Application of blocking unilateral main pulmonary artery in pulmonary lobectomy of lung cancer

OBJECTIVE To explore the application of blocking the unilateral main pulmonary artery （MPA） in pulmonary lobectomy （PL） for patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲlung cancer, and to retrospectively analyze the methods of surgery for blocking the unilateral main pulmonary artery, perioperative indications, intraoperative concerns and postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications. METHODS During a period from January 2006 to January 2008, intra-pericardial, or extra-pericardial separation and blockade of the left or right MPA followed by completion of various PLs were conducted for 30 lung cancer patients in stage-Ⅱto Ⅲwith ill- defined anatomic structure of the pulmonary hilum and difficult pulmonary angiodiastasis. RESULTS In the 30 patients, 5 were diagnosed as stage-Ⅱb, 11 stage-Ⅲa, and 14 stage-Ⅲb. During the surgery, giant tumors at the superior pulmonary lobe, with a diameter of over 10 cm, were seen in 13 cases, in which tumor invasion in the extra-pericardiac pulmonary artery was found in 5 cases. Hilar lymphadenectasis with severe tumor adhesion to pulmonary blood vessel could be seen in 20 cases and partial tumorous invasion in the pericardium in 7. In most of the cases, adhesions existed around the tumor, aorta, superior vena, and azygous vein. Invasion of the laryngeal and vagus nerves on the left side was found in 3 cases. Of the 30 patients, simple PL was conducted in 12, and sleeve lobectomy combined with a pulmonary arterioplasty in 18 cases. With a blockade of unilateral MPA, no intraoperative hemorrhea of pulmonary blood vessels occurred during surgery, when there was a clear surgical field of vision. Both PL and lymphadenectomy were smoothly completed in the 30 patients. The healthy pulmonary lobes with normal function were kept and total pneumonectomy was avoided. The time of blocking the pulmonary artery ranged from 10 to 30 min, and intraoperative blood loss was from 200 to 300 ml. Postoperative complicated acute pulmonary edema occurred in 5 patients and tachycardia in 7 cases. Nevertheless, all patients recovered and left the hospital after treatment. No severe cardiopulmonary complications were found in all patients of the group. CONCLUSION Blocking the unilateral MPA is effective to decrease the risk of intraoperative hemorrhea in the PL. It can shorten the time of surgery, improve the excision rate of lung cancer, and cut down on the rate of total pneumonectomy.     

Application of Blocking Unilateral Main Pulmonary Artery in Pulmonary Lobectomy of Lung Cancer

OBJECTIVE To explore the application of blocking the unilateral main pulmonary artery (MPA) in pulmonary lobectomy (PL) for patients with stage Ⅱand Ⅲ lung cancer, and to retrospectively analyze the methods of surgery for blocking the unilateral main pulmonary artery, perioperative indications, intraoperative concerns and postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications. METHODS During a period from January 2006 to January 2008, intra-pericardial, or extra-pericardial separation and blockade of the left or right MPA followed by completion of various PLs were conducted for 30 lung cancer patients in stage-Ⅱ to Ⅲ with ill- defined anatomic structure of the pulmonary hilum and difficult pulmonary angiodiastasis.RESULTS In the 30 patients, 5 were diagnosed as stage-Ⅱb, 11 stage-Ⅲa, and 14 stage-Ⅲb. During the surgery, giant tumors at the superior pulmonary lobe, with a diameter of over 10 cm, were seen in 13 cases, in which tumor invasion in the extra-pericardiac pulmonary artery was found in 5 cases. Hilar lymphadenectasis with severe tumor adhesion to pulmonary blood vessel could be seen in 20 cases and partial tumorous invasion in the pericardium in 7. In most of the cases, adhesions existed around the tumor, aorta, superior vena, and azygous vein. Invasion of the laryngeal and vagus nerves on the left side was found in 3 cases. Of the 30 patients, simple PL was conducted in 12, and sleeve lobectomy combined with a pulmonary arterioplasty in 18 cases. With a blockade of unilateral MPA, no intraoperative hemorrhea of pulmonary blood vessels occurred during surgery, when there was a clear surgical field of vision. Both PL and lymphadenectomy were smoothly completed in the 30 patients. The healthy pulmonary lobes with normal function were kept and total pneumonectomy was avoided. The time of blocking the pulmonary artery ranged from 10 to 30 min, and intraoperative blood loss was from 200 to 300 ml. Postoperative complicated acute pulmonary edema occurred in 5 patients and tachycardia in 7 cases. Nevertheless, all patients recovered and left the hospital after treatment. No severe cardiopulmonary complications were found in all patients of the group.CONCLUSION Blocking the unilateral MPA is effective to decrease the risk of intraoperative hemorrhea in the PL. It can shorten the time of surgery, improve the excision rate of lung cancer, and cut down on the rate of total pneumonectomy.     

