乳腺癌术后修复重建的临床经验

目的 探讨国人乳腺癌术后修复重建的经验。方法 回顾性分析2009年11月至2011年1月海南省农垦总医院收治的15例乳腺癌术后自体组织修复重建患者的临床资料。结果 15例手术患者中,即刻修复5例（4例为即刻修复临床Ⅳ期乳癌术后胸壁创面）,延期修复10例。单纯应用背阔肌肌皮瓣带蒂转移3例（2例为即刻修复保乳术后局部缺损）,背阔肌肌皮瓣带蒂转移加乳房假体3例,乳腺瓣修复保乳术后局部缺损1例,内窥镜辅助背阔肌肌瓣带蒂转移修复保乳术后乳腺局部缺损1例,组织扩张术行局部皮瓣转移2例。随访2～15个月,皮瓣全部成活,创面愈合良好,形态满意。结论 自体组织修复保乳术后的局部缺损对于乳房普遍较小的中国患者实用方便,设计灵活,可同时修复腋窝缺损,不影响放疗和化疗的及时进行,具有良好的应用前景。     

分子分型与乳腺癌新辅助化疗腋窝降阶梯手术的研究

  目的  探讨临床淋巴结阴性患者新辅助化疗（neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic,NAC）与前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB）的最佳时机,评估临床淋巴结阳性患者行NAC后腋窝降阶梯手术可能获益人群。  方法  回顾性分析2010年10月至2017年11月山东大学附属山东省肿瘤医院收治206例行NAC患者的临床病理资料,分析分子分型与腋窝淋巴结病理完全缓解（axillary nodal pathologic complete response,apCR）的关系。  结果  206例行NAC患者中183例为临床淋巴结阳性,apCR为33.3%（61/183）。Luminal型HER-2阴性患者apCR为19.8%（17/86）,与HER-2阳性行靶向治疗患者apCR的62.1%（18/29）、HER-2阳性未行靶向治疗的34.5%（10/29）及三阴性乳腺癌（triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC）的41.0%（16/39）相比显著降低,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。23例临床淋巴结阴性患者行NAC后前哨淋巴结阳性率为26.1%（6/23）,Luminal型HER-2阴性、TNBC和HER-2阳性患者前哨淋巴结阳性率分别为36.4%（4/11）、25.0%（1/4）和12.5%（1/8）。  结论  分子分型与行NAC后的apCR相关。对临床淋巴结阴性的Luminal型HER-2阴性患者,NAC前行SLNB可避免腋窝淋巴结清扫,对临床淋巴结阴性的TNBC和HER-2阳性患者,建议NAC后行SLNB。临床淋巴结阳性且行NAC降期转阴的TNBC和HER-2阳性患者,从NAC后的腋窝降阶梯手术中可能获益更多。      

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后内乳区前哨淋巴结活检研究

目的：新辅助化疗（neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC）目前已成为局部晚期乳腺癌患者的标准治疗模式。本研究旨在评估乳腺癌患者在NAC后接受内乳区前哨淋巴结活检（internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy,IMSLNB）的临床获益。方法：回顾性分析2014年4月—2018年4月山东大学附属山东省肿瘤医院乳腺病中心收治的202例接受NAC的原发性乳腺癌患者的临床资料并进行统计分析,入组患者术前均采用“新型注射技术”注射核素示踪剂。术前哨位淋巴结显像和（或）术中γ探测仪发现内乳区前哨淋巴结（internal mammary sentinel lymph node,IMSLN）显像者行经肋间IMSLNB。根据目前的指南评估NAC后接受IMSLNB的临床获益。结果：入组202例患者,NAC后IMSLN显像率为34.2%(69/202),且与临床肿瘤分期相关（P=0.017）,IMSLN显像患者中,临床淋巴结阴性和临床淋巴结阳性（clinical lymph node-positive,cN⁺）患者分别占11.6% (8/69)和88.4%(61/69)。NAC后IMSLNB的成功率为98.6%（68/69）,IMSLN的检出率为33.7%(68/202),转移率为11.8% (8/68),8例IMSLN转移患者,术后淋巴结分期发生了改变,其中1例患者不伴腋窝淋巴结（axillary lymph node,ALN）转移（pN₀至pN_1b）,2例伴1~3枚ALN转移（pN_1a至pN_1c）,4例伴4~9枚ALN转移（pN_2a至pN_3b）,1例伴≥10枚ALN转移（pN_3a至pN_3b）,术后病理学分期也发生了改变（0期至ⅠB期,ⅡA/ⅢA期至ⅢC期）,这8例IMSLN转移患者术后均接受了内乳区放疗（internal mammary node irradiation,IMNI）。结论：NAC后IMSLN有显像的患者,尤其是cN⁺患者,NAC后应接受IMSLNB,以期获得完整的淋巴结分期。IMSLNB能够进一步完善淋巴结病理完全缓解的定义并指导IMNI。     

