数字化X线定位系统下Mammotome微创活检在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用

目的：探讨数字化俯卧式X线定位系统下Mammotome微创切除不可触及乳腺病灶在乳腺癌早期诊断的临床应用价值.方法：2004年12月～2005年5月,应用IORAD数字化俯卧式穿刺床X线立体定位系统引导下Mammotome系统对67例患者73个临床不可触及乳腺钼靶X线片表现为可疑病灶进行微创切除活检.73个病灶中X线摄片：42例为孤立簇状聚集钙化,27例为不规则致密影并簇状钙化,4例为局部腺体结构扭曲.术前BIRADS评级Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ级分别为51、1 7和5个.结果：67例患者73个病灶,乳腺癌1 3个（1 7.8%）,其中4个为乳腺导管内癌.3个导管内癌并早期浸润.6个浸润性导管癌.良性病变60个（82.1%）.13个乳腺癌术后分期：2个为0期.9个为Ⅰ期.2个为ⅡA期.13个中11个为早期乳腺癌（84.6%）.结论：应用LORAD数字化俯卧式X线立体定位系统引导下Mammotome系统微创活检不可触及乳腺X线摄片发现的微小病灶.是一种确诊早期乳腺癌的微创方法.     

X线立体定位引导真空负压旋切活检在诊断0期乳腺癌的应用价值

目的探讨X线立体定位引导真空负压旋切活检技术在临床触诊和B超检查均为阴性乳腺微小病灶中诊断0期乳腺癌方面的价值。方法本院于2007年10月～2009年5月用数字化俯卧式穿刺活检定位系统引导真空负压旋切活检系统对113例B超检查为阴性临床不可触及的X线下可疑病灶(BIRADS评级为4级)进行微创切取活检。结果手术成功率100%。113例病例中共发现18例乳腺癌,其中乳腺导管内癌12例,导管内癌并微浸润(浸润突破基底膜小于2mm)4例,浸润性导管癌1例,浸润性小叶癌1例。乳腺癌术后病理分期0期12例,Ⅰ期6例。无严重出血等并发症。结论 X线立体定位引导真空负压旋切活检临床触诊和B超检查均为阴性的X线下乳腺微小病灶,对诊断0期乳腺癌有较高的价值。     

钼靶X线下导丝定位乳腺微小病灶切除术在早期乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨钼靶X线下导丝定位乳腺微小病灶切除术在早期乳腺癌诊断中的价值.方法: 对34例乳腺未触及肿块而钼靶X线乳腺摄片显示有结节或恶性可能的簇状钙化灶患者在钼靶X线引导下行乳腺微小病灶导丝定位切除术,术后快速冰冻病理检查.结果: 34例患者均一次成功定位,病理检查结果发现早期乳腺癌7人,其中原位癌4例,导管内癌2例,浸润性导管癌1例;良性病变27例.结论: 钼靶X线下导丝定位乳腺微小病灶切除术可明显提高早期乳腺癌的诊断水平.     

未见明显肿块及钙化的乳腺癌X线表现分析

目的:总结分析无明显肿块及钙化的乳腺癌钼靶X线片特征。方法:回顾性分析26例经手术及病理证实为乳腺癌,而钼靶X线片未见明显肿块及钙化病例的X线片、病史资料、B超检查等。结果:26例病例临床均触及肿块或结节,乳腺分型25例为散在纤维腺体型(少量腺体型)和不均质型(多量腺体型),病灶与腺体无明显分界。24例为乳腺浸润性导管癌,2例为浸润性小叶癌。结论:乳腺钼靶X线片未见明显肿块及钙化,而临床触及肿块或结节的病例,应结合B超及体检仔细分析X线片,并与对侧比较,能明显提高乳腺癌的诊断准确率。     

未见明显肿块及钙化的乳腺癌X线表现分析

目的:总结分析无明显肿块及钙化的乳腺癌钼靶X线片特征.方法:回顾性分析26例经手术及病理证实为乳腺癌,而钼靶X线片未见明显肿块及钙化病例的X线片、病史资料、B超检查等.结果:26例病例临床均触及肿块或结节,乳腺分型25例为散在纤维腺体型(少量腺体型)和不均质型(多量腺体型),病灶与腺体无明显分界.24例为乳腺浸润性导管癌,2例为浸润性小叶癌.结论:乳腺钼靶X线片未见明显肿块及钙化,而临床触及肿块或结节的病例,应结合B超及体检仔细分析X线片,并与对侧比较,能明显提高乳腺癌的诊断准确率.     