Lung Cancer Survival Improvement through Surgical Intervention in PUMCH Hospital

Objective： To investigate and evaluate improvement of lung cancer survival after surgical intervention in PUMC hospital during the last 15 years. Methods： From January 1989 to December 2003, 1574 lung cancer cases underwent surgical treatment and followed up. All cases in this series were divided into two groups according to time period： group A （1999-2003） and group B （1989-1998）. The difference in the survival rate between groups A and B was compared. Results： The morbidity and mortality in group A was decreased significantly in comparison to group B （11.2% vs. 19.2%, 1.06% vs. 1.93%, respectively）. However, the 3-year and 5-year survival rate was increased from 42.35% to 56.07%, and from 28.46% to 38.99%, respectively. A significant improvement in survival was observed in patients with stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and ⅢA, but not in those with stage ⅢB and Ⅳ. Also, patients with lobectomy had more satisfactory results than those receiving exploratory thoracotomy, limited resection, pneumonectomy and sleeve resection. Conclusion： Lobectomy plus systematic mediastinal lymph nodes dissection has become the standard mode for resectable lung cancer. Combination of complete resection along with lymph nodal dissection, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy based on platinum/3^rd generation chemotherapy medicine, has preliminarily been justified, proving an important approach for effective improvement in long-term survival of non-small cell lung carcinoma.     

术前支气管动脉灌注化疗在肺癌手术中的临床研究

Objective： How to improve the postoperative 5-year survival rate for lung cancer and to give more patients a chance of surgery have become research hotspots. The aim of this research is to evaluate the clinical and pathohistological responses and effects of preoperative bronchial artery infusion （BAI） chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced （stage Ⅲ） non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： A total of 92 patients with locally advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups. BAI group received BAI chemotherapy for 2 cycles before surgical resection. Surgery group received operation only. The complete resection rate and clinical response were compared between the two groups. Results： In the BAI group, the clinical response rate and the pathohistological response rate were 68.3% and 51.3%, respectively. The complete resection rate in the BAI group was 89.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the surgery group （72.5%） （P 〈 0.05）. The 1- and 2-year survival rate was 100.0% and 80.6% in the BAI group, and 94.1% and 60.0% in the surgery group. Conclusion： BAI neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe and effective, which has a good clinical and pathohistological response. It might increase the complete resection rate of the tumor and improve the long term survival rate of stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients.     

支气管和肺动脉双袖状肺叶切除术治疗中央型肺癌的临床应用(英文)

