牛蒡子苷元对肿瘤血管生成抑制作用的观察

目的:观察牛蒡子苷元(ARG)对裸鼠体内、体外肿瘤血管生成的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:利用人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞进行体内、外实验。体外实验分别采用RT-PCR、细胞免疫组化检测ARG作用前后SMMC-7721细胞中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因及蛋白的表达;体内实验建立裸鼠SMMC-7721细胞肺转移瘤模型,成瘤后ARG干预,第30天取出肿瘤组织,免疫组化检测裸鼠瘤体CD34标记的血管内皮细胞,计算微血管密度(MVD)。结果:VEGF mRNA表达量经ARG及5-FU作用后,阴性对照组、3个药物组及阳性对照组依次为1.01±0.03、0.92±0.02、0.81±0.15、0.72±0.03和0.82±0.26;实验组VEGF蛋白表达率为44.16%,明显低于对照组的82.13%。ARG作用后VEGF mRNA及蛋白表达水平下降,P<0.05。裸鼠SMMC-7721细胞肺转移瘤的MVD减少,空白对照组、药物组和5-FU组裸鼠MVD值分别为39.43±3.31、19.29±2.06和21.57±2.82,P<0.01。结论:ARG通过下调裸鼠VEGF mRNA及蛋白的表达,抑制裸鼠SMMC-7721细胞肺转移瘤的血管生成。     

牛蒡子苷元调控Notch/Hes-1信号通路对口腔鳞状细胞癌HSC-3细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

目的：探究牛蒡子苷元（ARC）通过调控Notch/Hes-1信号通路对口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）HSC-3细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法：使用不同质量浓度的ARC处理人HSC-3细胞,CCK-8法检测ARC对细胞增殖活力的影响,以选择适宜的药物浓度。将HSC-3细胞分为对照组、ARC-L组（10 mg/L ARC）、ARC-M组（20 mg/L ARC）、ARC-H组（40 mg/L ARC）和ARC-H+Jagged1/FC组（40 mg/L ARC+1.2μg/mL Jagged1/FC）。采用EdU法检测细胞增殖能力,划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验和流式细胞术分别检测细胞的迁移、侵袭能力及细胞周期和细胞凋亡率,WB法检测增殖（c-Myc、cyclin D1）、凋亡（BAX、Bcl-2、survivin）、EMT(E-cadherin、vimentin、Snail)及Notch/Hes-1通路（Notch 1、Hes-1、NICD）相关蛋白的表达水平。结果：与0 mg/L相比,10～80 mg/L的ARC均能显著降低HSC-3细胞增殖活力（均P<0.05）。与...     

腹腔热化疗中卵巢癌细胞对顺铂敏感性影响的体外研究

目的:探讨腹腔热疗对卵巢癌细胞顺铂敏感株的化疗增敏作用及对顺铂耐药株的逆转耐药作用,并分析其作用机制,为腹腔热疗增加顺铂化疗敏感性及逆转卵巢癌顺铂耐药提供实验依据。方法:MTT 法研究常温及41℃不同作用时间下温热联合顺铂对卵巢癌细胞敏感株SKOV 3、卵巢癌细胞顺铂耐药株SKOV 3/DDP 的生长抑制作用。Western bloting法检测常温及41℃不同作用时间下ERCC1 基因表达水平。结果:41℃下作用60、90min时对SKOV 3 细胞生长的抑制作用大,差异有显著性,P<0.001。热处理对SKOV 3/DDP 细胞生长有抑制作用,不同时间差异有统计学意义。热疗联合顺铂在常温或41℃下,SKOV 3 细胞对顺铂的敏感性不同,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。 且41℃作用90min时敏感性最大（P=0.002）,对顺铂的敏感性提高79.885% 。热处理不同时间,SKOV 3/DDP 细胞对顺铂的敏感性增加,差异有显著性,P<0.001。41℃90min SKOV3/DDP 细胞对顺铂的敏感性提高37.129% 。在SKOV 3 细胞中,ERCC1 表达水平较SKOV 3/DDP 细胞降低,F=32.175,P<0.001。热疗联合顺铂与常温下相比,SKOV 3、SKOV 3/DDP 细胞中ERCC1 基因表达水平差异无统计学意义,F=0.962,P=0.443。结论:热疗对卵巢癌细胞SKOV 3 及其顺铂耐药亚株SKOV 3/DDP 细胞有生长抑制作用;热疗联合顺铂可以增加SKOV 3 细胞对顺铂的敏感性,可以部分逆转SKOV 3/DDP细胞对顺铂的耐药性,且最佳作用时间为41℃90min;ERCC1 表达增加与卵巢癌顺铂耐药有关,但热疗联合顺铂对ERCC1 基因表达水平无明显影响,热疗可能通过其他途径增加肿瘤细胞对顺铂的敏感性。      

