412例真菌性角膜炎的回顾性分析

目的：对真菌性角膜炎患者的流行病学特征、实验室检查方法和结果及治疗效果进行分析,为真菌 性角膜炎诊治提供依据。方法： 回顾性系列病例研究。对2012年1月至2017年12月在冀中能源邢 台矿业集团总医院诊治的412例（412眼）真菌性角膜炎的流行病学特点、临床体征、病原学诊断方式、 结果及治疗效果采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验等统计学方法进行分析。结果：9-12月份是真菌性角膜 炎高发期,占全年患者总数的61.2%（252/412）。患病人群以农民为主,占59.5%（245/412）,植物性 外伤为首要病因者185例（44.9%）,其次为非植物性外伤86例（20.9%）。男女比例为1.82∶1。年龄 14～81（45.6±14.3）岁,41～60岁患者占53.9%（222/412）。真菌培养阳性率为88.8%（366/412）,高 于氢氧化钾湿片法[77.2%（318/412）],2种检测方式比较差异有统计学意义（χ2 =31.14,P<0.001）。 前几位的致病菌依次是镰刀菌属167例（40.5%）,链格孢菌属75例（18.2%）,曲霉菌属62例（15.0%）, 青霉菌属28例（6.9%）。真菌性角膜炎所致典型临床体征中以菌丝苔被最为常见（366例,88.8%）, 其次为伪足（224例,54.4%）、前房积脓（111例,26.9%）。镰刀菌属、链格孢菌属、曲霉菌属及青 霉菌属所致真菌性角膜炎的病情分级和预后水平比较差异均有统计学意义（Hc=40.676,P< 0.001; Hc=40.109,P<0.001）,显示镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属的病情分级重于链格孢菌属和青霉菌属,预后水平 也差于链格孢菌属和青霉菌属。结论：真菌性角膜炎患者呈逐年增多趋势;氢氧化钾湿片法和真菌 培养都是有效的诊断方法,镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属所致的真菌性角膜炎较链格孢菌和青霉菌引起的真 菌性角膜炎病情相对较重,且预后较差。     

不同真菌菌属所致角膜炎的临床特点及转归差异

目的　探讨不同真菌菌属所致角膜炎的临床特点及转归差异。方法　收集２０１１年８月至２０１５年３月我院真菌培养阳性的角膜炎患者共９６例（９６眼）,其中,镰刀菌４３例,曲霉菌３１例,链格孢霉１７例,念珠菌５例,分别记录患者植物性外伤史、病程、临床特点、治疗方式及转归。对上述观察指标进行比较,采用ＳＰＳＳ１９．０软件进行统计学分析。结果　９６例患者中有植物性外伤史者３４例（３５．４％）,其中镰刀菌感染患者中２５．６％有植物性外伤史,曲霉菌３５．５％,链格孢霉６４．７％,念珠菌２０．０％,不同菌属之间差异有统计学意义（χ２＝８．７１４,Ｐ＝０．０３３）。组间比较镰刀菌与链格孢霉间差异有统计学意义（χ２＝８．０３１,Ｐ＝０．００５）。患者病程按照菌属从短到长依次为:念珠菌（５．４０±３．３６）ｄ、镰刀菌（１６．７９±１３．９８）ｄ、曲霉菌（１９．３５±１３．１６）ｄ、链格孢霉（２７．５９±２０．６８）ｄ,不同菌属间差异有统计学意义（χ２＝１４．４０７,Ｐ＝０．００２）,组间比较念珠菌病程与其他菌属差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;镰刀菌与链格孢霉差异亦有统计学意义（Ｐ＝０．０１０）。不同真菌菌属所致角膜炎的临床特征不同,链格孢霉角膜溃疡面积、深度、前房积脓发生率均小于其他菌属（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,其余各菌属间差异无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。镰刀菌感染以单纯药物治疗与角膜板层切除术治疗为主,药物治愈率为７８．６％;曲霉菌感染以角膜板层切除术和角膜移植术治疗为主,药物治愈率６２．５％;链格孢霉和念珠菌感染主要以单纯药物治疗为主,药物治愈率分别为９０．０％、１００．０％。结论　链格孢霉感染多由植物性外伤引起,临床体征轻,药物治疗效果好;念珠菌感染发展快,药物治疗效果好;镰刀菌与曲霉菌感染临床体征重,镰刀菌常需尽早行角膜板层切除术,曲霉菌常需行角膜移植术治疗。     