Objective:The aim of our study was to introduce the surgical method and evaluate the efficacy of double sleeve lobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery in treatment for the central lung cancer. Method:From March 1995 to October 2010, double sleeve lobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery was performed in 45 cases with central lung cancer that involved the bronchial opening of an upper lobe of the lungs or the main bronchus and pulmonary artery but didn’t involve any lower lobes. Among them, left upper lobectomy was performed in 37 cases, right medium-upper lobectomy was performed in 6 cases and right upper lobectomy was performed in 2 cases. Results:Postoperative complications were found in 12 cases. Among them, 3 cases were arrhythmia, 1 case was acute heart failure, 6 cases were obstructive pneumonia and pulmonary atelectasis, 2 cases were bronchial anastomotic fistula. Two cases died of cerebral infarction and massive hemoptysis respectively. Thirty-one cases were squamous carcinoma, 7 cases were adenocarcinoma, 4 cases were small cell lung cancer, 1 case was adenosquamous carcinoma, 1 case was sarcomatoid carcinomas, 1 case was mucinous adenocarcinoma. Ten cases were T3N0M0, 11 cases were T3N1M0, 17 cases were T3N2M0, 2 cases were T4N1M0, 5 cases were T4N2M0. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year survival rates were 84.4% (38/45), 51.7% (15/29), 53.8% (7/13) respectively. Conclusion:The double sleeve lobectomy of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery can maximumly reserve the normal lung tissues while removing tumors, and avoid pneumonectomy. The surgery was safe and effective, while it required a high technique.     

Differential Diagnoses of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules in Patients with an Extrathoracic Malignant Tumor:CT and Parthologic Correlations

OBJECTIVE To determine the possibility of definitive diagnosis for solitary pulmonary nodules in patients with a primary extrathoracic malignant neoplasm (ETM-SPN), and to further evaluate the value of CT for differential diagnosis in ETM-SPN by a multivariate retrospective study.METHODS Eighty-three patients with pathologically and clinically proven ETM-SPN with a diameter smaller than 3 cm were included in this study.The pathological characteristics of the SPN were correlated with those of the extrathoracic neoplasm, with the patient's age, gender, smoking history, disease-free time interval between the diagnosis of the extrathoracic malignancy and that of the lung lesion. In all 83 cases, CT scans were reviewed to confirm the solitary nature, size, and nodular morphology of the lung lesion.RESULTS Of all 83 cases, the mean age was (57.43±15.34) years. There were 51 males and 32 females, with the ratio of 1.59:1. The lesions included solitary metastasis in 43 cases, pulmonary malignant lesions in 33, and benign lesions in seven. Between the primary lung cancers and solitary metastasis groups, there was no significant difference in the gender ratio (1.20:1 vs 2.31:1, x2=0.0209, P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between the mean age (62.48±11.96 years vs 54.10±16.49 years, t=3.34, P<0.05). in the primary lung cancer and metastasis patient group, the percentage of patients who had a smoking history were 39.3 %(11/17) and 35.9 %(14/39), respectively. Patients with a primary lung cancer had no significant higher frequency of smoking history than did those with a metastatic lesion (x2=0.640, P>0.05). Of 81cases who were followed-up, the mean time of the disease-free interval between extrapulmonary malignancy diagnosis and pulmonary lesion differentiation was 39.73± 6.29 months (range 0～300 months, median 20.00 months), whereas those in the primary lung cancer group and metastatic group were 65.62 ±13.45 months and 22.83 ±4.19 months respectively. This difference was significant between the two groups (Wilcoxon rank sum test, U=2.796, P<0.01). Of all 83 cases, there were ten extrapulmonary squamous carcinomas and 58 adenocarcinomas with ratio of primary lung cancer and solitary metastasis of the tumors were 7:3 and 24:34, respectively (x2 =1.781, P >0.05), without showing a statistically significant relevance between the pathologic patterns of extrapulmonary malignancy and characteristics of the lung nodules. Of all the 83 cases, the mean diameters were (2.77±1.25) cm, whereas the diameters of 33 cases of primary lung cancer and 43 cases of a solitary metastatic lesion were (2.86±1.18) cm and (2.62±1.31)cm, respectively. There was no association between the two groups (t=1.29, P>0.05). There was a statistically significant association between primary lung cancer and the metastatic group with spiculate and smooth edges of the lung lesion (x2=8.562, P<0.01; x2=15.220, P<0.001).The study showed that a lung nodule with a spiculatedmargin correlated with a primary lung carcinoma,whereas those nodules with a smooth edge may more frequently show as a metastastic pulmonary lesion. CT-pathologic correlative analyses of hilar and mediastinal adenopathy were reviewed in 37 patients who underwent Iobectomy and thoracotomy. There was no statistical significant difference between the primary lung cancer group and the metastatic group (x2=2.801,P>0.05).CONCLUSION The likelihood of a primary lung cancer versus a metastasis of ETM-SPN smaller than 3 cm mainly depends on the patient's age, free interval between the two tumors and CT morphological characteristics of the lung lesion. This study showed there was no significant relevancy to factors such as gender, smoking history, pathological patterns of the extrapulmonary neoplasm or whether there has hilar or mediastinal adenopathy.     