乳头乳晕区乳腺癌术后即刻乳房重建的临床探讨

目的 探讨乳头乳晕区乳腺癌术后即刻乳房重建的方法及临床应用。方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学肿瘤医院乳腺一科2004年1月至2007年12月共15例乳头乳晕区乳腺癌患者，其中0期乳腺癌3例，Ⅰ期乳腺癌7例，Ⅱ期乳腺癌5例。15例患者中13例行乳头乳晕区圆形切ISI的保乳手术（标本切缘阴性）后即刻背阔肌皮瓣重建术，2例拟行乳头乳晕区圆形切口的保乳手术，因标本切缘阳性，改行仿根治术，术后行即刻背阔肌皮瓣加假体植入乳房重建术。15例患者中即刻乳头乳晕重建术9例，延期乳头乳晕重建术2例，拒绝乳头乳晕重建4例。结果 13例保乳加背阔肌皮瓣重建患者中12例外形满意，满意率为92．31％，1例缝合后中央区内陷，外形不满意，但大小与健侧对称。2例背阔肌皮瓣联合假体重建乳房外形满意。9例即刻重建乳头乳晕7例成活，2例发生重建乳头部分坏死；3例乳头位置略高于健侧。2例延期乳头乳晕重建均成活，且位置对称。15例中6例发生背部皮下积液，1例背部切口裂开。随访10～48个月，中位随访时间25个月，1例患者出现切口局部复发，复发率为7．69％，无远处转移发生。结论 对乳头乳晕中央区乳腺癌进行保乳手术加即刻背阔肌皮瓣重建术可以提高术后乳房外形满意率，且可行即刻乳头乳晕重建术。保乳手术后局部复发率和远处转移率与根治术无差异。     

HER2阳性和三阴性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后选择性避免腋窝手术分期的研究

背景与目的：新辅助化疗（neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC）目前已成为局部晚期乳腺癌患者的标准治疗模式。探讨人表皮生长因子受体2（human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2）阳性和三阴性乳腺癌（triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC）患者NAC后选择性避免腋窝手术分期的可行性及可能获益人群。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月—2018年8月山东省肿瘤防治研究院（山东省肿瘤医院）收治的865例行NAC患者的临床病理学资料,其中184例（21.3%）为HER2阳性和TNBC患者,分析其临床病理学特征与NAC后腋窝淋巴结病理学阴性（ypN ₀ ）的相关性。结果：NAC前肿瘤分期、淋巴结分期及Ki-67,NAC后腋窝淋巴结临床阴性（ycN ₀ ）、乳房影像学完全缓解（breast radiologic complete response,brCR）及乳房病理学完全缓解（breast pathologic complete response,bpCR）均与NAC后ypN ₀ 显著相关（P<0.05）,其中NAC前临床淋巴结分期（OR=0.363,P<0.001）、bpCR（OR=11.285,P<0.001）及ycN ₀（OR=4.995,P<0.001）是NAC后ypN ₀ 的独立预测因素。cN ₀ →ycN ₀ 组37例,NAC后bpCR、未达bpCR患者ypN ₀ 率分别为100.0%（17/17）、90.0%（18/20）（P=0.178）。cN ₁ →ycN ₀ 组42例,NAC后bpCR、未达bpCR患者ypN ₀ 率分别为95.8%（23/24）、55.6%（10/18）（P<0.001）。NAC后未达bpCR的cN 1 患者腋窝淋巴结残留转移的相对风险是bpCR患者的10.56倍（95% CI：2.720~41.003;P<0.001）。结论：在HER2阳性和TNBC患者中,NAC后bpCR与腋窝淋巴结状态具有高度相关性。NAC后bpCR的cN ₀ 及部分cN ₁ 患者（NAC后降期为ycN ₀ ）腋窝淋巴结残留转移的风险<5%,使其选择性避免腋窝手术分期成为可能。     

