有氧运动对学龄儿童工作记忆刷新功能影响的Meta分析

运用Meta分析法对相关研究文献进行合并分析,探讨有氧运动对学龄儿童工作记忆刷新功能影响的剂量效应关系,为今后相关研究提供循证依据.方法 以“有氧运动”“工作记忆”“记忆刷新”“执行功能”“学龄儿童”“aerobic exercise”“working memory”“executive function”“children”“school-age children”“teenagers”“school child”为中英文检索词,数据库平台包括中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)数据库、万方数据库、SCI科学引文索引WOS数据库、PubMed数据库和Springer link数据库,文献的检索时间为2017年9月24日,时间跨度为数据库建立至2017年9月,共收集中英文文献381篇,经过筛选后纳入文献26篇,包含研究样本2 158名,采用随机效应模型进行分析.结果 中等强度有氧运动对学龄儿童工作记忆刷新功能影响的合并效应值Z=10.42(P<0.01),加权均数差(WMD)为0.93,95% CI=0.76~ 1.11;高强度有氧运动组的合并效应值Z=0.45(P=0.86),WMD值为0.09,95%CI=-0.31 ~0.50.结论 中等强度有氧运动对学龄儿童的工作记忆刷新功能具有提升作用,而高强度有氧运动对学龄儿童的工作记忆刷新功能无提升作用.     

运动干预对高血压患者血脂影响的Meta分析

目的评价运动干预对高血压患者血脂的干预效果,为高血压病人群血脂干预方案的进一步选择和优化提供参照依据。方法在中国知网、维普、万方数据库、Pub Med、Cochrane Library和Springer Link数据库全面收集2012年1月1日—2016年12月31日国内外公开发表的我国运动干预对高血压患者血脂效果的随机对照试验研究;采用Stata12.0软件,通过meta分析的方法评估运动干预对高血压患者血脂影响,并进行亚组分析。结果纳入8篇文献,干预组人数472,对照组人数458。meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,干预后运动干预组TC(WMD=-0.50,95%CI:-0.79~-0.20)、TG(WMD=-0.38,95%CI:-0.59~-0.16)、LDL-C(WMD=-0.86,95%CI:-1.37~-0.36)降低,HDL-C(WMD=-0.45,95%CI:-1.10~-0.13)升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);亚组分析结果显示干预组与对照组差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);敏感性分析结果显示本研究结果稳定可靠;Egger’s线性回归法结果表明研究没有发表偏倚。结论运动干预对降低高血压患者血脂水平有积极作用。     

运动干预对超重肥胖儿童青少年身体成分影响的网状Meta分析

目的 采用网状Meta分析方法比较有氧、抗阻、有氧结合抗阻3种运动方式对超重/肥胖儿童、青少年身体成分的影响,为儿童青少年超重/肥胖干预研究和实践提供更全面有效的证据.方法 检索中国知网、维普网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库公开发表的与"运动干预对超重/肥胖儿童青少年体成分"相关的随机对照试验...     

体育活动干预对中国3~6岁幼儿身体素质影响Meta分析

  目的  系统量化评价1992—2020年有组织的体育活动对中国3~6岁幼儿身体素质的影响,为开展精准有效的干预实践、进一步提高幼儿身体素质提供方法参考。  方法  检索中国知网、万方数字资源、维普数据库、EBSCO运动数据库、Web of Science数据库,根据纳入与排除标准收集有关体育活动对中国3~6岁幼儿身体素质影响的随机对照实验。中文检索词包括:(幼儿OR学龄前儿童OR学前儿童)AND(身体素质OR体质)AND(干预实验OR干预研究OR随机对照实验)等,英文检索词包括:(preschool OR kindergarten OR young children OR nursery)AND(physical fitness)AND(randomized controlled trial)AND(Chinese OR China)等。  结果  共纳入23项研究2 386名幼儿。Meta分析结果显示,体育活动对于幼儿立定跳远(SMD=0.61,95%CI=0.46~0.76)、坐位体前屈(SMD=0.53,95%CI=0.36~0.70)、10 m折返跑(SMD=-0.84,95%CI=-1.08~-0.61)、双脚连续跳(SMD=-0.74,95%CI=-0.90~-0.58)、走平衡木(SMD=-0.54,95%CI=-0.70~-0.39)的成绩有中到高度的影响,而对网球掷远(SMD=0.39,95%CI=0.26~0.51)成绩影响较低。  结论  定期开展有针对性的体育活动能显著提高幼儿的身体素质,不同类型指标所反映的身体素质受体育活动内容、干预时长、锻炼频率、年龄等因素制约而影响不同。     