肺功能中度减退的肺癌患者术后并发症分析

Objective： To analyze the tolerance of lung cancer patients with moderate pulmonary hypofunction to open-chest operation. Methods： The postoperative complications of 31 patients with moderate pulmonary hypofunction （study group） and 62 patients with normal pulmonary function （control group） were reviewed. Statistical t test and χ^2 test were set to examine the data, and logistic regression was performed to find the associated factors. Results： In patients with moderate pulmonary hypofunction, hypoxemia （41.9%）, arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction （25.8%）, and pulmonary inflammation （25.8%） were common postoperative complications, and respiratory failure and cardiac failure （9.2%） severe complications. In-hospital mortality rate was 3.2%. In the control group, the incidence of the above 4 postoperative complications was 16.1%, 8.1%, 9.6% and 3.2% accordingly, and no case died in hospital. Regression analysis showed that age and resection range were associated with the occurrence of the complications. Conclusion： Common postoperative complications （hypoxemia） in patients with moderate pulmonary hypofunction are remarkably higher than those in control group, but severe complications and in-hospital mortality rate are not significantly high. Patients with older age and larger resection range undergo higher complication rate.     

Evaluation of Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Gastric Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To study the proper sites and doses of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for gastric carcinoma and the effects of this treatment.METHODS A total of 106 cases of stage Ⅰ- Ⅳ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 or D3 radical resection operation combined with IORT were analyzed. Sixty-seven patients with gastric cancer of the antrum and body received distal gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation were at the celiac artery and hepatoduodenal ligament area. Another 39 patients with carcinoma of the cardia and upper part of the gastric body and whole stomach received proximal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation for this group were the upper margin of the pancreas and the regional paraaorta.The therapeutic effects (including survival and complications) of these 106cases who received a combined operation IORT (IORT group) were compared with 441 cases treated during the same time period by a radical resection operation alone (operation group).RESULTS The radiation dose below 30 Gy was safe. The therapeutic method of the operation combined with IORT did not prolong the survival time of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅳ gastric cancer, but the 5-year survival rates of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancers were significantly improved.While the 5-year survival rates of the stage Ⅲ cancer patients receiving D2 resection combined with IORT had marked improvement, for those receiving a D3 radical resection, only the postoperative survival rates at 3 and 4 years of those cases in stages Ⅲ cancers were improved (P＜0.005-0.001). The 5-year survival rate for those patients was raised only 4.7%(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The 5-year survival rates of patients with stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 lymphadenectomy combined with IORT were improved and had no influence on the postoperative complications and mortality.     

Morbidity and mortality after neoadjuvant therapy and sleeve lobectomyin N2-disease