雌激素受体、孕激素受体表达与乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效及预后的关系

 目的　研究雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）表达与乳腺癌新辅助化疗（NAC）疗效的关系,并探讨其与预后的相关性。方法　76例经活组织病理检查确诊的乳腺癌患者,根据ER和PR表达情况分为观察组（ER、PR均阴性,32例）和对照组（除外ER、PR阴性者,44例）,行TEC方案化疗4个周期后,评价两组化疗疗效,并比较两组3年总生存率及3年无病生存率。结果　给予NAC后,观察组完全缓解（CR）率（65.6 %,21/32）及总有效率（87.5 %,28/32）均显著高于对照组（29.5 %,13／44;72.7 %,32／44）（χ2＝4.670,P＝0.034; χ2＝6.400,P＝0.011）,其中获得病理完全缓解（pCR）的患者（31.3 %,10／32）亦显著多于对照组（9.1 %,4／44）（χ2＝4.862,P＝0.031）。观察组与对照组获得pCR患者的3年总生存率（75.6 %、76.0 %）及3年无病生存率（64.3 %、72.2 %）差异无统计学意义（χ2＝1.14,P＝0.271; χ2＝1.86,P＝0.190）;而观察组未获得pCR者3年总生存率（42.9 %）及3年无病生存率（47.1 %）均显著低于对照组（63.4 %、68.0 %）（χ2＝4.20,P＝0.037;χ2＝5.33,P＝0.021）。结论　乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织ER及PR阴性表达是独立的预后不良的分子生物学指标。ER及PR阴性乳腺癌患者NAC的临床缓解率高,其中获得pCR者预后较好。     

乳腺癌术后胸壁复发23例临床及病理分析

回顾分析乳腺癌术后胸壁复发的临床及病理因素。乳腺癌术后胸壁局部复发23例，占同期全部乳腺癌手术病例的3．86％，病理学类型多为浸润性导管癌，Ⅲ期患者复发率为13．9％，腋窝淋巴结转移数超过4枚者多发率最高为12．5％，原发灶ER（－）及PR（－）的患者复发多发生于术后第1、2年内，复发后12例2年内死亡。所有病例随访1、3、5年生存率分别为72．2％、66．7％、54．5％。回顾分析结果表明，乳腺癌患者术中应采取措施预防癌残留及种植，术后易复发的高危人群应行规范化的治疗，同时应实施胸壁放疗，可望提高生存期。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合静脉注射三氧化二砷治疗原发性肝癌近期疗效观察