温州某医院258例真菌性角膜炎诊疗分析

目的：通过分析温州地区真菌性角膜炎患者的病原学、药敏、实验室检查及治疗方式等,进一步为 真菌性角膜炎的诊疗及预后评估提供依据。方法：回顾性研究。收集2017年1月至2019年12月在温 州医科大学附属眼视光医院拟诊为真菌性角膜炎患者共258例（258眼）,将患者分别按性别、年龄、 职业、致病因素、致病菌属分为男性组和女性组,老年组（≥65岁）和非老年组（<65岁）,农民组和非 农民组,植物伤组和非植物伤组,镰刀菌属组和非镰刀菌属组,分别统计各组的手术率。采用χ2检 验对各因素与手术率之间的关系进行分析比较,同时对病原学检查的阳性检出率做比较,并统计主 要致病菌的药敏情况。结果：9─11月份是真菌性角膜炎的高发期,占全年的48.1%,其中农民（60.5%） 为主要的患病人群。植物伤（34.5%）为首要致病因素。镰刀菌属（45.3%）是主要的致病菌。真菌培 养的阳性率为68.6%,高于涂片检查的43.0%（χ2 =4.522,P=0.033）。镰刀菌属对两性霉素B、伊曲康 唑、伏立康唑的最小抑菌浓度值的几何均数分别为4.283、17.290、1.105 μg/ml;曲霉菌属分别为3.389、 2.661、0.125 μg/ml;链格孢属分别为0.604、0.531、0.258 μg/ml;假丝酵母菌属分别为0.317、0.552、 0.047 μg/ml。258例真菌性角膜炎患者中,44例（17.0%）接受了手术治疗,进一步分析发现老年患者 （χ2 =5.293,P=0.036）,植物伤患者（χ2 =11.386,P=0.001）,镰刀菌属感染患者（χ2 =3.939,P=0.044）的 手术概率较高。结论：镰刀菌属是温州地区真菌性角膜炎的主要致病菌,而植物伤为首要致病因素。 老年患者、植物伤以及镰刀菌属感染导致的真菌性角膜炎较严重,需要手术治疗的概率更高。     

真菌性角膜溃疡的临床及真菌学研究

目的探讨真菌性角膜溃疡致病菌种类的变迁及其对临床常用抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法对拟诊为真菌性角膜溃疡的57例（57只眼）患者培养出的46株致病性真菌进行调查分析,并将所分离的菌株分别做常用抗真菌药物的敏感试验。结果 57例标本中,涂片镜检可见菌丝或孢子者有49例,阳性率为85.96%,养出致病性真菌46株,阳性率为80.70%,主要致病性真菌依次为镰刀菌属（56.52%）,曲霉属（39.13%）和毛霉菌属（4.35%）。46株真菌对伊曲康唑和两性霉素B有较高敏感性。结论真菌性角膜溃疡主要致病性真菌为镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属,伊曲康唑和两性霉素B对大多数真菌有较高敏感性。     