Background and objective Sleeve resections were introduced to preserve lung function in patients with limited pulmonary reserve.Increasing experience with sleeve resection has reduced the rate of pneumonectomy below 10%.The aim of the study was to assess the outcome after neoadjuvant chemo-or chemoradiotherapy and sleeve resection in patients with N2 non-small cell lung cancer.Methods Retrospective analysis of 41 patient records between 01.01.2005 and 31.12.2007 underwent induction therapy in N2-disease followed by tracheobronchial sleeve resection.These patients were compared to the overall results after sleeve resection in our institution.Data analysed were;length of chest tube drainage in days,length of hospital stay,complications,morbidity and hospital mortality.Results In 178 patients,an anatomical bronchoplastic resection was performed.Preoperative chemotherapy in N2-disease(n=42) was given in 30 patients and radiochemotherapy in 11 patients.The length of the operation was between 94 min-493 min(average 143 min).Chest tubes were removed on average after 5 days.Patients were discharged after 10 days.R0-resection was possible in 90%.The overall complication rate was 27%(11/41).The rate of bronchial anastomotic leakage was 9.7%(4/41).Two patients with postoperative respiratory insufficiency and mechanical ventilation,1 patient with technical failure required early correction of the suture and one patient with a necrosis of the anastomosis.30-day hospital mortality rate was 2.4%(1/41).Conclusion Sleeve resection after neoadjuvant therapy has a higher local morbidity(anastomotic insufficiency 9.7% vs 2.8%).This may be explained by the quality of the surrounding tissue after neoadjuvant therapy,which compromises healing of the anastomosis.However,the results are comparable to those without induction therapy in terms of radicality,and 30-d mortality rate(P>0.05).We therefore believe that sleeve resection after neoadjuvant therapy should be performed whenever possible to preserve functioning lung tissue.     

常用血清肿瘤标志物在可手术肺癌患者预后中的价值

目的 探讨血清CEA、CA125、CA199、NSE、CYFRA21-1和SCC-Ag水平在评估非小细胞肺癌根治手术后的预后价值,以期合理选择术前的检验指标。方法 收集1 851例行肺癌根治手术的患者术前血清肿瘤标志物的检验值、临床病理和随访信息,进行差异及生存分析。结果 CEA、CA125、CA199、CYFRA21-1和SCC-Ag的阳性率在不同病理分期中差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,Ⅱ和Ⅲ期的患者阳性率明显高于Ⅰ期患者,而NSE差异无统计学意义（P=0.743）。CEA、CA125、CA199、CYFRA21-1阴性组患者的生存率显著高于阳性组（P<0.05）。NSE阴性的患者远期生存率劣于阳性组患者（P=0.033）。SCC-Ag阳性与阴性患者的远期生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.072）。Cox回归比例风险模型分析发现CEA（HR=1.572, 95%CI: 1.117~2.214, P=0.010）、CA125（HR=2.464, 95%CI:1.610~3.772, P<0.001）和CYFRA21-1（HR=1.445, 95%CI: 1.044~2.000, P=0.027）是评价非小细胞肺癌手术预后的独立危险因素。结论 CEA、CA125和CYFRA21-1在评价非小细胞肺癌手术预后方面有良好的应用价值,而CA199、NSE和SCC-Ag等指标价值有限。     

含贝伐珠单抗维持治疗晚期结直肠癌患者疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价含贝伐珠单抗不同联合方案治疗晚期结直肠癌的疗效与安全性。方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library 数据库截至2017年7月31日有关贝伐珠单抗维持治疗晚期结直肠癌的随机对照试验。按纳入排除标准筛选文献、资料提取和评价质量,采用RevMan 5.3 软件进行Meta 分析。 结果 共纳入8项研究,2 644例晚期结直肠癌患者。Meta分析显示,贝伐珠单抗维持治疗组（包括单药和联合化疗）前者无疾病进展生存期（PFS）和总生存期（OS）均优于无治疗组（HR=0.65,95% CI：0.53~0.78,P<0.001;HR=0.83,95% CI：0.71~0.98,P=0.020）,但前者3~4级感觉神经障碍及高血压发生率高于后者（P=0.001,0.008）。贝伐珠单抗维持治疗组与持续治疗组对比,两者的PFS和OS相当（HR=1.05,95% CI：0.56~1.71,P=0.830;HR=1.11,95% CI：0.92~1.35,P=0.270）,而后者3~4级感觉神经障碍、疲乏和手足综合征明显高于前者（P＜0.001,0.020,0.040）。与单药贝伐珠单抗组比较,贝伐珠单抗抗抗联合厄洛替尼组能改善PFS和OS（HR=0.81,95% CI：0.67~0.96,P=0.020;HR=0.81,95% CI：0.67~0.99,P=0.040）,但贝伐珠单联合厄洛替尼组3~4级皮疹发生率明显高于单药贝伐珠单抗组（P<0.001）。结论 贝伐珠单抗单药、联合低毒化疗药物或厄洛替尼,均可改善晚期结直肠癌患者PFS和OS,患者可耐受,贝伐珠单抗维持治疗可作为晚期结直肠癌维持阶段的优选治疗方案。     