目的观察肝动脉化疗栓塞联合全身静脉注射三氧化二砷（AS2O3）治疗原发性肝癌的近期疗效。方法对32例中晚期原发性肝癌患者采用常规化疗药物经皮肝动脉栓塞治疗，每4周重复，同时给予三氧化二砷注射液10-15mg静脉滴注，每日1次，连用14天，每4周重复为1个疗程，2-3个疗程后观察疗效。结果近期疗效，均按要求完成2-3个疗程，随访1年以上，PR13例，NC14例，PD5例，总有效率40.6%，临床获益率为84.4%。生活质量，改善18例（56.3%），稳定11例（34.4%）。不良反应轻。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合静注三氧化二砷治疗中晚期原发性肝癌近期疗效较好，毒副作用小。     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌适形放疗加吉西他滨和顺铂同步化疗36例临床疗效观察

目的观察三维适形放疗联合吉西他滨和顺铂同步化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效及副反应。方法36例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者（Ⅲa期22例，Ⅲb期14例），接受DT60-70Gy放疗，放疗中给予吉西他滨600mg/m^2和顺铂20mg/m^2，每周1次，共4-6周，放化疗在同一天开始进行。结果32例患者完成了60-72Gy放疗，2例放疗总量56Gy，2例放疗总量58Gy。34例完成了4-6周化疗，2例完成了2周化疗。肺原发灶CR为11.1%（4/36），PR为72.2%（26/36），有效率为83.3%（30/36），和NC和PD分别为11.1%（4/36）和5.6%（2/36），放射性肺炎发生率为25.0%（9/36），放射性食管炎发生率为36.1%（13/36），白细胞下降发生率为88.9%（32/36），36例患者的中位随访期为18.4个月，1、2年生存率分别为77.8%（28/36）、55.6%（20/36）。结论三维适形放疗联合吉西他滨和顺铂同步治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效较好，副反应能为大多数患者耐受，但远期疗效有待进一步随访。     

伊立替康肝动脉化疗栓塞联合5-Fu/CF静脉化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床观察

目的评价伊立替康介入栓塞联合5-Fu/CF静脉化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效和毒性。方法结直肠癌肝转移患者行TACE术,伊立替康（CPT-11）加超液化碘油化疗栓塞,介入完成后即行5-Fu/CF静脉化疗,每3周重复。结果全组26例患者共接受了98个周期化疗,平均4个周期（3~6周期）。CR 2例（7.69%）,PR 8例（30.77%）,SD13例（50%）,PD 3例（11.54%）;临床获益率88.46%（23/26）;中位疾病进展时间7.3月;中位生存期14.2月。最常见的毒副反应是中性粒细胞减少,消化道反应,多为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论伊立替康肝动脉化疗栓塞联合CF/5-Fu静脉化疗治疗结直肠癌肝转移疗效肯定,毒性反应可以耐受。     

Superior efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy in cT3-4aN0M0 compared to cT2N0M0 bladder cancer

In this study, we compared complete pathological downstaging (pCD, ≤(y)pT1N0) and overall survival (OS) in patients with cT2 versus cT3–4aN0M0 UC of the bladder undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) with or without neoadjuvant chemo- (NAC) or radiotherapy (NAR). A population-based sample of 5,517 patients, who underwent upfront RC versus NAC + RC or NAR + RC for cT2-4aN0M0 UC between 1995–2013, was identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Data were retrieved from individual patient files and pathology reports. pCD-rates were compared using Chi-square tests and OS was estimated by Kaplan–Meier analyses. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine odds (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) for pCD-status and OS, respectively. We included 4,504 (82%) patients with cT2 and 1,013 (18%) with cT3–4a UC. Median follow-up was 9.2 years. In cT2 UC, pCD-rate was 25% after upfront RC versus 43% (p < 0.001) and 33% (p = 0.130) after NAC + RC and NAR + RC, respectively. In cT3–4a UC, pCD-rate was 8% after upfront RC versus 37% (p < 0.001) and 16% (p = 0.281) after NAC + RC and NAR + RC, respectively. In cT2 UC, 5-year OS was 57% and 51% for NAC + RC and upfront RC, respectively (p = 0.135), whereas in cT3–4a UC, 5-year OS was 55% for NAC + RC versus 36% for upfront RC (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis for OS, NAC was beneficial in cT3–4a UC (HR: 0.67, 95%CI 0.51–0.89) but not in cT2 UC (HR: 0.91, 95%CI 0.72–1.15). NAR did not influence OS. In conclusion, NAC + RC was associated with superior pCD compared to RC alone and NAR + RC. Superior OS for NAC + RC compared to RC alone was especially evident in cT3–4a disease.     