卵巢癌顺铂耐药性研究进展

卵巢癌顺铂耐药是困扰广大学者的难题，近年来研究发现除细胞内药物蓄积和DNA伤修复以外，基因和凋亡调控因子的变化在其中亦起着重要作用。同时细胞外基质、热休克蛋白等相关因素的发现也为人们提供了新思路。现综述上述领域以及耐药逆转方面的研究成果。     

舒林酸对卵巢癌细胞系CP70顺铂耐药性的逆转作用

目的：研究舒林酸体外逆转卵巢癌细胞系CP70的顺铂耐药性，并探讨其与β—catenin表达的关系。方法：MTT法检测单独使用舒林酸或顺铂及两药联合使用时对CP70细胞的抑制作用，免疫细胞化学和Westernblot方法检测细胞内β—catenin表达水平。结果：两药联合处理细胞后顺铂耐药逆转倍数为6．01，联合处理组的细胞中β—catenin表达明显降低。结论：舒林酸能部分逆转CP70细胞对顺铂的耐药性，且此作用可能与下调细胞的β—catenin表达有关。     

舒林酸对卵巢癌细胞系CP70顺铂耐药性的逆转作用

目的:研究舒林酸体外逆转卵巢癌细胞系CP70的顺铂耐药性,并探讨其与β-catenin表达的关系。方法:MTT法检测单独使用舒林酸或顺铂及两药联合使用时对CP70细胞的抑制作用,免疫细胞化学和Western blot方法检测细胞内β-catenin表达水平。结果:两药联合处理细胞后顺铂耐药逆转倍数为6.01,联合处理组的细胞中β-catenin表达明显降低。结论:舒林酸能部分逆转CP70细胞对顺铂的耐药性,且此作用可能与下调细胞的β-catenin表达有关。     

lncRNA FAL1通过调控MAPK通路对卵巢癌细胞化疗耐药性的影响及其机制

目的 观察lncRNA FAL1在卵巢癌细胞及其耐药细胞株中的表达差异,探索下调lncRNA FAL1对细胞化疗耐药性的影响及机制.方法 qRT-PCR法检测SKOV3和COC1细胞及其耐药细胞株FAL1基因表达水平,转染FAL1-siRNA下调FAL1基因,MTT检测细胞增殖能力,Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力...     

CIK细胞联合顺铂对卵巢癌耐药细胞SKOV3/CDDP的杀伤作用

目的：探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤（cytokine-induced killer,CIK）细胞联合顺铂对卵巢癌顺铂耐药细胞SKOV3/CD-DP小鼠腹腔移植模型的体内外杀伤作用。方法：取正常人的外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）,加入IFN-γ、IL-2、CD3McAb和IL-1,体外诱导成CIK细胞。用MTT法测定CIK细胞、顺铂及两者联合对人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3/CDDP细胞的杀伤活性。在SCID小鼠腹腔内接种卵巢癌SKOV3/CDDP细胞,观察CIK细胞对荷瘤鼠的体内抑瘤作用,并用RIA法检测各组血清中CA125的含量。结果：顺铂对SKOV3/CDDP细胞的IC50为315.5μg/ml,较其对SKOV3细胞的IC50（85μg/ml）增加了4倍;CIK细胞对SKOV3与SKOV3/CDDP细胞的杀伤活性均在48h最高,且随效靶比的增高而增强,其对SKOV3/CDDP细胞的杀伤活性明显高于SKOV3（P〈0.05）。仅25μg/ml的顺铂即可使效靶比为12.5∶1组中的联合杀伤率比单纯顺铂组增加5.8倍,比单纯加CIK（相同效靶比）细胞杀伤率增加2.3倍,且随效靶细胞比值和顺铂浓度的升高呈依赖性增加。与对照组相比,CIK组与CIK＋顺铂组均能显著抑制癌性结节的生长,抑瘤率达100%,且3组SCID鼠血中CA125值有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：正常人CIK细胞联合顺铂对清除晚期卵巢癌表达耐药蛋白的腹腔种植转移病灶可能会有较好的效果,并有希望成为前景良好的综合治疗方案。     