伊马替尼联合化疗序贯异基因造血干细胞移植治疗费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病疗效的Meta分析

目的 系统评价伊马替尼联合化疗序贯异基因造血干细胞移植（allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,allo-HSCT）治疗费城染色体阳性的急性淋巴细胞白血病（Philadelphia chromosome+acute lymphoblastic leukemia,Ph+ALL）的疗效。方法 采用Cochrane图书馆、Embase、PubMed、CNKI、CBM、Google 学术搜索等数据库,按纳入标准和排除标准筛选相关文献并提取资料、评估质量,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta 分析。结果 纳入12个研究共620例患者。Meta分析显示,与非移植组比较,移植组治疗提高了患者无瘤生存率（disease free survival,DFS）（HR＝0.48, 95% CI：0.31~0.74,P<0.001）及总生存率（overall survival,OS）（HR=0.49,95% CI：0.35~0.68,P<0.001）,减少了死亡事件（RR＝0.62,95% CI：0.39~0.97,P=0.04）。结论 在伊马替尼联合化疗治疗Ph+ALL患者的基础上,序贯allo-HSCT可能优于无allo-HSCT方案。     

基于Oncomine数据库分析Pygopus2基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨Pygopus2（PYGO2）基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法 收集Oncomine数据库中关于PYGO2的信息,利用Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库分析PYGO2与乳腺癌患者预后的关系。结果 Oncomine数据库中共收集了45项研究（包括3 730个样本）涉及PYGO2在乳腺癌组织和正常组织中表达的比较。与正常组织相比,PYGO2在乳腺癌组织中高表达（P<0.05）。PYGO2高表达组乳腺癌患者的总体生存率（HR=0.69,95%CI：0.51~0.95,P=0.021）、无复发生存率（HR=0.60,95%CI：0.51~0.70,P<0.001）以及无远处转移生存率（HR=0.61,95%CI：0.43~0.87,P=0.005）均优于低表达组。结论 PYGO2在乳腺癌组织中高表达,且与乳腺癌患者不良预后有关,可能是评估乳腺癌患者预后的潜在生物标志物。     

免疫增强型肠内营养对中国人群胃癌根治术后免疫功能影响的Meta分析

目的 系统评价胃癌根治术后患者应用免疫增强型肠内营养制剂辅助治疗对免疫功能的影响。方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方医学网、维普医学网、中国生物医学网、PubMed、EMBASE等数据库，搜集胃癌根治术后患者采用免疫增强型肠内营养制剂辅助治疗对免疫功能影响的相关临床随机对照研究，目标人群为中国人群，检索期限均为建库至2018年7月。按照文献纳入及排除标准，筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入文献的偏倚风险，采用 RevMan 5.3 软件进行 Meta 分析。结果 共纳入10篇文献，合计534例患者，其中采用免疫增强型肠内营养制剂（试验组）283例，常规肠内营养制剂（对照组）251例，文献质量评价均为B级。细胞免疫指标Meta分析结果显示，试验组术后1 d CD3水平低于对照组 （MD=-2.06，95%CI：-3.68~-0.43，P=0.01），其余指标差异无统计学意义。术后7~10 d试验组CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8、NK水平高于对照组（MD_CD3=6.74，95%CI：1.36~12.12，P<0.01；MD_CD4=5.93，95%CI：3.68~8.19，P<0.001；MD_CD4/CD8=0.53，95%CI：0.33~0.73，P<0.001；MD_NK=1.40，95%CI：0.05~2.76，P<0.05），两组CD8水平差异无统计学意义（MD=2.00，95%CI：-2.87~6.88，P=0.42）。体液免疫指标Meta分析结果显示，术后1 d试验组和对照组IgA、IgM、IgG水平差异均无统计学意义，术后7~10 d试验组IgA、IgM、IgG水平均高于对照组（MD_IgA=0.33，95%CI：0.24~0.41，P<0.001；MD_IgM=0.21，95%CI：0.14~0.27，P<0.001；MD_IgG=1.91，95%CI：1.11~2.72，P<0.001］。 结论 胃癌根治术后患者采用免疫增强型肠内营养制剂7~10 d后在改善患者免疫功能中较常规肠内营养制剂有优势，但术后1 d效果不明显。     