荆州地区真菌性角膜炎176例临床分析

目的:分析荆州地区真菌性角膜炎(FK)患者的感染特征和临床治疗转归等,为本地区FK的临床诊疗提供依据。方法:收集2015-01/2020-07在荆州市中心医院眼科就诊并病原学确诊为FK的176例患者资料,对患者的流行病学特征、真菌菌种鉴定结果、药物敏感性及临床治疗经过及转归等进行分析。结果:FK患者176例中,男118例,女58例,男女比例为2.03∶1。发病年龄以50～59岁及60～69年龄段的患者人数最多,发病高峰季节为4～6月及10～12月。危险因素包括外伤及可能外伤史、眼表疾病、眼科术后、配戴角膜接触镜及长期局部药物使用。主要致病菌为镰刀菌属(39.8%)、曲霉菌属(30.7%)、链格孢菌属(15.9%)和念珠菌属(5.1%),药敏结果示伏立康唑和两性霉素B均比较敏感,而氟康唑的耐药率非常高。125眼经药物保守治疗后病情好转或治愈,12眼行角膜基质内注药,15眼行结膜瓣遮盖或羊膜移植,21眼行角膜移植术,8眼行眼内容物剜除术,包括5眼行结膜瓣遮盖后严重眼内炎的患者。结论:荆州地区FK的发病人群多为中老年男性,多为农业劳动过程中角膜外伤后导致,以镰刀菌及曲霉菌多见,根据药敏结果选...     

眼部丝状真菌感染13例致病菌分析

目的了解眼部真菌感染病原菌种类和特征。方法对眼部真菌感染患者的临床资料进行总结分析及病原菌鉴定,并对眼部真菌感染的致病菌、发病原因、早期诊断方法、丝状真菌与酵母菌眼部感染特征进行分析。结果13例患者中11例为真菌性角膜溃疡,2例为眼内炎。13例(15眼)均为真菌感染,其中痂病镰刀菌3例、尖孢镰刀菌2例、烟曲霉2例、谢瓦曲霉1例、黄曲霉1例、链格孢霉1例、尖端单孢子菌1例、总状毛霉1例、链霉菌1例。结论眼部丝状真菌感染仍以镰刀菌、曲霉为主,但有明显的多样化趋势。     

镰刀菌和曲霉菌性角膜溃疡的组织病理学特点

真菌性角膜炎的致病菌种类多，常见的有镰刀菌，曲霉菌、念珠菌等，不同真菌的生物学特性和致病机制不同。真菌通过机械性损伤，产毒性和强大的酶系统，强引起严重的角膜溃疡，常导致角膜穿孔，眼内炎等并发症，我国以镰刀菌和曲霉菌感染占大多数。     

行大植片角膜移植的真菌性角膜炎患者病原学及临床特征分析

目的分析行大植片穿透性角膜移植的真菌性角膜炎患者的致病菌菌属、危险因素及临床特征,为临床严重真菌性角膜炎的诊断和治疗提供客观依据。方法回顾性系列病例研究。选取2005年1月至2013年12月在青岛眼科医院确诊为真菌性角膜炎并接受大直径角膜移植（植片直径 >9 mm）患者132例（132眼）,其中男82例,女50例。职业农民76例,工人10例,其他46例。统计感染的菌种、发病来院就诊时间、就诊时病变严重程度、感染的临床特征（包括伪足、卫星灶、内皮斑、苔被、前房积脓、溃疡面积）等情况,分别就菌属差异与临床特征差异的关系进行分析,应用χ²检验分析数据。结果感染菌种中镰刀菌属85例（64.4%）,曲霉菌属10例（7.6%）,其他菌属37例（28.0%）。132例患者发病至接受LDPK术的平均时间为（23.7±11.2）d。镰刀菌属感染前3位临床特征是伪足、前房积脓、卫星灶;曲霉菌属感染前三位临床特征使前房积脓、苔被、伪足。镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属感染角膜溃疡面积分别为（48.3±12.3）mm2和（44.8±20.2）mm2,镰刀菌属感染的29例患者溃疡累及全层角膜。结论镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属是常见致病真菌,可以引起严重的真菌感染。大量前房积脓出现是严重真菌感染的重要指标,对于药物控制不佳的患者及早选择角膜移植手术控制病情是积极的治疗策略。     