临床未触及肿块的乳腺钼靶片内簇状钙化临床意义的研究

目的 :探讨临床未触及肿块由钼靶发现乳腺内簇状钙化的临床意义。方法 :对临床未触及肿块而钼靶摄影发现乳腺内簇状钙化经我院手术病理证实的 79例病例共 86个病灶 ,分析其大小、数量、形态及分布情况并作良恶性对照研究。结果 :79例病例 86个乳腺内簇状钙化灶 ,乳腺癌 4 1个 (占4 7 6 7% ) ,其中 2 4个为原位癌或早期浸润性乳腺癌 ,14个为浸润性导管癌。良性病变 4 5个(52 33% )。结论 :根据乳腺内钙化的X线特征可为临床估计其良恶性几率提供线索。     

数字乳腺X线导丝定位技术在不可触及乳腺病变的应用

目的:探讨数字乳腺X线导丝定位技术引导手术切除不可触及的乳腺病变(NPBL)的临床应用价值.方法:回顾分析40例临床触诊阴性,而行数字乳腺X线摄影(DM)显示成簇细小钙化、模糊小结节及局部结构紊乱等病灶的女性患者临床资料,行计算机立体定位,置留导丝于可疑病灶处,引导手术切除,标本经照像证实,病变切除后送检病理科,根据病理结果制定进一步治疗方案.结果:40例患者行DM发现病灶41个,置留导丝41根,导丝引导手术活检41次.X线表现:成簇或不规则钙化33个(80.5%),局部结构紊乱1个(2.4%),肿物7个(17.1%).病理结果:恶性病变16个(39.0%),其中导管内癌13个(31.7%),浸润性导管癌3个(7.3%),行乳腺癌根治性手术;良性病变25个(61.0%),包括纤维腺瘤6个(14.6%),导管内乳头状瘤2个(4.9%),乳腺增生病17个(41.5%).定位切除成功率为100%.结论:DM引导导丝定位活检技术,对不可触及的乳腺病变可准确定位,解决了外科医生盲目手术切除的困难,还可以明确病变的良恶性,对提高早期乳腺癌诊断具有重要意义.     

成簇细小钙化在乳腺疾病X线诊断中的分析

目的 :探讨成簇细小钙化在乳腺疾病X线诊断中的意义 ,分析其对乳腺癌诊断的特异性价值。方法 :复读 4 5例乳腺疾病的X线钼靶摄片 ,复查并分析其临床病案资料和病理资料。结果 :4 5例中乳腺癌 39例占 86.7% ,乳腺良性病变 6例占 13.3% ,临床上触及肿块而乳腺钼靶摄片中见明显成形影块 ,边缘呈毛刺改变 ,块影内或外见成簇细小钙化 2 9例 ,均经手术活检证实为乳腺癌。发现 8例临床未及乳腺肿块因X线摄片见成簇细小钙化 ,占 17.6% ,其中 4例病理证实为导管内癌。钙化的形态、数量、分布与肿块大小、分期及腋下淋巴结转移无关 ,并以泥沙样局限于肿块内钙化多见 ,病理中也能看到2 4例有钙化。结论 :成簇细小钙化在乳腺疾病的X线诊断中有重要意义 ,对于临床触及乳腺肿块而摄片中见成簇细小钙化存在于有毛刺、呈分叶状边缘的块影或结节 ,诊断一般不存在困难 ,往往提示恶性。而摄片见成簇细小钙化临床又未触及乳腺肿块一定不能掉以轻心 ,虽然存在良性乳腺疾病可能 ,仍应在放射科和病理科配合下行手术活检以明确钙化性质。     

40例早期乳腺癌的临床X线分析

目的：通过对早期乳腺癌X线征象的认识，提高早期乳腺癌的诊断水平。方法：经手术病理证实的40例早期乳腺癌术前均行临床查体、X线摄片。结果：全组22例表现为肿瘤结节，19例表现簇样钙化，11例表现小灶致密影，7例局部结构紊乱，2例单支导管扩张。结论：早期乳腺癌无论在临床表现、影像学检查均可出现不典型特征，诊断早期乳腺癌除了重视特征性征象如毛刺状结节、簇样钙化外，还应重视小灶致密影、局部结构紊乱、单支导管扩张等间接征象。乳腺X线摄片及临床查体是发现早期乳腺癌的重要手段。     