102例直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移患者临床病理特点及生存预后分析

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and prognostic significance of lateral lymph node dissection (LPLND) in patients with lateral lymph node (LPLN) metastasis. Methods The clinicopathological data of rectal cancer patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) combined with LPLND and pathologically confirmed as LPLN metastasis after operation were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological characteristics and metastasis rules of patients with LPLN metastasis were discussed, and the survival prognosis after LPLND was analyzed. Results A total of 102 rectal cancer patients with pathologically confirmed LPLN metastasis were included. The common sites of LPLN metastasis were internal iliac vessels lymph nodes (n=68, 66.7%), followed by obturator lymph nodes (n=44, 43.1%), and common iliac vessels or external iliac vessels lymph nodes (n=12, 11.8%). There were 10 patients (9.8%) with bilateral LPLN metastases, and the mean number of LPLN metastases was 2.2±2.4, among which 16 patients (15.7%) had LPLN metastases number≥2. The 3-year OS (66.8% vs. 7.7%, P<0.001) and DFS (39.1% vs. 10.5%, P=0.012) of patients with LPLN metastases to the external iliac or common iliac lymph node were significantly lower than those with metastases to the internal iliac or obturator lymph node. The multivariate analysis showed that LPLN metastasis to external iliac or common iliac lymph node was an independent risk factor both for OS (HR=3.53; 95%CI: 1.50-8.31; P=0.004) and DFS (HR=2.40; 95%CI: 1.05-5.47; P=0.037). Conclusion LPLN mainly metastasizes to the internal iliac or obturator lymph node areas. The survival of patients with metastasis to the external iliac or common iliac lymph node cannot be improved by LPLND, and thus systemic comprehensive treatment is often the optimal treatment option. © 2023, CHINA RESEARCH ON PREVENTION AND TREATMENT. All rights reserved.     

腋窝临床淋巴结阳性超声特征与乳腺癌淋巴结转移负荷及预后的相关性研究

目的 分析腋窝临床淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者的腋窝淋巴结超声特征,探索超声特征与腋窝淋巴结转移负荷及患者预后的相关性。方法 研究入组2009年1月至2020年12月于本中心接受腋窝淋巴结清扫术的临床淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者,分析可预测腋窝淋巴结转移负荷的临床病理指标和超声指标。利用多因素Cox回归分析影响患者预后的超声指标。结果 共纳入1 055例乳腺癌患者,其中低淋巴结负荷（1~2枚淋巴结转移）398例（37.7%）,高淋巴结负荷（≥3枚淋巴结转移）657例（62.3%）。多因素分析显示,患者年龄≥55岁（OR=1.56,95%CI：1.20~2.02,P=0.001）,超声肿瘤大小<20.0 mm（OR=1.54,95%CI：1.14~2.09,P=0.005）、超声淋巴结长径<20.0 mm（OR=2.03,95%CI：1.48~2.79,P<0.001）、超声淋巴结短径<8.6 mm（OR=1.41,95%CI：1.06~1.89,P=0.019）和超声可疑淋巴枚数1~2枚（OR=2.74,95%CI：1.63~4.61,P<0.001）与低淋巴结负荷独立相关。孕激素受体和淋巴结长径是DFS（HR=2.06,95%CI：1.21~3.50,P=0.008;HR=1.66,95%CI：1.15~2.40,P=0.007）和OS（HR=4.53,95%CI：2.18~9.59,P<0.001;HR=3.49,95%CI：1.96~6.20,P<0.001）的独立预测因素。结论 超声特征有助于预测腋窝临床淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者的淋巴结转移负荷及预后,指导后续个体化治疗。     