重症真菌性角膜炎患者的临床特征分析

目的:探讨重症真菌性角膜炎病因、人群特征及临床特点。方法:搜集2008-01/2013-11就诊于我院眼科的233例233眼重症真菌性角膜炎患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其病因、人群特征、临床特点等情况。结果:重症真菌性角膜炎233例患者中,男153例(65.7%),男女比例约为1.9∶1;年龄分布中,中老年龄段人数居多,平均年龄52.7±11.3岁;居住地多为农村(78.1%);并且其职业以农民为主(66.1%),发病患者文化程度普遍较低(59.7%);重症患者中,188例(80.7%)患者具有明确的眼部外伤史,以植物性外伤为主(60.9%)。主要致病菌属为镰刀菌属,为90例(57.3%),其次为曲霉菌属47例(29.9%);治疗中手术率为87.9%。其中多数行穿透性角膜移植术,为83例(52.9%),在镰刀菌及曲霉菌感染的重症角膜炎患者中,行穿透性角膜移植术者比例较高,为58.4%(80/137);行眼内容剜除术或眼球摘除术的重症患者中,68.4%(13/19)的患者为镰刀菌属感染。结论:我院重症真菌性角膜炎患者多为农村居住的中老年男性农民,可能与其经济条件及诊疗意识差有关。其主要致病菌为镰刀菌及曲霉菌属,穿透性角膜移植手术为主要治疗手段,且预后差的重症患者多为镰刀菌感染。     

板层角膜切除术联合那他霉素治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的临床及病理研究

目的：研究板层角膜切除术联合那他霉素治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的临床疗效及组织病理学基础。方法：选取2009-12/2011-11真菌性角膜溃疡患者32例32眼,角膜病变未累及内皮层,行角膜板层切除联合那他霉素滴眼治疗,观察记录治疗前后视力、角膜情况、病程、并发症及致病菌种类,对切除组织行组织病理学检查。结果：治疗前视力≤0.05者20眼,～0.3者11眼,〉0.3者1眼。板层切除术后联合那他霉素治疗痊愈28例（87.5%）,治愈时间7～32（平均13.2±8.5）d,痊愈时视力≤0.05者5眼,～0.3者8眼,〉0.3者15眼。病情控制不良改行角膜移植术者4例。31例真菌培养阳性（96.9%）,其中镰刀菌18例,曲霉菌属8例,链格孢霉3例,未知菌属2例。病理学检查显示溃疡灶中有多量中性粒细胞浸润,过碘酸-希夫（PAS）染色显示角膜组织中菌丝多数位于角膜浅层,并呈与板层胶原纤维平行方向生长,但也有少数呈斜形或垂直生长方式,侵及切除组织全层。不同菌属之间菌丝在角膜中生长方式无明显差异。结论：对于病变未累及全层的真菌性角膜溃疡患者,及时行板层角膜切除术可大大提高那他霉素药物治疗有效性,缩短病程,恢复视力。     

22例眼内容剜出的原因及病理学分析

目的分析眼内容剜出的病理学分类以进一步探讨眼内容剜出的原因。方法对本院2001年1月至2007年8月眼病理室存档的22例（22只眼）眼内容剜出病例进行临床分析及组织病理学分析。结果感染性眼内炎12例（54．55％），其中真菌性眼内炎7例；眼球萎缩7例（31．82％）；角巩膜葡萄肿2例（9．09％）；绝对期青光眼1例（4．55％）。结论感染性眼内炎尤其是真菌性眼内炎是眼内容剜出的首要原因，早期正确的诊治可避免眼内容剜出。     