具有微灶钙化、临床未能触及肿块的乳腺癌的早期诊断

目的：探讨乳腺X线摄片显示微灶钙化但临床未触及肿块患者的早期诊断方法。方法：乳腺X线片内显示微灶钙化的57例，有35例进行了乳腺X线立体定位空心针活检，23例进行了乳腺X线立体定位手术活检。穿刺活检或手术切除标本经常规制片，光镜下对钙化灶进行定位，半定量及钙化灶形态的观察、分析。并进行组织学的诊断。结果：经乳腺X线立体定位空心针活检的35例中，24例镜下见钙化灶，诊断导管内癌8例，浸润性导管癌4例。经X线立体定位手术活检的23例中，20例见钙化灶，诊断导管内癌5例，浸润性导管癌3例，浸润性小叶癌1例。结论：通过病理科、外科、放射科医师的密切合作，应用乳腺X线立体定位空心针活检及手术活检方法，对临床未触及肿块，乳腺X线摄片显示微灶钙化的患者，可以早期发现乳腺癌，最终以提高乳腺癌患者的生存期。     

Breast biopsy for mammographically detected non-palpable lesions using a vacuum-assisted biopsy device (Mammotome) and an upright-type stereotactic mammography unit.

BACKGROUND: It is planned to start screening mammography throughout Japan in the near future. However, a minimally invasive biopsy procedure for mammographically detected non-palpable breast lesions is not available in almost all Japanese hospitals. It is crucial to develop a useful minimally invasive biopsy method which can be applied without difficulty. METHODS: Eighty-nine biopsies for 88 mammographically detected non-palpable breast lesions, consisting of 70 lesions with microcalcifications alone, eight masses without calcifications and 10 with both masses and microcalcifications, were performed using the combination of a vacuum-assisted biopsy device (Mammotome) and an upright-type stereotactic mammography unit. RESULTS: Microcalcifications were confirmed radiographically in the tissue obtained from 78 biopsies among 81 biopsies for the lesions with microcalcifications (96.3%). All the lesions without calcifications were considered to be biopsied successfully. Five patients complained of nausea or fainted during the localization or biopsy procedure and an additional patient suffered from hyperventilation syndrome. Five cases experienced mild subcutaneous bleeding in the breasts. CONCLUSIONS: The biopsy technique using the combination of a vacuum-assisted biopsy device and an upright-type stereotactic mammography unit is a cost-effective, safe and very useful method for mammographically detected non-palpable breast lesions. It is expected to be a standard method of biopsy for such lesions in many developed countries other than the USA. However, it is important to make the patients relaxed during the biopsy to prevent mental strain.     

Lateral Decubitus Positioning Stereotactic Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy with True Lateral Mammography

Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) has been used to evaluate microcalcifications or non-palpable breast lesions on mammography. Although stereotactic VAB is usually performed in a prone or upright position, an expensive prone table is necessary and vasovagal reactions often occur during the procedure. For these reasons, the lateral decubitus position can be applied for stereotactic VAB, and true lateral mammography can be used to detect the lesion. We report on 15 cases of lateral decubitus positioning for stereotactic VAB with true lateral mammography for non-palpable breast lesions or microcalcifications. The mean procedure time was approximately 30.1 minutes, and no complications occurred during the procedures. Fourteen cases had benign breast lesions and one case had a ductal carcinoma in situ. The lateral decubitus stereotactic VAB with true lateral mammography can be applied for microcalcifications or non-palpable breast lesions and helps to minimize anxiety and vasovagal reactions in patients.     