体育锻炼对老年性痴呆干预效果的Meta分析

目的综合分析体育锻炼对老年性痴呆(Alzheimer’s Disease,AD)的干预效果,为改善老年人认知功能,延缓AD病情提供依据。方法收集2001-2011年国内外公开发表的关于体育锻炼对AD干预效果的文献,并用Stata12.0软件对这些文献进行Meta分析。采用卡方值和P值分析各研究结果间的统计学异质性。选用随机效应模型进行合并效应量,并通过OR值及其95%置信区间来衡量干预效果。结果纳入本次Meta分析的文献共有10篇,累计病例数2 804例。综合分析后的OR值及其95%置信区间(95%CI)为:OR=0.48,95%CI(0.33～0.64),结果具有统计学意义。结论经常参加体育锻炼可以改善老年人的认知功能,延缓AD病情的进展。     

运动疗法对单纯性儿童肥胖干预效果的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析评价运动疗法对单纯性儿童肥胖的干预效果。方法以"儿童"、"单纯性肥胖"、"肥胖"、"运动"等为主题词和关键词计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普期刊全文数据库(VIP)、万方医药期刊数据库、Medline、PubMed以及EMBASE等数据库,并辅以文献追溯等方法,收集有关运动疗法治疗单纯性儿童肥胖的随机对照试验,检索时间均从建库至2013年5月;运用Review Manager 5.0对纳入文献进行定量评价。结果共纳入10篇研究文献。Meta分析结果显示:运动干预组与对照组相比较体质指数降低值的加权均数差(WMD)为-1.00,[95%可信区间为(-1.68~-0.32)]、体重降低值的WMD为-1.79,[95%可信区间为(-3.23~-0.35)]、脂肪质量减少值的WMD为-2.71,[95%可信区间为(-3.02~-2.40)]。结论运动疗法对肥胖儿童降低体质指数、体重、减少脂肪质量方面有较好的效果,可以推广运动疗法在单纯性肥胖儿童中的应用。     

老年跌倒干预措施效果的Meta分析

[目的]评价各种锻炼、家居环境危险因素调整和多因素评估与干预在预防老年跌倒上的效应大小。[方法]通过检索Medline、Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、《中国生物医学文献数据库》(CBMdisc)与其他数据库及追溯参考文献收集与老年跌倒预防有关的随机对照试验,按入选标准筛选后提取其中的数据进行Meta分析。[结果]共有25篇文献收录。Meta分析显示,锻炼在预防老年跌倒发生上,总RR为0.885,95%CI为(0.808,0.970);在预防创伤性跌倒的发生上,总RR(95%CI)为0.675(0.511,0.892)。家居环境危险因素调整在预防全老年人群上总RR(95%CI)为0.854(0.751,0.972);在预防有跌倒史的老年人群上总RR(95%CI)为0.659(0.537,0.808)。多因素评估及干预在预防老年跌倒和创伤性跌倒上,总效应RR(95%CI)分别为0.817(0.688,0.969)和0.764(0.595,0.981)。[结论]锻炼、家居环境危险因素调整和多因素评估及干预都可以减少老年跌倒或创伤性跌倒的发生。     

移动通讯技术对儿童青少年肥胖干预效果的Meta分析

目的评价移动医疗在儿童青少年肥胖干预中对蔬菜与水果摄入量,视屏时间,体质量指数(BMI),BMI Z分及腰围的干预效果,为移动医疗应用于儿童青少年肥胖的干预研究提供循证依据。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方等数据库,组合关键词"prevention""children""adolescents""obesity""weight loss""m-Health""mobile phone""mobile application""mobile technology""cell phone""smartphone""mobile apps""儿童""青少年""肥胖""移动医疗""手机""手机应用"为中英文检索词,收集2018年12月前发表的关于移动医疗对儿童青少年肥胖干预效果的研究文献。采用Stata 13. 0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入15篇相关文献,移动医疗干预对儿童青少年的蔬菜与水果摄入量、视屏时间有影响,标准化均数差(SMD)及95%CI分别为0. 54(0. 27～0. 81),-0. 32(-0....     