无孢霉菌性角膜炎患者的临床特征及治疗转归

目的　探讨无孢霉菌性角膜炎患者的临床特征及治疗转归。方法　选择2009年3月至2019年3月在山东第一医科大学附属眼科医院诊断为无孢霉菌性角膜炎的患者64例（64眼）,对患者的临床特征、实验室检查、治疗方法和转归进行分析。结果　64例（64眼）中,15例（23.4％）为中浅基质层溃疡和浸润,20例（31.3％）为深基质层溃疡和浸润,29例（45.3％）为深基质层溃疡和全层浸润。26例（40.6％）伴有前房积脓,5例（7.8％）伴有角膜穿孔,所有患者真菌培养均未见孢子生长。9例患者行药物治疗,11例患者接受角膜病灶切除术或结膜瓣遮盖术,17例患者行板层角膜移植术（LKP）,24例患者行穿透性角膜移植术（PKP）,3例患者行眼内容摘除术。总复发率为23.0％（14/61）,其中药物治疗后复发率为22.2％（2/9）,LKP后复发率为11.8％（2/17）,PKP后复发率为41.7％（10/24）,不同治疗方法之间复发率差异有统计学意义（χ²＝11.268,P<0.05;因行眼内容摘除术后无复发可能,统计中未计入眼内容摘除术患者）,LKP组与PKP组患者复发率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术前合并穿孔的患者复发率为75.0％（3/4）,高于无穿孔患者的复发率19.3％（11/57）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。前房积脓患者的复发率为30.4％（7/23）,高于无前房积脓患者的复发率18.4％（7/38）（P＞0.05）。8例患者最终感染无法控制行眼内容摘除术,总治愈率为87.5％。复发患者总体治愈率为64.3%（9/14）。结论　无孢霉菌性角膜炎是一种严重的进行性感染性角膜疾病,角膜移植术后复发率高、预后差,应引起临床医师重视。     

Ocular pythiosis: is it under-diagnosed?

PURPOSE: To increase awareness of ocular pythiosis by presenting a typical case and summarizing clinical data of 11 ocular pythiosis cases in Ramathibodi Hospital. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 48-year-old healthy woman with a history of 3-week painful corneal ulcer of left eye was treated with enucleation. RESULTS: The histopathology of enucleated eye revealed endophthalmitis and ulcerative keratitis with numerous hyphae in full-thickness of corneal stroma. The culture identification of the causative organism was Pythium insidiosum. The final diagnosis was ocular pythiosis. CONCLUSIONS: Pythium insidiosum is a causative agent of pythiosis and is distributed worldwide. Ocular pythiosis may not be uncommon, as it may be underdiagnosed due to unfamiliarity among clinicians and microbiologists. Diagnosis of pythiosis is difficult. The disease has high morbidity, as evidenced by nearly evisceration or enucleation among all patients at Ramathibodi Hospital. Early detection and effective treatment are needed for possible cure.     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔

目的 探讨穿透性角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔的临床疗效。方法 对1994年至2003年在青岛眼科医院行穿透性角膜移植术的40例（40只眼）真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔患者进行随访,随访时间为6～24个月,观察术后视力变化和真菌复发、植片排斥、继发性青光眼、并发性白内障等并发症的发生情况。结果 40例患者中,39例（97．5％）成功地保存了眼球,38例（95．0％）不同程度地提高了视力。穿透性角膜移植术后,4例（10．0％）患者真菌复发,其中3例用药物治愈,1例因合并真菌性眼内炎用药物不能控制而摘除眼球;15例（37．5％）患者植片发生排斥,其中12例经抗排斥治疗植片转为透明,3例因药物治疗无效而行二次穿透性角膜移植术;3例（7．5％）患者植片发生溃疡,其中2例治愈,1例因合并角膜内皮功能失代偿而行二次穿透性角膜移植术;5例（12．5％）患者继发青光眼,眼压均得到成功控制;5例（12．5％）患者发生并发性白内障,其中3例行白内障摘除术。其余患者术后随访期间眼部情况稳定,植片保持透明。最终随访时,36例（90．0％）患者角膜植片透明。结论 穿透性角膜移植术是治疗真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔的有效手术方式,是挽救眼球和视力的主要手段。     