Pre-chemotherapy 18F-FDG PET/CT upstages nodal stage in stage II–III breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

In breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) the number of tumor-positive nodes can no longer reliably be determined. Furthermore, ultrasound (US) seems suboptimal for the detection of N3-disease. Therefore we assessed the proportion of breast cancer patients treated with NAC in which pre-chemotherapy 18F-FDG PET/CT detected ≥4 axillary nodes or occult N3-disease, upstaging nodal status and changing risk estimation for locoregional recurrence (LRR). Conventional regional staging consisted of US with fine needle aspiration and/or sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patients were classified as low-risk (cT2N0), intermediate-risk (cT0N1, cT1N1, cT2N1, cT3N0), or high-risk (cT3N1, cT4, cN2–3) for LRR. The presence and number of FDG-avid nodes were evaluated and the proportion of patients that would be upstaged by PET/CT, based on detection of ≥4 FDG-avid axillary nodes defined as cN2(4+) or occult N3-disease, was calculated. In total, 87 of 278 patients were considered high-risk based on conventional staging. PET/CT detected occult N3-disease in 5 (11 %) of 47 low-risk patients. In 144 intermediate-risk patients, PET/CT detected ≥4 FDG-avid nodes in 24 (17 %) patients and occult N3-disease in 22 (15 %) patients, thereby finally upstaging 38 (26 %) of intermediate-risk patients. Of 43 (23 %) upstaged patients, 18 were ypN0, 12 were ypN1, and 13 were ypN2–3. Pre-chemotherapy PET/CT is valuable for selection of breast cancer patients at high risk for LRR. In our population, 23 % of patients treated with NAC were upstaged to the high-risk group based on PET/CT information, potentially benefiting from regional radiotherapy.     

Intrathoracic latissimus dorsi muscle transposition: a reliable technique for prevention of bronchopleural fistula developing after extrapleural pneumonectomy and external beam radiotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma

Objective

Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a life threatening complication after pneumonectomy. Extra thoracic skeletal muscle transposition especially latissimus dorsi muscle flap (LDMF) had been used to prevent this complication. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of LDMF in preventing BPF developing after extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and external radiation therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).

Methods

Between May 1999 and Dec. 2008, 37 patients with MPM were operated upon by EPP using LDMF prophylactically to reinforce the bronchial stump, and then received external radiation therapy with or without postoperative chemotherapy.

Results

The mean age of all patients was 46.7 (range 26–57) years. Twenty five patients were males and 12 patients were females. Twenty three patients had MPM of the right side and 14 patients had MPM of the left side. The peri-operative mortality was 2.7% and only few flap related postoperative morbidity were reported in the form of minor seroma and subcutaneous surgical emphysema. The median follow up was 17 (range 9–43) months. All cases completed their postoperative external radiation therapy with no reported cases of early or late BPF.

Conclusion

Intrathoracic pedicled LDMF transposition is proved to be effective in prevention of BPF developing after EPP and external radiation therapy in MPM and it is advised to be a routine step in EPP in these cases and to use more sophisticated technique of postoperative external beam radiotherapy (3D conformal or IMRT) to minimize this complication.     