姜黄素逆转卵巢癌耐药细胞株COC1/DDP耐药性及机制的研究

目的：探讨姜黄素对耐药卵巢癌细胞增殖、凋亡及对顺铂敏感性的影响并探讨其机制。方法：采用MTT法检测顺铂、姜黄素、顺铂与姜黄素合用对COC1/DDP细胞的生长抑制作用;用流式细胞仪检测2.5μg/ml顺铂、20μmol/L姜黄素、2.5μg/ml顺铂与20μmol/L姜黄素合用作用于COC1/DDP细胞48h后的细胞凋亡率;RT-PCR法检测上述各组细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Caspase-3、Survivin的表达。结果：姜黄素浓度在（15-35）μmol/L以内时对COC1/DDP有明显的增殖抑制作用,且呈一定的剂量-效应关系。顺铂的浓度在（1.25-5）μg/ml时加入姜黄素20μmol/L后耐药细胞生存率下降明显（P〈0.05）,尤以顺铂2.5μg/ml和姜黄素20μmol/L联合作用时,耐药细胞生存率下降最明显;COC1/DDP中顺铂与姜黄素联合用药与单独用顺铂相比,凋亡率明显增加（P〈0.05）;顺铂与姜黄素联合用药与单独用顺铂相比Bcl-2、Sur-vivin mRNA的表达明显降低（P〈0.05）,Caspase-3 mRNA的表达明显增高（P〈0.05）。结论：姜黄素能够显著抑制COC1/DDP增殖,并能增强该细胞系对顺铂的敏感性,其机制可能与降低Bcl-2、Survivin基因的表达,增加Caspase-3基因的表达有关。     

奈达铂体外诱导人卵巢癌顺铂耐药细胞凋亡的机制

目的探讨研究奈达铂（NDP）体外对人卵巢癌顺铂原发耐药细胞株SKOV3和继发耐药株SKOV3/DDP的抑制作用及其机制。方法采用MTT法检测体外不同时间不同浓度的NDP对SKOV3及SKOV3/DDP细胞的杀伤作用,计算半数抑制浓度(IC50);流式细胞术(FCM)测定给药前后细胞凋亡率及周期分布变化;半定量PCR分析凋亡基因Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3,caspase-9及反应肿瘤细胞侵袭力的基因MMP-2的表达变化。结果NDP能明显抑制SKOV3及SKOV3/DDP生长,呈时间-剂量依赖性;流式结果显示随时间、浓度增加,SKOV3和SKOV3/DDP细胞凋亡明显增加,S期细胞的比例增加,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,Bcl-2、MMP-2表达减少,Bax,caspase-3,caspase-9表达增加。结论NDP可抑制SKOV3和SKOV3/DDP细胞增殖,其机制可能与诱导细胞凋亡,细胞S期阻滞,下调Bcl-2及上调Bax,caspase-3,caspase-9的表达有关;同时可下调MMP-2的表达,有利于降低卵巢癌细胞的侵袭力。     

Identification of genes associated with platinum drug sensitivity and resistance in human ovarian cancer cells

Platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimens are ultimately unsuccessful due to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Understanding the molecular basis for platinum drug sensitivity/resistance is necessary for the development of new drugs and therapeutic regimens. In an effort to identify such determinants, we evaluated the expression of approximately 4000 genes using cDNA microarray screening in a panel of 14 unrelated human ovarian cancer cell lines derived from patients who were either untreated or treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. These data were analysed relative to the sensitivities of the cells to four platinum drugs (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin), carboplatin, DACH-(oxalato)platinum (II) (oxaliplatin) and cis-diamminedichloro (2-methylpyridine) platinum (II) (AMD473)) as well as the proliferation rate of the cells. Correlation analysis of the microarray data with respect to drug sensitivity and resistance revealed a significant association of Stat1 expression with decreased sensitivity to cisplatin (r=0.65) and AMD473 (r=0.76). These results were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. To study the functional significance of these findings, the full-length Stat1 cDNA was transfected into drug-sensitive A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. The resulting clones that exhibited increased Stat1 expression were three- to five-fold resistant to cisplatin and AMD473 as compared to the parental cells. The effect of inhibiting Jak/Stat signalling on platinum drug sensitivity was investigated using the Janus kinase inhibitor, AG490. Pretreatment of platinum-resistant cells with AG490 resulted in significant increased sensitivity to AMD473, but not to cisplatin or oxaliplatin. Overall, the results indicate that cDNA microarray analysis may be used successfully to identify determinants of drug sensitivity/resistance and future functional studies of other candidate genes from this database may lead to an increased understanding of the drug resistance phenotype.     

卵巢癌肿瘤干细胞耐药性及其治疗的研究进展

肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤组织内具有自我更新能力及无限增殖潜能的一群细胞,对外源细胞毒性药物耐受。卵巢癌肿瘤干细胞在卵巢癌发生、化疗耐药和复发过程中起重要作用。传统治疗对减小肿瘤体积有效,但是治疗后残留的卵巢癌干细胞成为卵巢癌复发和难治的根源,针对卵巢癌肿瘤干细胞的靶向治疗可能在抗卵巢癌治疗中具有重要作用,为临床彻底治愈卵巢癌带来希望。     

lncRNA Linc01296 对卵巢癌细胞OVCAR-3 顺铂耐药的影响及其与临床病理特征的关系

[摘要] 目的：探究lncRNA Linc01296 对卵巢癌细胞顺铂（cisplatin,DDP）抵抗的影响及其作用机制。方法：收集2017 年10月至2018 年10 月四川省人民医院妇科卵巢癌组织样本53 例、交界性卵巢肿瘤样本22 例及良性卵巢肿块组织样本17 例,qPCR检测3 种样本Linc01296 mRNA表达的差异,并分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系。培养人卵巢癌细胞系OVCAR-3（OVCAR-3 Control）及其DDP耐药细胞系（OVCAR-3 DR）,慢病毒转染表达靶向Linc01296 siRNA 的载体及对照随机靶向序列载体于OVCAR-3 DR细胞中,作为siLinc01296 和siControl 组,CCK-8 实验检测各组细胞系DDP半抑制浓度（IC50）及耐药指数,qPCR 检测OVCAR-3 Control、DR、DR siControl 及siLinc01296 组细胞系中Linc01296 及肿瘤干细胞相关基因Oct-4 及Sox-2 的mRNA表达水平,WB检测各组细胞系Oct-4 及Sox-2 的蛋白表达水平。结果：OVCAR-3 DR组细胞DDP IC50及耐药指数显著高于OVCAR-3 Control 组（均P<0.01）,siLinc01296 组细胞DDP IC50及耐药指数显著低于DR siControl 组（P<0.01）,且显著高于OVCAR-3 Control组（P<0.01）;DR 组细胞Linc01296、Oct-4 及Sox-2 mRNA 及蛋白表达均高于OVCAR-3 Control 组（均P<0.01）,siLinc01296 组Linc01296、Oct-4 及Sox-2 mRNA及蛋白表达显著低于DR siControl 组（均P<0.01）,而Oct-4 及Sox-2 mRNA及蛋白均高于OVCAR-3 Control 组（均P<0.01）;Linc01296 在卵巢癌组织中的表达显著高于交界性卵巢肿瘤及良性卵巢组织（均P<0.01）,且与患者淋巴结转移及临床分期呈正相关（均P<0.05）。结论：Linc01296 可通过提高卵巢癌肿瘤干细胞标志物的表达促进细胞DDP抵抗的发生,且高表达于卵巢癌组织中,与患者病情进展密切相关。     

卵巢癌SKOV3细胞外泌体分泌水平及其对顺铂敏感性的影响

目的:探究卵巢癌SKOV3细胞外泌体分泌水平与其顺铂敏感性的关系.方法:用超速离心法提取卵巢癌细胞外泌体,透射电镜与纳米粒径示踪分析(NTA)外泌体形态与粒径大小,Western blot检测外泌体表面标志性蛋白水平,电感耦合等离子体质谱计检测外泌体中顺铂含量,CCK-8检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞凋亡术检测细胞凋亡情况...     

耐顺铂卵巢癌患者腹水中ALDH1阳性肿瘤细胞的生物学特性

目的:探讨卵巢癌顺铂耐药患者腹水中ALDH1阳性肿瘤细胞的生物学特征。方法:从卵巢癌顺铂耐药患者腹水中分离癌细胞,流式分选法得到 ALDH1阳性和ALDH1阴性细胞,荧光定量RT-PCR检测两组细胞的干细胞标志CD44、CD90、CD133及上皮间质化相关标志E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin及Fibronectin在mRNA水平的表达,MTT法测定细胞增殖曲线和对顺铂的耐药指数,Transwell 小室侵袭实验、克隆形成实验、悬浮成球实验分别观察细胞侵袭能力、增殖分化能力及干细胞的潜能。结果:与ALDH1阴性细胞相比,ALDH1阳性细胞的干细胞标志CD44、CD90、CD133表达升高,上皮化标志E-cadherin降低,间质化标志 N-cadherin、Vimentin表达明显升高。MTT测定生长曲线显示ALDH1阳性细胞增殖明显增快,对顺铂的耐药指数为14.2,ALDH1阳性细胞的穿膜细胞数、克隆形成数以及成球数目显著高于ALDH1 阴性细胞 (P<0.05)。结论:ALDH1阳性细胞具备干细胞特征,其耐药性和侵袭能力增强。     

Low expression of MYCN promotes cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin-induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common cause of gynecological cancer-associated mortality. Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs used in EOC; however, its use can lead to relapse due to cisplatin resistance. MYCN sensitizes neuroblastoma to undergo cisplatin-induced apoptosis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies to date on the association between MYCN and cisplatin resistance in EOC. Therefore, the present study assessed this association. Datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were used. The overall survival (OS) of patients receiving platin-based therapy was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter software. RNA sequencing data of 300 patients with EOC were downloaded from cBioportal. The co-expressed genes were subjected to ‘Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes’ analysis using DAVID software. For gene set enrichment analysis, the expression matrix was separated according to the median expression of MYCN, which was selected for hallmark gene set enrichment. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess MYCN expression in EOC tissue. Western blotting was used to evaluate MYCN, p53, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels in EOC cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The results demonstrated that MYCN upregulation was associated with increased cisplatin sensitivity and prolonged OS of patients with EOC and patients receiving platin-based therapy. Cisplatin downregulated MYCN expression in cisplatin-sensitive, but not resistant, EOC cells. The genes co-expressed with MYCN were primarily involved in pathways involved in ‘chemotherapeutic resistance’ and ‘apoptosis’. MYCN enriched the apoptosis and p53 signaling pathways in hallmark gene sets. Cells in which MYCN was knocked down demonstrated significantly increased cisplatin resistance; however, MYCN overexpression in cisplatin-resistant cells restored cisplatin sensitivity. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that MYCN downregulation promoted cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin-induced apoptosis in EOC.     

RNA干扰Survivin基因沉默对卵巢癌SKOV3及SKOV3/ADM细胞凋亡的影响

背景与目的:RNA干扰技术被广泛应用于肿瘤基因治疗、抗病毒感染、基因药物筛选等许多领域。Survivin基因在卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3及其耐药株SKOV3/ADM中高表达,是进行卵巢癌基因治疗理想的靶点。本研究探讨Survivin基因沉默后对卵巢癌细胞SKOV3及其耐药株SKOV3/ADM凋亡的影响。方法:将重组质粒pshRNA鄄Survivin以脂质体转染至SKOV3、SKOV3/ADM细胞。分别用半定量RT鄄PCR、Westernblot检测细胞内SurvivinmRNA和蛋白表达的变化,吖啶橙/溴乙锭(AO/EB)染色法、TUNEL及流式细胞仪检测重组质粒诱导细胞凋亡的情况。结果:转染pshRNA鄄Survivin后,SKOV3、SKOV3/ADM细胞中SurvivinmRNA拷贝数明显减少,抑制率分别为83.79%和91.56%,蛋白质的表达水平显著降低;干扰组细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,Survivin沉默后48h,SKOV3、SKOV3/ADM的细胞凋亡率分别为14.05%和21.02%,而在对照组未检测到明显凋亡。结论:重组质粒pshRNA鄄Survivin可明显抑制SKOV3、SKOV3/ADM细胞内SurvivinmRNA和蛋白的表达,介导卵巢癌细胞凋亡。     

HSP90 identified by a proteomic approach as druggable target to reverse platinum resistance in ovarian cancer

Acquired resistance to platinum (Pt)‐based therapies is an urgent unmet need in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Here, we characterized by an unbiased proteomics method three isogenic EOC models of acquired Pt resistance (TOV‐112D, OVSAHO, and MDAH‐2774). Using this approach, we identified several differentially expressed proteins in Pt‐resistant (Pt‐res) compared to parental cells and the chaperone HSP90 as a central hub of these protein networks. Accordingly, up‐regulation of HSP90 was observed in all Pt‐res cells and heat‐shock protein 90 alpha isoform knockout resensitizes Pt‐res cells to cisplatin (CDDP) treatment. Moreover, pharmacological HSP90 inhibition using two different inhibitors [17‐(allylamino)‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) and ganetespib] synergizes with CDDP in killing Pt‐res cells in all tested models. Mechanistically, genetic or pharmacological HSP90 inhibition plus CDDP ‐induced apoptosis and increased DNA damage, particularly in Pt‐res cells. Importantly, the antitumor activities of HSP90 inhibitors (HSP90i) were confirmed both ex vivo in primary cultures derived from Pt‐res EOC patients ascites and in vivo in a xenograft model. Collectively, our data suggest an innovative antitumor strategy, based on Pt compounds plus HSP90i, to rechallenge Pt‐res EOC patients that might warrant further clinical evaluation.