Primary diseases of corneal perforation in Shandong Province, China: a 10-year retrospective study

PURPOSE: To analyze primary diseases of corneal perforation in Shandong Province, China. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative study. METHODS: Medical records of 1,056 patients (1,080 eyes) with corneal perforation treated from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2006 at Shandong Eye Institute were reviewed retrospectively, and primary diseases were evaluated. RESULTS: Corneal perforations mainly were caused by ocular trauma 715 eyes (66.8%) and infectious keratopathy 294 eyes (27.5%). In the traumatic eyes, corneal penetrating wound accounted for 608 eyes (85.0%), followed by explosion injury 42 eyes (5.9%), thermal burn 34 eyes (4.8%), and chemical injury 29 eyes (4.1%). In the infectious eyes, the most common pathogens were herpes simplex virus 124 eyes (42.2%), fungus 74 eyes (25.2%), and bacterium 20 eyes (6.8%). Repeated corneal perforation occurred in nine eyes, with primary diseases of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK; four eyes), Mooren ulcer (two eyes), necrotizing keratitis and scleratitis (one eye), bacterial keratitis (one eye), and alkali burn (one eye). Corneal grafts perforated in 31 eyes, resulting from recurrent HSK (eight eyes), implant autoproteolysis (seven eyes), bacterial infections (six eyes), recurrent Mooren ulcer (four eyes), immunologic rejection (three eyes), trauma (two eyes), and fungal recurrence (one eye). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular trauma and infectious keratopathy dominated among the primary diseases of corneal perforation in Shandong Province, China, during the past 10 years. HSK seems to be the most common cause of repeated corneal perforation. Recurrent primary diseases and implant autoproteolysis and infection more often result in graft perforation.     

Eyes removed for primary ulcerative keratitis with endophthalmitis: microbial and histologic findings

OBJECTIVES: To study the microbiological and histological findings in patients whose eyes are removed for primary ulcerative keratitis with suppurative endophthalmitis. METHODS: Survey of consecutive cases of ulcerative keratitis with histologically defined endophthalmitis treated by enucleation or evisceration. RESULTS: Eighteen cases of ulcerative keratitis with suppurative endophthalmitis were identified. Thirteen corneal ulcers were culture positive (72%). Microorganism were found in histologic sections of the anterior segment of 9 eyes (50%), but no microorganisms were identified in the vitreous. Two eyes (11%) had culture-positive endophthalmitis. Half of the patients in this study who had undergone elective intraocular surgery had done so within 4 months of enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable vitreous inflammation can occur with microbial keratitis in the absence of histologically demonstrable microorganisms in the vitreous. Microbial keratitis associated with suppurative endophthalmitis is usually caused by virulent organisms. The factors that contributed to the spread of purulent inflammation inside the eye could not be assessed in this morphologic study because of the lack of clinical data.     

眼内炎16例临床分析

目的:探讨眼内炎的病因以及玻璃体切割术治疗眼内炎的临床疗效。方法:对我院2010-01/2012-12收治的眼内炎患者共16例16眼进行回顾性分析,其中男13例,女3例,年龄42～82(平均60)岁。其中5例患者行眼球内容物剜除术,11例患者行玻璃体切割术。结果:因眼外伤所致眼内炎8例,内源性眼内炎2例,白内障术后2例,抗青光眼术后2例,感染性角膜炎1例,白内障过熟期晶状体过敏性眼内炎1例。经玻璃体切割术后8例视力有不同程度提高,脱盲(视力>0.05)6例(55%)。结论:眼外伤是眼内炎的最常见原因,玻璃体切割手术治疗能不同程度恢复患者视功能。     