中国女性性工作者艾滋病干预效果Meta分析

近年来,中国艾滋病的流行呈快速上升趋势,虽然国内艾滋病的传播方式仍以注射吸毒感染为主,但女性性工作者(female sexual worker,FSW)在艾滋病病毒性接触传播中起着重要作用^〔1〕。根据全国艾滋病哨点监测,中国FSW平均艾滋病感染率从1995年到2000年增长了66倍^〔2〕。近年来,国内已进行多项针对中国FSW艾滋病干预的研究,但干预效果存在差异。本研究应用Meta分析方法对以往研究结果进行综合定量评价,旨在探讨中国FSW艾滋病的干预效果,为艾滋病干预措施的实施和推广提供参考依据。     

Relationships among black families' cardiovascular disease risk factors

BACKGROUND. As participants in the District of Columbia Studies of Children's Activity and Nutrition (D.C. SCAN), 262 black mothers and two of each mother's children (3-4 and 8-10 years of age) were measured in their homes for selected cardiovascular disease risk factors: serum total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, height and weight for body mass index, fitness (sum of pulses), activity, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds. RESULTS. For each measure, mothers in the highest quartile were more likely to have children who were also in the highest quartile, and mothers in the lowest quartile were more likely to have children who were in the lowest quartile. For the physiological measures, (with the exception of systolic blood pressure), correlations tended to be stronger between the siblings than between the younger child and the mother, and older siblings' physiological measures contributed to the prediction of younger siblings' physiological measures after controlling for mothers' physiological measures. Relationships between family cardiovascular disease risk factor history and children's serum total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels tended to be gender related; i.e., family cardiovascular disease risk factors on the mother's side were more likely to be related to levels among the female but not the male children and vice versa. When personal characteristics were controlled for, the family's cardiovascular disease history was related more strongly to the younger than to the older sibling's systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. CONCLUSIONS. Results tend to substantiate the importance of screening and counseling other family members, especially a child of the same gender as the parent with a cardiovascular disease or an elevated risk factor level.     

汉川农村学龄儿童伤害现况及危险因素分析

目的了解湖北省汉川市农村学龄儿童伤害状况和危险因素, 为制定相应预防和干预策略提供依据。方法分层整群随机抽取汉川市4所农村中小学3~5年级和7~8年级的所有儿童共1 828人作为调查对象, 自行设计问卷对伤害状况进行调查。结果汉川市农村中小学生伤害发生率为20.13%, 伤害类型以意外跌落(42.93%)为主, 伤害地点以家中(33.15%)、道路(27.45%)、学校(18.48%)较多, 伤害部位以四肢最多见(75.27%), 伤害时间以5—7月高发;多因素logistic回归分析筛选出危险因素为男性、身体状况很差、曾有意外伤害史、偶尔参与打架和家或周围有养动物, 保护因素为年龄12~13岁、看护人年龄≤30岁、不照看小孩。结论汉川市农村学龄儿童伤害发生率较高, 伤害的发生不仅与儿童自身和家庭因素有关, 还与其生活社交状况、周围环境因素有密切联系。     

Screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors among employees of a hospital]

A health promotion and screening program for the detection of the major risk factors for ischemic heart disease was carried out in 1990 among the employees (n = 4,521; 70% female) of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV). The prevalence of risk factors among the 1,425 employees (73% female) who took part in the study (participation rate: males 29%, females 33%) was compared with the prevalence of risk factors within three other populations: 1) new CHUV employees, who are systematically screened (n = 424: 71% female); 2) a representative sample of the general population; and 3) a group of employees from 44 companies located in the same region. Smoking was the most common of the three main risk factors; its prevalence was lowest among CHUV employees and highest among employees of the 44 firms. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and high blood pressure was variable among the different populations. These variations could partly be due to differences in methodologies and measurement conditions, but could not totally be explained in this way.     