Surgical management of lung cancer invading the aorta or the superior vena cava

OBJECTIVE: Invasion of mediastinal structures (T4) is considered as an absolute contraindication to surgical management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors studied the role of surgical treatment in case of direct aortic and superior venous caval involvement. PATIENTS: From 1995 to 2000, 13 patients with left lung NSCLC invading descending aorta and 9 patients with right upper lobe NSCLC and superior vena cava (SVC) invasion were subjected to thoracotomy for lung resection. Surgery was indicated in case of absence of intraluminal extension. All patients were cN2 negative. The pathology results and 5-year survival were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: In three cases (23%) the tumor was adhered to the parietal pleura overlying descending aorta, which was resected en block with tumor-associated lung parenchyma. Aortic adventitia invasion by tumor led to local resection of adventitia (<1cm(2)) in nine patients (69%). Invasion deeper than adventitia was encountered in one case (8%), which was managed with aortic partial occlusion, resection of aortic wall and repair of the defect with Gore graft patch. In three patients (33%) the SVC wall was involved by the tumor 1-3cm in length and 2-4mm of the circumference. The defect was repaired with direct suturing. In five patients (56%) the area of SVC wall that was invaded was 3cmx2cm. The defect was repaired with Dacron patch. In 1 patient (11%) an arterial 14 graft was end-to-end interposed. All resections were radical (R0). Neither associated postoperative complications nor operative mortality was recorded. Five-year survival was 30.7% for the cases with aortic invasion and 11% for the ones with SVC involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Radical surgical resection of lung tumors with localized aortic invasion can be considered after exclusion of N2 involvement.     

PSA正常的前列腺癌患者临床特点分析北大核心

目的:根据PSA低于4 ng/mL的前列腺患者的临床资料及随访情况,探讨此类前列腺癌患者的临床特点,对PSA正常的前列腺癌患者的诊断及治疗提供临床思路。方法:收集2013年01月至2018年01月西京医院及西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的35例PSA正常的前列腺癌患者的临床资料。观察此类患者的发病情况、临床就诊特征、病理学特征、危险程度分级、Gleason评分、治疗及预后。总结PSA正常的前列腺癌患者的临床诊断及治疗特征。结果:PSA正常的前列腺癌患者占同期确诊前列腺癌的5.72%。35例患者中,28例主要因为排尿困难为症状就诊,血清PSA 0.91~3.96 ng/mL,平均(2.73±0.77)ng/mL。f/tPSA>0.16为5例,占14.3%,前列腺体积平均值为(68.4±36.66)cm^(3),12例患者行磁共振检查,10例报告提示前列腺癌可能,2例报告为前列腺增生,未发现前列腺癌影像学证据。13例患者行B超引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术,11例患者病理诊断为前列腺癌,2例患者未发现肿瘤证据。行经尿道前列腺电切术共24例,其中包括2例穿刺活检未发现肿瘤证据患者,并于术后12周行前列腺癌根治性手术。病理结果显示:29例为前列腺腺癌,2例为肉瘤,2例为小细胞癌,1例为鳞癌,1例为黏液腺癌。切缘阳性10例(28.6%),侵犯精囊9例(25.71%),淋巴结阳性13例(37.14%)。TNM分期:T期6例,T期10例,T期7例,T期12例。危险度分级:低危患者5例(14.28%),中危9例(25.71%),高危21例(60%)。Gleason评分7分以下为6例(20.69%),7分为9例(31.03%),7分以上为14例(48.28%)。随访时间13~72月,术后密切监测PSA水平,术后生化复发共13例(37.14%),21例患者死亡,16例为前列腺特异性死亡。术后1、2、3年的生存率分别为:97.14%,88.57%,77.14%。结论:PSA正常的前列腺癌因无明显的临床就诊特征,精囊侵犯检出率高、Gleason评分及危险程度均偏高,3年生存率仅为77.14%。对于此类患者,不应以惯性思维认为PSA水平低,临床风险小,应更积极的完善检查,调整治疗策略,给此类患者带来更多的生存获益。     