PD-L1表达与结直肠癌预后及临床病理特征关系的Meta分析

目的 探讨PD-L1表达在结直肠癌（CRC）预后及临床病理特征中的意义。方法 系统检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CNKI和万方数据库,检索有关PD-L1表达与CRC预后关系的文献。检索时间截止2018年6月。按纳入排除标准筛选文献及提取数据,用Stata SE12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 纳入18篇文献,共5 724例CRC患者。结果显示：肿瘤组织PD-L1表达与CRC的总生存期（OS）（HR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.02~1.93, P=0.039）和无复发生存期（RFS）（HR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.27~2.20, P=0.000）显著下降有关,而与无疾病生存期（DFS）（P=0.933）无显著关联;且PD-L1表达还与肿瘤分化（P=0.016）和淋巴结转移（P=0.028）显著相关,与性别、肿瘤位置、TNM分期、浸润深度、血管侵犯、化疗、MSI状态和KRAS突变无显著相关性。亚组分析中,肿瘤细胞中PD-L1表达与OS（P=0.033）和RFS（P=0.001）显著下降相关,而肿瘤浸润免疫细胞中PD-L1表达与OS（P=0.991）和RFS（P=0.210）的关联比较差异无统计学意义。结论 肿瘤组织PD-L1表达提示结直肠癌预后不良,且肿瘤细胞中PD-L1与肿瘤浸润免疫细胞中PD-L1表达对结直肠癌预后的预测意义可能不一致。     

食管中段鳞癌组织中MALAT1的表达及其与预后的关系

目的 探讨MALAT1的表达是否可以作为食管中段鳞癌患者根治术后的预后指标。方法 应用qRT-PCR法检测77例接受食管癌根治术治疗的食管中段鳞癌患者肿瘤组织及对应癌旁组织中MALAT1的表达水平及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果 与癌旁组织相比,食管癌组织中MALAT1表达水平明显增高（P<0.001）。MALAT1的表达与患者T分期呈正相关。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示MALAT1高表达组患者的术后无疾病进展时间（DFS）和总生存时间（OS）显著缩短（P=0.04, P=0.038）。多因素回归分析显示MALAT1表达水平对DFS和OS的风险比（HR）为1.73（95%CI=0.92~3.23, P=0.09）和1.71（95%CI=0.93~3.12, P=0.08）。结论 MALAT1的表达水平可能是接受根治术治疗的食管中段鳞癌患者的一项预后预测指标。     

甲状腺功能亢进症与乳腺癌发病风险关系的Meta分析

目的 系统评价甲状腺功能亢进症（简称甲亢）与乳腺癌发病风险的关系,为乳腺癌的病因研究及一级预防提供理论依据。方法  计算机检索PubMed、Embase、CENTRAL、Web of Science、CBM、CNKI、VIP和WanFang Data等数据库中有关甲亢与乳腺癌的研究,检索日期为建库至2018年4月。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（the Newcastle-Ottawa quality scale,NOS）对纳入研究进行质量评价,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果  共纳入17项研究（病例对照研究10项、队列研究7项）,共66 116例乳腺癌患者。Meta分析结果显示：（1）病例对照研究中未校正OR合并结果显示,甲亢不会增加乳腺癌的发病风险（OR=1.25,95%CI：0.92~1.70,P=0.150）;校正OR合并结果显示,甲亢可增加乳腺癌的发病风险（OR=1.11,95%CI：1.03~1.19,P=0.004）。（2）队列研究中未校正OR和校正OR合并结果均显示,甲亢可增加乳腺癌的发病风险（OR_未校正=1.17,95%CI：1.07~1.27,P＜0.001;OR_校正=1.11,95%CI：1.07~1.15,P<0.001）。结论  甲亢可能增加乳腺癌的发病风险,但不同地区人群甲亢与乳腺癌发病风险的关系不尽相同。