数字化X 线立体定位真空辅助活检术诊断T0期乳腺癌的临床研究*

目的:探讨数字化X 线立体定位真空辅助活检术对临床触诊阴性乳腺癌的早期诊断价值。方法:2007年10月至2009年9 月南方医科大学附属深圳市妇幼保健院应用Lorad数字化钼靶机和Lorad Multicare俯卧式活检系统引导Vacora 对243 例临床不可触及的可疑病灶（BI-RADS 评级为Ⅳ级及以上）行真空辅助活检术。结果:活检成功率为99.6%（242/243）,手术时间20～60min,中位时间32min。术后病理:乳腺导管内癌21例、导管内癌伴微浸润7 例、浸润性导管癌2 例、浸润性小叶癌1 例;病理分期:0 期21例、Ⅰ期9 例、ⅡA 期1 例;乳腺导管上皮不典型增生22例,占活检总数的9.1% 。术后出现皮下瘀斑15例、血肿形成11例,未见其他严重手术并发症。结论:数字化俯卧式穿刺活检定位系统引导Vacora 真空负压辅助活检系统（10G）对钼靶下的乳腺微小病灶的活检术,具有活检定位精准、手术成功率高、创伤小等特点,对T0 期乳腺癌的早期诊断有较高的临床应用价值。      

立体定位针吸活检与导丝导向切除活检对隐匿性乳腺病变诊断价值的比较

临床触诊阴性而乳腺摄片或者高频超声探头探测的微小病灶分别用钼靶X线或B超立体定位下穿刺活检病理检查 ,随后将头端带有倒勾的钢丝头端置于病灶中心 ,指导手术切除病理检查。结果示 5 1例患者 ,穿刺活检检出 2 3例恶性病变 ,良性病变 2 8例 ;此 2 8例良性肿瘤 ,其中 4例在导丝导向活检中诊断恶性疾病 ,针吸活检乳腺癌的诊断符合率 92 2 % ( 4 7/ 5 1) ,假阴性率 7 8% ( 4 / 5 1)。初步研究结果提示 ,X线或B超下乳腺病灶穿刺活检及钢丝导向手术切除病灶活检均具有定位准确、创伤小 ,是诊治隐匿性乳腺疾病的可靠方法。但针吸活检有一定的漏诊率     

Utility of an upright-type 11-gauge stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy device （Mammotome@） for the diagnosis of breast microcalcifications

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of an upright-type 11-gauge stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy device (Mammotome®) for the diagnosis of breast microcalcifications

Methods

Between May 2001 and October 2005, 154 biopsies in 152 patients with microcalcifications were performed using the upright-type 11-gauge stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy device. Patients in whom this biopsy was diagnosed as carcinoma or a borderline lesion, had a subsequent surgical excision of the lesion. Histopathological and radiological features of the two specimens were then compared with each other.

Results

Microcalcification was identified on specimen mammograms and microscopic slides in 97.4% of cases. Of 154 Mammotome biopsies 98 (63.6%) were benign, 51 (33.1%) were malignant, 3 (1.9%) showed atypical hyperplasia, and 2 (1.3%) were indeterminate, respectively. Of the 48 cases that received surgical excision, 6 of 36 ductal carcinomas in situ (16.7%) upstaged to invasive ductal carcinoma and 1 of 2 atypical ductal hyperplasias was upstaged to ductal carcinoma in situ. The positive predictive value of the 11-gauge Mammotome for the diagnosis of invasion in breast cancer was 100%. Linear calcification and pleomorphic calcification linear/segmental distribution was reliable indications of malignancy. The mean follow-up time of the benign lesions was 22 months, and without evidence of lesion growth. Complications included vasovagal reactions (6.3%), bleeding (0.6%) and hematoma (2.6%).

Conclusion

The upright stereotactic 11-gauge Mammotome procedure is an effective and reliable method for the diagnosis of breast microcalcifications. It has minimal side effects. For lesions diagnosed as ADH or DCIS with the 11-gauge Mammotome, subsequent surgical excision should be performed.     

全数字化俯卧式X 线立体钢丝定位术在乳腺微钙化病灶中的应用价值*

目的:探讨X 线立体定位钢丝引导切取活检术（SWLB）对乳腺微钙化病灶的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2007年5 月至2008年5 月南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院45例行SWLB 活检的乳腺隐匿性病变,所有病例均为临床触诊阴性而乳腺X 线摄影发现微钙化病灶,将活检标本病理结果与X 线表现进行对照。结果:45例SWLB 活检组织标本病理结果中恶性病变13例（28.9%）,其中包括导管原位癌3 例（23.1%）,导管原位癌伴微浸润4例（30.8%）,浸润性导管癌5 例（38.5%）,导管内乳头状癌1 例（7.7%）;良性病变32例（71.1%）,其中包括导管上皮重度非典型增生2 例（6.3%）。 结论:SWLB 可准确引导切检临床阴性的乳腺微钙化病灶,明确乳腺微钙化的性质,提高早期乳腺癌的检出率。      