下腹壁肿瘤切除后大面积皮肤缺损患者腹壁整形修复后效果观察

目的观察下腹壁肿瘤切除后大面积皮肤缺损患者腹壁整形修复后效果。方法选择下腹壁肿瘤切除后大面积皮肤缺损患者34例,根据腹壁缺损情况进行整形修复,腹壁缺损Ⅰ型患者10例直接以腹壁整形术缝合切口,Ⅱ型患者14例采用自体组织或植入材料完成腹壁缺损修复,Ⅲ型患者10例采用带蒂股前外侧皮瓣完成腹壁缺损修复。观察患者手术结局及局部复发情况,修复区温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)评分,生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评分。结果所有患者均手术成功,术后住院时间7~25 d,平均(11.9±3.4)d,完成随访12个月,随访期间均未出现局部复发及淋巴结转移,皮瓣存活良好,修复效果良好。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型患者术后3、6、12个月VSS评分均逐渐降低,以Ⅰ型患者VSS评分更低,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。修复前患者的GQOLI-74评分较低,修复后12个月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型患者的GQOLI-74评分均显著增高(P<0.05),但不同分型患者间GQOLI-74评分升高幅度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论下腹壁肿瘤切除后大面积皮肤缺损患者腹壁整形修复效果满意,腹壁整形修复技术组织利用率高、损伤小、皮瓣血供可靠,根据患者腹壁缺损情况选择适宜的整形修复方法,能够获得良好的形态和功能,提升患者生活质量。     

透明细胞型脑膜瘤临床病理分析

目的:探讨透明细胞型脑膜瘤的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法:回顾性分析6例透明细胞型脑膜瘤患者临床及影像学资料、组织学形态及免疫组化结果,并进行随访。结果:患者6例,男性2例,女性4例,手术时年龄14～39岁（平均年龄:26岁）。发生部位分别为桥小脑角区5例（左侧1例,右侧4例,其中1例为多发,包括右侧桥小脑角区及双额叶间大脑镰旁）,骶尾部1例。临床症状与肿瘤部位相关。肿瘤最大直径约3.3~17.2 cm。手术方式分别是3例完全切除,2例次全切除,1例为穿刺活检。病理学检查示瘤细胞呈片状排列,中间交织着透明变性的块状胶原,细胞呈多边形,胞质透明,胞核居中。免疫组化显示EMA（6/6）、PR（5/6）、Vimentin（6/6）阳性,GFAP、S-100蛋白、CK均为阴性,特殊染色显示PAS(+),D-PAS（-）。Ki67标记指数2%~10%。3例获得随访资料,随访时间6~25个月,1例（例2）完全切除术后死亡,1例（例3）次全切除术后进行放射治疗,现带病生存,1例（例6）完全切除术后无病生存。结论:透明细胞型脑膜瘤是一种罕见的脑膜瘤类型,诊断时依靠形态学结合免疫组化染色,需与胞浆透亮的脑肿瘤鉴别。该类型肿瘤好发于年轻人,复发率高,建议进行影像学监测。     

Breast conserving therapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy; data from the Dutch Breast Cancer Audit

IntroductionNAC has led to an increase in breast conserving surgery (BCS) worldwide. This study aims to analyse trends in the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and the impact on surgical outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed all records of cT1-4N0-3M0 breast cancer patients diagnosed between July 2011 and June 2016 who have been registered in the Dutch National Breast Cancer Audit (NBCA) (N = 57.177). The surgical outcomes of 'BCS after NAC′ were compared with 'primary BCS′, using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2016, the use of NAC increased from 9% to 18% and 'BCS after NAC' (N = 4170) increased from 43% to 57%. We observed an involved invasive margin rate (IMR) of 6,7% and a re-excision rate of 6,6%. As compared to 'primary BCS′, the IMR of 'BCS after NAC′ is higher for cT1 (12,3% versus 8,3%; p < 0.005), equal for cT2 (14% versus 14%; p = 0.046) and lower for cT3 breast cancer (28,3% versus 31%; p < 0.005). Prognostic factors associated with IMR for both 'primary BCS′ as for 'BCS after NAC′ are: lobular invasive breast cancer and a hormone receptor positive receptor status (all p < 0,005).ConclusionThe use of NAC and the incidence of 'BCS after NAC′ increased exponentially in time for all stages of invasive breast cancer in the Netherlands. This nationwide data confirms that 'BCS after NAC′ compared to 'primary BCS′ leads to equal surgical outcomes for cT2 and improved surgical outcomes for cT3 breast cancer. These promising results encourage current developments towards de-escalation of surgical treatment.     