中国居民高血压的危险因素Meta分析

摘要:目的　综合评价中国居民高血压的主要危险因素,为高血压的一级预防提供循证依据。方法　检索收集国内2003-2012年发表的高血压危险因素病例对照研究文献,应用Lichtenstein量表进行文献质量评估,采用Meta分析方法进行定量综合分析,绘制森林图,计算危险因素合并OR值及其95%置信区间,通过绘制漏斗图和计算失安全系数Nfs控制偏倚。结果　纳入文献37篇,各危险因素合并OR值（95% CI）由高到低依次为:糖尿病史OR＝2.76（2.24,3.39）;超重OR＝2.61（2.19,3.11）;高血压家族史OR＝2.56（2.35,2.79）;高盐饮食OR＝1.47（1.16,1.85）;饮酒OR＝1.15（1.07,1.24）;吸烟OR＝1.14（1.05,1.23）。结论　糖尿病史、超重、高血压家族史、高盐饮食、饮酒、吸烟均为中国居民高血压的危险因素。     

学龄儿童骨密度水平及其膳食影响因素

探究膳食因素对学龄儿童骨密度的影响,为实施高效率干预计划提供科学依据.方法 选取唐山市3所小学一~六年级学生2 046名,进行骨健康相关因素调查、膳食调查和骨密度测定.结果 学龄儿童超声骨密度的平均声波传导速度(SOS)为(1 530.2 ±21.0)m/s.6~9岁年龄组随年龄增长SOS值呈下降趋势,10~13岁儿童SOS值略有回升.对学龄儿童SOS值有正性影响的膳食因素作用由大到小依次为豆制品、奶及制品、钙、面食、叶菜的摄入量,而经常喝碳酸饮料和磷的摄入量有负性影响(P值均<0.05).结论 膳食行为和膳食摄入对学龄期儿童骨密度值均有影响,需要进行调整改善.     

Hepatitis B sero-prevalence and risk factors among school-age children in a low socioeconomic community, Bangkok

A cross-sectional study of 165 school-age children who had no history of HBV vaccination was carried out in a low socioeconomic community of Din-Daeng, Bangkok. Blood specimens were collected for determination of HBV seromarkers (HBsAg, Anti-HBs and Anti-HBc) by EIA commercial kits. The results showed that the prevalence of HBV seromarkers was 24.85%, the HBsAg carrier rate was 3.64%, the anti-HBs positive rate was 15.15%, and the prevalence of only anti-HBc was 6.06%. To investigate factors associated with the positivity of HBV seromarkers, children were divided into two groups--the first group consisted of 41 children with HBV seromarkers and the second consisted of 124 children without HBV seromarkers. The study variables between the two groups were compared and analysed. The results revealed that factors associated with HBV positivity were (a) child factors: child's age, child's sex, ear piercing in female, sharing blade during haircutting, contact wound from other persons, using wares with other persons, searching things in garbage, and (b) family factors: older parent, low education in parent, low family income per month, low parent's knowledge and attitude about HBV infection and vaccination, (P < 0.05). After using stepwise regression analysis, the factor of ear piercing in female was only one significant variable.     

Comparative effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular risk factors among a Dutch overweight working population: A randomized controlled trial

Background  

Overweight (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m²) and obesity (BMI≥ 30 kg/m²) are associated with increased cardiovascular risk, posing a considerable burden to public health. The main aim of this study was to investigate lifestyle intervention effects on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy overweight employees.     

Potato consumption and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Iranian population

Background: Previous studies investigated the effects of dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load on cardiovascular risk factors. Little evidence is available regarding the association between potato intake and cardiovascular risk factors in Iran. Objective: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the first stage of Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme. Methods: A total of 4774 subjects were included in the present study. Dietary intake was assessed with a 49-item food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical assessments were done according to the standard protocol. Results: There were significant associations between potato consumption and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR): 1.38; 95% CI: 1.14–1.67; p < 0.001), high fasting blood sugar level (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.17–1.68; p < 0.001) and low serum high density lipoprotein level (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.20; p = 0.02) remained after adjustments for possible confounding factors. Conclusion: We found a positive relation between potato consumption, high fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus.