结构异常耳的人工耳蜗植入术

人工耳蜗植入 (ＣＩ)是极重度聋和全聋患者听力语言康复的最有效方法。然而 ,异常的耳结构常使人工耳蜗植入手术不能按常规进行。对这类耳结构异常的患者 ,人工耳蜗仍可使其受益。术前影像学检查可检出耳结构的异常情况 ,有助于预测术中可能遇到的情况 ,便于制定手术方案。针对各种耳结构的异常 ,产生了相应的人工耳蜗植入手术方法 ,主要目的是使尽量多的电极接触尽量多的听神经纤维 ,从而提高术后听力语言的康复效果[1,2 ] 。1　耳结构异常的类型Ｗｏｏｌｆｏｒｄ等[3 ] 对 10 5例人工耳蜗植入候选人作颞骨ＣＴ检查 ,30 %具有异常的耳蜗 ,…     

儿童人工耳蜗植入术后神经反应遥测阈值的变化

目的:通过对儿童患者术后神经反应遥测 (NRT) 阈值的分析,总结其变化规律,为儿童人工耳蜗植入术后调试提供帮助.方法:测试40例接受Nucleus CI24R 型多导人工耳蜗单侧植入术的患儿.测试使用澳大利亚Cochlear公司提供的便携式调试系统及NRT3.1版本软件.采用削减算法提取NRT反应波形,分别测试每位患者的第1、5、10、15、20号电极,NRT阈值使用NRT软件计算.分别在开机时、开机3、6和12个月时进行测试.结果:在术后同一测试时间,位于耳蜗不同部位电极的NRT阈值存在差异.耳蜗底部和顶部电极的NRT阈值较低,而位于耳蜗中部的电极NRT阈值较高.经单因素方差分析,不同部位NRT阈值均差异有统计学意义.同一测试电极,随术后开机时间的增长,NRT阈值呈逐渐增加的趋势.经单因素方差分析,术后不同测试时间NRT阈值均差异有统计学意义.结论:术后开机1年内,NRT阈值呈逐渐增加的趋势.若人工耳蜗植入术后调试需要NRT进行辅助,每次均应测试NRT阈值,以便更准确估算患者的行为反应T、C级,尤其对植入术后1年内的儿童患者更为重要.     

儿童人工耳蜗植入术后神经反应遥测阈值与行为反应值的关系

目的：本文通过分析儿童人工耳蜗植入术后神经反应遥测（neural response telemetry,NRT)阈值与行为反应值(T－level,T级）及最大舒适有（C-level,C级）的关系，试图为小年龄，合并其它残疾或不能配合调试的儿童客观估算术后行为反应T、C级提供依据，方法：受试对象为使用Ncleus CI24M型多导人工耳蜗系统的54例儿童患者，测试软件为NRT2．04版本。硬件包括计算机、IF5（Interface5)卡、调试控制界面（processor control interface,PCI)及多导人工耳蜗系统。NRT阈值的测试采用单极刺激方式（monopolar stimulation mode)，分别测试每一例患者的第3、5、10、15、20号电极。T、C级测试均于NRT测试同日进行。结果：54例患者的254个电极的波形检出率为92．1％。所有电极的NRT阈值均大于T级，NRT阈值超过C级的电极占31．5％，NRT阈值的均值介于T级和C级的均值之间。NRT阈值与T级的相关系数为r=0.43(P=0.0000)，而NRT阈值和C级的相关系数为r=0.48(P=0.0000)，这些相关关系为中等强度但地具有显著性。结论：NRT阈值的测试为不能配合术后调试的儿童患者的行为反应T级和C级的估算提供客观的方法。NRT阈值，T级和C级的个体差异较大，尚不能单独根据NRT阈值对T级和C级进行准确的判断。NRT这一技术仍有待于改进。     

儿童人工耳蜗植入术后音乐能力发育研究

目的：探讨儿童人工耳蜗植入术后音乐能力的发展趋势,为人工耳蜗植入儿童音乐能力评估提供临床资料。方法：26例人工耳蜗植入儿童,手术年龄为11～68个月,平均35．6个月;以76例1～24月龄的听力正常婴幼儿作为对照组,平均月龄6．1个月。使用小龄人工耳蜗儿童音乐能力等级量表进行评估。人工耳蜗植入儿童评估分别在开机时,开机后1、3、6、9、12及24个月时进行;听力正常婴幼儿评估分别在1、3、6、9、12及24月龄时进行。结果：人工耳蜗植入儿童的音乐能力得分随人工耳蜗使用时间的延长而显著提高（P〈O．05）,听力正常婴幼儿的音乐能力得分亦随年龄的增长而显著提高（P〈O．05）。经两样本比较的秩和检验,人工耳蜗植入儿童与听力正常婴幼儿在听力年龄为1、3、6、9、12个月时音乐能力得分的差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）,在听力年龄为24个月时音乐能力得分的差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：人工耳蜗植入儿童开机后音乐能力随人工耳蜗使用时间的延长而显著提高,并在开机12个月内呈现快速增长趋势。     

大前庭水管人工耳蜗植入术6例

随着人工耳蜗植入手术经验的不断丰富和积累 ,对单纯大前庭水管畸形的极重度或全聋病人的人工耳蜗植入手术特性已有明确的认识 ,达到满意的手术效果[1]。笔者在开展人工耳蜗植入以来 ,共对 6例大前庭水管畸形的极重度以上听力障碍患儿进行了人工耳蜗植入 ,报道如下。1　材料与方法1.1　临床资料6例大前庭水管畸形患儿 ,男 3例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 2 .0～12岁 ,平均 7.6岁。 4例纯音测听检测语频听阈最高耳>12 0dBHL ,最低耳 80dBHL ,平均 93dBHL ,另 2例中 1例视觉强化测听为 90dB ,1例游戏测听结果为 95dB ,听觉脑干诱发电位 (ABR)检测 6…     

耳蜗性耳硬化症人工耳蜗植入的应用研究

分析耳蜗性耳硬化症患者的临床特点、人工耳蜗植入术中情况及人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语康复效果,为该疾病的诊治提供参考。方法分析4例耳蜗性耳硬化症患者病史资料、听力学检查结果及影像学结果,观察人工耳蜗植入手术的术中所见,并定期对4例患者进行听力学及影像学随访。结果①所有患者人工耳蜗电极均经圆窗膜径路完全植入鼓阶。其中1例于术中发现镫骨完全固定,导致术中鼓阶开孔时外淋巴波动不明显;1例发现圆窗膜骨化,术中鼓阶开孔定位困难;其余2例患者镫骨活动好,圆窗结构清晰。所有患者术中电极阻抗检测均正常,且引出标准的神经反应遥测波形;②术后随访1~5年无术后并发症出现,声场测听示平均听阈为40.8 dBHL,平均言语识别率为77.3%,言语及交流能力较术前提高;颞骨高分辨率CT提示双侧内耳病变范围无明显进展。结论耳蜗性耳硬化症进展缓慢,严重时可导致重度/极重度感音神经性聋,当使用助听器无效时,人工耳蜗植入能帮助患者获得较满意的听觉康复效果。     

内耳畸形小儿人工耳蜗植入术后神经反应遥测值的研究

目的　探讨小儿内耳畸形人工耳蜗植入手术后,植入体不同电极神经反应遥测（neural response telemetry,NRT）的变化特点及规律。方法　对36例澳大利 亚Cochlear Nucleus 24型内耳畸形小儿人工耳蜗植入手术患儿,测试手术中及手术后1年NRT值,并分析其特点及变化规律。结果　患儿术中及开机后1年内同一时间高、中、低频段电极NRT值有显著差异（P<0.05）,低频值较低,高频值较高,总的趋势是术中至术后1年NRT值逐渐增高。结论　内耳畸形小儿人工耳蜗植入手术后NRT值随时间逐渐增高,高、中、低频之间差异大,故调机时要注意各频率之间差异,选取高、中、低频代表性电极测试,以使患者语言感知达到最佳状态。     

先天性内耳发育畸形患儿的人工耳蜗植入术

为评估先天性内耳发育畸形患儿行人工耳蜗植入的手术及听力学效果 ,回顾分析 1994～ 2 0 0 2年315例人工耳蜗植入手术患儿病例资料。总结 2 8例经颞骨高分辨率CT证实为先天性内耳发育畸形的手术病例 ,分析其CT影像、术中所见、术后并发症、闭合式及开放式言语识别率测试等。结果 :表现为耳蜗底转发育不全 (IP)、前庭导水管扩大(EVA)、前庭扩大综合征的病例 (如Mondini畸形 )以及单独的前庭导水管扩大或部分半规管发育不全的病例 ,均可获得较好的言语识别率。完全性半规管发育不全、单独的耳蜗底转发育不全、耳蜗不发育或空泡状的病例则…     

复杂内耳畸形患儿人工耳蜗植入术后疗效分析

目的 探讨复杂内耳畸形患儿人工耳蜗植入术后的听觉言语发育效果.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年6月于西京医院行人工耳蜗植入术的17例复杂内耳畸形语前聋(内耳畸形组)患儿的临床资料,其中双侧植入1例,右侧植入8例,左侧植入8例,植入年龄1～10岁(平均3.49岁),男6例,女11例;IP-1畸形2例,IP-3畸...     