乳腺X线立体定位空芯针活检的临床应用

目的评价乳腺X线立体定位空芯针活检在乳腺疾病诊治中的价值.方法采用计算机辅助乳腺X线立体定位系统、弹射式自动活检枪和14-gauge的空芯针.结果对影像学诊断发现异常的71个病灶进行X线立体定位空芯针活检.对照手术或1年以上(13～45个月)的随访结果,该组的诊断特异性和敏感性分别为100％和92％.有73％的良性病灶经空芯针活检明确诊断后免除了手术活检.结论 X线立体定位空心针活检是用于乳腺X线发现的临床摸不到肿块的病灶的一种安全有效的微创活检方法,并使大量良性病变免除手术活检并节省了医疗开支.     

Upright stereotactic vacuum-assisted needle biopsy of suspicious breast microcalcifications

Stereotactic core needle biopsy is a useful technique for evaluation of suspicious breast microcalcifications. The development of the 11-G vacuum-assisted biopsy system offers another method of minimally invasive biopsy carried out on a conventional mammography unit. We evaluate its usefulness, efficacy and safety in Asian women. Vacuum-assisted biopsy was carried out through the lateral approach using an add-on stereotactic device attached to a mammography unit. One hundred and five lesions were sampled in 97 patients. Excisional biopsy was subsequently Carried out for diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia or carcinoma in high-risk patients. Patients with benign diagnosis underwent mammographic follow up. The technical success rate was 97%. An average of 13.5 tissue cores were retrieved for each lesion. The histopathological result obtained from mammotome was benign in 84.8% and malignant in 15.2%. The benign microcalcifications were predominantly fibrocystic change (n = 42) whereas the malignant microcalcifications included ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 15) and invasive carcinoma (n = 1). Twenty-two patients underwent subsequent open surgical biopsy but no underestimation of disease was seen. Only two patients had vasovagal syncope and three others felt unwell during the biopsy. Nine patients had small haematomas, which resolved spontaneously. Vacuum-assisted biopsy carried out on an upright stereotactic mammography unit is a safe and effective method for evaluation of suspicious microcalcifications.     

Stereotactic Vacuum-Assisted Core Biopsy Results for Non-Palpable Breast Lesions

Background: The increase in breast cancer awareness and widespread use of mammographic screening has led to an increased detection of (non-palpable) breast cancers that cannot be discovered through physical examination. One of the methods used in the diagnosis of these cancers is vacuum-assisted core biopsy, which prevents a considerable number of patients from undergoing surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to present the results of stereotactic vacuum-assisted core biopsy for suspicious breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Files were retrospectively scanned and data on demographic, radiological and pathological findings were recorded for patients who underwent stereotactic vacuum-assisted core biopsy due to suspicious mammographic findings at the Interventional Radiology Centre of the Florence Nightingale Hospital between January 2010, and April 2013. Statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson’s Chi-square, continuity correction, and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47 years (range: 36-70). Biopsies were performed due to BIRADS 3 lesions in 8 patients, BIRADS 4 lesions in 77 patients, and BIRADS 5 lesions in 3 patients. Mammography elucidated clusters of microcalcifications in 73 patients (83%) and focal lesions (asymmetrical density, distortion) in 15 patients (17%). In terms of complications, 1 patient had a hematoma, and 2 patients had ecchymoses (3/88; 3.3%). The histopathologic results revealed benign lesions in 63 patients (71.6%) and malignant lesions in 25 patients (28.4%). The mean duration of the procedure was 37 minutes (range: 18-55). Although all of the BIRADS 3 lesions were benign, 22 (28.6%) of the BIRADS 4 lesions and all of the BIRADS 5 lesions were malignant. Among the malignant cases, 80% were in situ, and 20% were invasive carcinomas. These patients underwent surgery. Conclusions: In cases where non-palpable breast lesions are considered to be suspicious in mammography scans, the vacuum-assisted core biopsy method provides an accurate histopathologic diagnosis thus preventing a significant number of patients undergoing unnecessary surgical procedures.