磷酸盐尿性间叶肿瘤误诊分析(附7例)

目的:分析磷酸盐尿性间叶肿瘤(PMT)误诊原因,明确影像学检查路径。方法:回顾性分析我院2017年7月至2022年3月经病理证实PMT患者临床、影像、病理资料。结合文献复习,总结误诊原因,提出影像学检查路径。结果:7例患者3例男性,4例女性,平均年龄为(50.29±15.66)岁(范围17～69岁)。患者表现为不同程度乏力、骨痛等,均伴随骨折,病程平均(5.00±3.25)年(范围1～12年)。患者术前血磷均减低,术后血磷均升高,6例患者血磷在术后7～15天恢复正常,1例失访。6例患者术前碱性磷酸酶升高,1例正常。肿瘤最大径(2.01±1.32)cm(范围0.8～2.5 cm),2例位于软组织,5例位于骨组织。6例行X线检查,显示全身或局部骨质不同程度骨软化和伴随骨折,3例病灶无法显示。6例CT检查中5例骨组织病灶显示为高密度,1例为软组织密度结节。6例MRI平扫T1WI为低、等信号为主,偶尔见高信号,T2WI混杂高信号,内部或边缘可见低信号区。4例MRI增强检查显示病灶中度至明显强化,强化不均匀。结论:PMT影像表现缺乏特异性,容易被误诊。骨质软化、骨痛、骨折以及低血磷、高碱性磷酸酶...     

DCE-MRI联合血清CEA、CA125水平检测评估进展期乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效

目的:探究磁共振动态增强扫描成像（DCE-MRI）联合血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原125（CA125）评估进展期乳腺癌（ABC）新辅助化疗（NAC）疗效的价值。方法:选取2016年2月至2019年12月本院收治的73例ABC患者进行研究,分别行4周期NAC,化疗前后均进行DCE-MRI检查,并计算容量转移常数（Ktrans）、速率常数（Kep）及血管外细胞外间隙容积比（Ve）。按照ABC患者NAC后病理疗效检查结果,将患者分为缓解组和未缓解组。以化学发光微粒子免疫分析法检测两组患者CEA、CA125水平,以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估血清CEA、CA125对ABC患者NAC疗效的价值。以病理疗效检查结果为金标准,以DCE-MRI、血清CEA、CA125及三者联合评价ABC患者NAC的价值。结果:病理学评价NAC疗效:病理缓解共59例,占80.82%;未缓解共14例,占19.18%。DCE-MRI评估NAC疗效的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为89.83%、92.86%、90.41%。两组患者化疗前Ktrans、Kep、Ve比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,化疗后病理学缓解组Ktrans、Kep较病理学未缓解组低（P＜0.05）。病理学未缓解组CEA、CA125水平明显高于病理学缓解组（P＜0.05）,二者诊断NAC疗效的截断值分别为5.49 μg/L、25.82 U/mL,灵敏度分别为79.66%、83.05%,特异度分别为78.57%、78.57%,准确度分别为79.46%、82.19%;DCE-MRI联合血清CEA、CA125诊断NAC疗效的灵敏度、准确度分别为98.31%、95.89%,高于单独检测。结论:DCE-MRI联合血清CEA、CA125对NAC疗效具有较高诊断效能,可一定程度提高灵敏度、准确度,具有较高特异度。