病组中冠状动脉损伤患儿血清VE-cadherin[（6.14±1.23）mg/L]含量明显高于冠状动脉正常患儿[（4.02±1.01）mg/L],内脂素[（36.61±5.22）μg/L]含量明显高于冠状动脉正常患儿[（28.16±4.67）μg/L],两组之间比较差异均有统计学意义（t=8.38,7.16,P＜0.01）;川崎病组血清内脂素和VE-cadherin含量呈正相关（r=0.65,P＜0.05）.结论 内脂素和VE-cadherin在川崎病急性期尤其伴冠状动脉病变时明显升高,可作为判断川崎病冠状动脉损伤的参考指标.     

病毒性脑炎患儿NSE、S100B蛋白和神经肽Y水平变化的研究

目的 探讨病毒性脑炎患儿血清及脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100B蛋白和神经肽Y（NPY）的水平变化及临床意义.方法 检测50例病毒性脑炎患儿（重症20例,轻症30例）及选择同期住院20例凝诊病毒性脑炎儿行腰穿排除中枢神经系统感染者（对照组）的血清和脑脊液NSE、S100B蛋白和NPY水平,并进行对比分析.结果 病毒性脑炎组血清和脑脊液NSE、S100B蛋白和NPY的含量[血清：（18.90±5.50）μg/L,（0.57±0.26）μg/L,（267.3±54.7）μg/L;GSF：（10.45±4.40）μg/L,（0.93±0.53）μg/L,（347.2±60.6）μg/L]均高于对照组[血清：（10.35±2.49）μg/L,（10±0.06）μg/L,（67.8±22.5）μg/L;GSF：（3.96±1.57）μg/L,（0.29±0.18）μg/L,（102.6±38.9）μg/L]（P＜0.01）,重症组血清和脑脊液NSE、S100B蛋白和NPY的含量[血清：（21.93±5.39）μg/L,（0.71±0.31）μg/L,（32.5±62.8）μg/L;GSF：（13.05±4.41）μg/L,（1.23±0.66）μg/L,（407.3±68.1）μg/L]均高于轻症组[血清：（15.93±4.02）μg/L,（0.42±0.14）μg/L,（234.7±51.2）μg/L;GSF：（8.05±1.77）μg/L,（0.63±0.26）μg/L,（320.2±59.5）μg/L]（P〈0.01）.结论 NSE、S100B蛋白和NPY的检测有助于判断儿童病毒性脑炎的病情和脑损伤程度,可作为评估预后的重要生化指标.     

PCT、HsCRP在儿童不明原因发热诊断中的应用

目的研究血清降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(HsCRP)检测在儿童不明原因发热(FUO)临床诊断中的价值。方法采用电化学发光法和免疫比浊法检测FUO患儿血清PCT和HsCRP含量,并根据最后诊断探讨其价值。结果 244例FUO患儿中,感染性疾病(152例,62.30%)、结缔组织病(34例,13.93%)、肿瘤性疾病(20例,8.20%)是其主要原因。感染性疾病患儿血清PCT[(31.65±7.26)μg/L]、HsCRP[(17.52±6.43)mg/L]比健康对照组[分别为(0.31±0.28)μg/L、(1.87±0.31)mg/L]显著升高(均P<0.01);非感染性疾病患儿血清PCT[(0.52±0.51)μg/L]、HsCRP[(1.96±0.45)mg/L]与健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在感染性疾病中,细菌感染患儿血清PCT[(43.24±8.34)μg/L]、HsCRP[(26.74±7.05)mg/L]最高,支原体/衣原体感染次之[分别为(6.72±1.65)μg/L、(15.05±2.79)mg/L],病毒感染无明显变化[分别为(0.34±0.26)μg/L、(1.89±0.66)mg/L];同时,PCT和HsCRP联合检测阳性诊断率(92.63%)比单独PCT(84.21%)或HsCRP(68.42%)检测显著升高(均P<0.01)。结论血清PCT、HsCRP联合检测可以提高FUO的早期诊断率,有助于区分感染性发热和非感染性发热、细菌感染与病毒感染,对FUO患儿的及时诊断和治疗有益。     

突发性耳聋患者内脂素和RBP4含量变化的研究

目的探讨突发性耳聋患者血清内脂素（visfatin）和视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）的含量变化,及其在突发性耳聋发生过程中的作用和意义。方法采用酶联免疫（ELISA）法检测血清内脂素和RBP4含量;检测102例突发性耳聋患者、35例其他疾病对照组和30例正常健康对照组的血清内脂素和RBP4含量,并比较治疗前后血清内脂素和RBP4的测定结果。结果突发性耳聋患者治疗后血清内脂素[（24．26±2．17）μg／L]和RBP4含量[（46．65±5．26）mg／L]显著高于其它疾病对照组[内脂素：（20．67±2．14）μg／L;RBP4：（34．37±5．73）mg／L]和健康对照组[内脂素：（17．61±2．45）μg／L;RBP4：（24．82±5．24）mg,／L]（t=10．38,10．41,12．16,15．06,P〈0．01）,较治疗前明显降低[内脂素：（32．24±2．37）μg／L;RBP4：（57．43±6．19）mg／L]（t=17．25,15．12,P〈0．01）。同时重度组突发性耳聋患者血清内脂素[（36．52±2．46）μg／L]和RBP4[（67．17±5．92）mg,／L]浓度明显高于中度组[内脂素：（28．92±2．26）μg／L;RBP4：（55．34±5．95）mg／L]（t=11．21,11．17,P〈0．01）,中度组患者明显高于轻度组[内脂素：（25．31±2．32）μg／L;RBP4：（47．48±5．82）ms／L],且差异有统计学意义（t=10。43,10．49,P〈0．01）。突发性耳聋患者血清内脂素和RBP4含量之间呈正相关（r=0．68,P〈0．01）。结论血清内脂素和RBP4水平的变化与突发性耳聋病情严重程度密切相关。     