【In Press】 Etiology and failure analysis of anterior lamellar keratoplasty

AIM: To analyze indications and reasons for failure of anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK). METHODS: The clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Main outcome measures: included indications for ALK and reasons for failure of ALK. RESULTS: A total of 434 patients (462 eyes) were treated with ALK at Qindao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute from June 1, 2009 to May 31, 2016. The main indications were infectious keratitis (33.3%), keratoconus (23.6%), corneal dystrophy and degeneration(9.7%), Mooren''s ulcer(8.4%), corneal neoplasm(7.8%), viral keratitis(6.5%) and regrafting (3.7%). Fungal keratitis accounted for 73.4% in the infectious keratitis cases. ALKs were failed in 36 patients, with the major causes being recurrence of primary diseases (63.9%). The leading causes of graft failure was Mooren''s ulcer (36.1%), followed by infectious keratitis (30.6%). Recurrence of fungal keratitis accounted for 81.8% in the failed cases after ALK for infectious keratitis cases. CONCLUSION: Infectious keratitis and keratoconus are the main indications for ALK, of which fungal keratitis was the major cause of corneal infections. Recurrence of primary disease is the main reason of graft failure after ALK, in which the main primary diseases associated with graft failure are Mooren''s ulcer and fungal keratitis.     

Corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China: a 10-year retrospective study on 578 cases

AIM: To determine the epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs, laboratory findings, and outcomes in patients with corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China. METHODS: The medical records of 578 inpatients (578 eyes) with corneal infection were reviewed retrospectively for demographic characteristics, risk factors, seasonal variation, clinical signs, laboratory findings, and treatment strategy. Patient history, ocular examination findings using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, laboratory findings resulted from microbiological cultures, and treatment. RESULTS: Fungal keratitis constituted 58.48% of cases of infectious keratitis among the inpatients, followed by herpes simplex keratitis (20.76%), bacterial keratitis (19.03%) and acanthamoeba keratitis (1.73%). The most common risk factor was corneal trauma (71.80%). The direct microscopic examination (338 cases) using potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mounts was positive in 296 cases (87.57%). Among the 298 fungal culture-positive cases, Fusarium species were the most common isolates (70.47%). A total of 517 cases (89.45%) received surgical intervention, including 255 (44.12%) cases of penetrating keratoplasty, 74 (12.80%) cases of lamellar keratoplasty which has become increasingly popular, and 77 cases (13.32%) of evisceration or enucleation. CONCLUSION: At present, infectious keratitis is a primary corneal disease causing blindness in China. With Fusarium species being the most commonly identified pathogens, fungal keratitis is the leading cause of severe infectious corneal ulcers in Shandong peninsula of China.     

Eye-banking risk factors for fungal endophthalmitis compared with bacterial endophthalmitis after corneal transplantation

PURPOSE: To track the relative frequency and explore possible risk factors of fungal compared with bacterial endophthalmitis after corneal transplantation. DESIGN: Case-comparison study nested in a surveillance registry. METHODS: We examined, among recipients who underwent surgery from January 1991 through December 2003, demographic and eye-banking characteristics of postkeratoplasty endophthalmitis cases that were reported to the Eye Bank Association of America by US eye banks. Potential predictors of fungal compared with bacterial endophthalmitis were examined using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 234 reported cases of postkeratoplasty endophthalmitis reported by US eye bank, 46 cases (19.7%) were fungal, and 130 cases (55.6%) were bacterial. Concordant cultures of the residual donor corneoscleral rim or preservation medium occurred significantly more often with fungal than bacterial endophthalmitis (P = .009). After the introduction of Optisol-GS, the odds of bacterial relative to fungal endophthalmitis decreased by 77% (95% confidence interval, 44% - 91%). After adjustment for the preservation method and other eye-banking variables, the odds of fungal endophthalmitis was 3.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 - 7.4) times that of bacterial endophthalmitis, when donor corneal preservation was 4 days or longer. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of postkeratoplasty bacterial endophthalmitis compared with fungal endophthalmitis fell after widespread use of a corneal preservation medium supplemented with gentamicin and streptomycin. Further improvements in corneal preservation procedures are needed.