长乐地区居民血清胃蛋白酶原和幽门螺杆菌抗体水平分析

[目的]分析长乐地区居民血清胃蛋白酶原（PG）含量和幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染率,了解基本人群分布特征,探索相关影响因素。[方法]用ELISA法检测224名居民血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ含量,并计算PGⅠ/Ⅱ比值;用ELISA法检测血清Hp IgG抗体水平。[结果]长乐地区居民血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ及PGⅠ/Ⅱ中位值分别为110.8μg/L、13.9μg/L、7.9,在不同性别、不同年龄组中3者类似。Hp感染率为49.6%,感染者血清PGⅡ值（中位数为15.8μg/L）高于非感染者（11.6μg/L,P〈0.01）,但PGⅠ/Ⅱ比值（7.3）较后者低（8.5,P=0.023）。[结论]长乐地区居民血清PG水平呈明显偏态分布,与Hp感染密切相关,是否受性别、年龄影响有待进一步研究。     

前列腺癌患者血清sE-cad的测定及与前列腺癌临床分级、分期的关系

目的 测定前列腺癌患者血清可溶性钙黏蛋白(sE-cad)水平及sE-cad与前列腺癌临床分级、分期的关系.方法 采用ELISA法检测20例健康男性(对照组)、42例前列腺癌患者(前列腺癌组)、71例前列腺增生患者(前列腺增生组)血清sE-cad水平.结果 前列腺癌组患者血清中的sE-cad水平为(12.4860±6.1731)μg/L,明显高于前列腺增生组(6.2275±1.9518)μg/L、对照组(5.6510±1.0303)μg/L(P＜0.01). 前列腺癌组不同临床分期中sE-ead水平A期(9.4732±2.5148)μg/L,B期(8.8826.±3.7830)μg/L,C期(15.9092±5.8153)μg/L,D期(19.6145±7.7869)μg,L,血滑sE-cad水平与前列腺癌的临床分期呈正相关(P＜0.05).血清sE-cad水平在前列腺癌Gleason分级中高分化(10.1213±3.3904)μg/L,中分化(14.7288±9.4082)μg/L,低分化(15.4990±5.3126)μg/L,血清sE-cad水平与前列腺癌病理分级无关(P＞0.05).结论 前列腺癌患者血清sE-cad水平升高,与前列腺癌的生物学特性密切相关,对前列腺癌的早期诊断以及预后具有重要临床意义.     

二氧化碳气腹对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后早期认知功能S-100β和NSE的影响

目的 探讨二氧化碳气腹对妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后早期认知功能S-100β和NSE的变化.方法 选全麻下择期妇科腹部手术60例,分为两组,非气腹组：传统开腹手术30例,二氧化碳气腹腹腔镜手术30例患者.观察患者术前1 d、术后1、6、24、48、72 h和出院前患者认知功能MMSE值变化和术前,术后1h采静脉血用ELISA法血清测定S-100β蛋白和NSE浓度.结果 气腹组MMSE评分在术后1、6、24、48、72 h各时点（24.67±1.47,25.97±1.50,26.77±1.61,27.07±1.87,27.37±2.06）较术前（29.17±0.76）或非气腹组（27.63±1.33,27.27±0.87,28.37±0.85,28.73±0.78）,较术前（29.23±0.86）明显降低（P〈0.01）.术后1 h气腹组和非气腹组S-100β[（0.114±0.012,0.086±0.009）μg/L]和NSE[（13.720±1.330,12.093±0.697）μg/L]与术前[（0.035±0.030,0.035±0.024;5.753±0.889,5.831±0.967）μg/L]相比均明显增高（P〈0.01）.与非气腹组[（0.086±0.009）μg/L]相比,术后1 h气腹组S-100β[（0.114±0.012）μg/L]明显增高（P〈0.05）,而2组术后1h血清NSE[（12.093±0.697,13.720±1.330）μg/L]水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.术后1h非气腹组和气腹组患者血清S-100β或NSE水平与MMSE评分呈正相关（r=0.6412,0.8126,P〈0.01）.非气腹组NSE与MMSE评分无相关（r=0.4397,P〉0.05）.而气腹组NSE与MMSE评分呈正相关（r=0.7111,P〈0.01）.结论 二氧化碳气腹可能影响妇科手术患者的术后早期认知功能MMSE评分与血清S-100β和NSE血清浓度密切相关.     

出血性疾病患者的血浆血栓调节蛋白检测的临床意义

目的探讨出血性疾病患者血浆血栓调节蛋白(TM)含量变化与临床病情的关系。方法用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测50例出血性疾病患者(其中过敏性紫癜25例,特发性血小板减少性紫癜25例)血浆TM含量,同样方法检测健康对照组40例。结果①过敏性紫癜患者血浆TM含量[(32.55±7.48)μg/L]明显高于对照组[(20.40±7.72)μg/L](t=6.90,P<0.01);②特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者血浆TM水平未见显著升高[(20.29±10.15)μg/L](P>0.05);③过敏性紫癜治疗好转组血浆TM含量[(20.15±8.02)μg/L]明显下降(t=6.46,P<0.01),而无效和复发组患者血浆TM含量分别为[(33.76±8.36)μg/L]和[(34.06±10.06)μg/L]又明显上升(P>0.05),与好转组比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论①血浆TM水平的检测有助于对上述两种出血性疾病的鉴别诊断。②过敏性紫癜患者血浆TM含量与临床病情变化密切相关,可作为了解病情、观察疗效、判断预后的指标之一。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.