人工耳蜗植入术后X线投照位置的探讨

目的:确定耳蜗在颅骨的空间位置,设计最佳耳蜗X线摄片投照角度,用于评价电极位置。方法:测量26例耳蜗植入候选患儿术前CT和32例正常成人中内耳CT片上,耳蜗底周与正中矢状线的夹角;并根据测量的X线投射角度拍摄耳蜗位X线平片。结果:蜗轴中线与正中矢状线的角度为40°到68°,平均52.66°;其中儿童组的平均值为52.52°(s=7.07),成人组的平均值为52.80°(s=5.78),两者间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:按所测的X线投射角度拍摄的耳蜗平片,能清晰完整显示电极系列的整体和所有的单个电极,确定电极的插入深度和准确的位置,为频率的匹配定位、语言处理方案的优化提供帮助。     

Cochlear implantation in children with cochlear nerve deficiency

Objective

The aim of this study was to report on auditory performance after cochlear implantation in children with cochlear nerve deficiency.

Methods

A retrospective case review was performed. Five patients with pre-lingual profound sensorineural hearing loss implanted in an ear with cochlear nerve deficiency participated in the study. Postoperative auditory and speech performance was assessed using warble tone average threshold with cochlear implant, speech perception categories, and speech intelligibility ratings. All patients underwent high resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

According to Govaerts classification, three children had a type IIb and two a type IIa cochlear nerve deficiency. Preoperatively, four patients were placed into speech perception category 1 and one into category 2. All patients had an improvement in hearing threshold with the cochlear implant. Despite this, at the last follow-up (range 18–81 months, average 45 months), only one girl benefited from cochlear implantation; she moved from speech perception category 2 to 6 and developed spoken language. Another child developed closed set speech perception and had connected speech that was unintelligible. The other 3 children showed little benefit from the cochlear implant and obtained only an improved access to environmental sounds and improved lipreading skills. None of these 4 children developed a spoken language, but they were all full-time users of their implants.

Conclusions

The outcomes of cochlear implantation in these five children with cochlear nerve deficiency are extremely variable, ranging from sporadic cases in which open set speech perception and acquisition of a spoken language are achieved, to most cases in which only an improved access to environmental sound develops. Regardless of these limited outcomes, all patients in our series use their device on a daily basis and derive benefits in everyday life. In our opinion, cochlear implantation can be a viable option in children with cochlear nerve deficiency, but careful counseling to the family on possible restricted benefit is needed.     

听神经病及蜗神经发育不良儿童人工耳蜗植入的有效性

目的 通过问卷量表评估,探讨听神经病及蜗神经发育不良儿童的人工耳蜗植入效果.方法 实验组为2004年1月至2010年10月期间接受人工耳蜗植入的符合听神经病或蜗神经发育不良诊断标准、且术前至少佩戴3个月助听器并接受语言训练的患儿,共21例,其中听神经病9例,蜗神经发育不良12例.植入对照组为20例同期植入人工耳蜗的感音神经性聋患儿.所有人工耳蜗植入患儿均开机使用6个月以上.正常听力对照组为42例听力正常的儿童,按年龄分为正常听力A组(年龄在24个月以下)18例、正常听力B组(年龄24～ 48个月)16例和正常听力C组(年龄在48个月以上)8例.采用听觉行为分级(Categories of Auditory Performance,CAP)和言语可懂度分级(Speech Intelligibility Rating,SIR)两个量表进行评分,使用SPSS16.0软件对实验组得分与植入对照组和正常听力对照组进行比较.结果 听神经病组、蜗神经发育不良组、感音神经性聋组以及三组正常听力儿童的CAP得分(x±s,下同)分别为(4.44±1.50)分、(4.83±1.69)分、(4.55±1.66)分、(5.22±1.11)分、(6.75±0.45)分和(7.00±0.00)分,SIR得分分别为(2.66±1.11)分、(2.33±1.15)分,(2.40±0.75)分,(2.56±1.04)分、(4.12±0.81)分和(5.00±0.00)分.CAP和SIR得分在六组受试者间差异均具有统计学意义(x2=35.481,P＜0.001;x2 =40.549,P＜0.001);组内两两比较,听神经病组/蜗神经发育不良组与感音神经性聋组及正常听力A组得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),而与正常听力B组及C组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).结论 听神经病和蜗神经发育不良儿童接受人工耳蜗植入后,同感音神经性聋患儿一样,能够获得听觉及言语能力的进步,但落后于听力正常的同龄儿童.人工耳蜗提高此类患儿听觉及言语能力的远期效果还有待进一步随访和评估.     

人工耳蜗植入术前听神经完整性的评估

目的 探讨、评估人工耳蜗植入候选者术前听神经完整性的检查方法;在对侧耳人工耳蜗植入术前,客观检查耳蜗发育及病变状态的检查方法。方法 对12例人工耳蜗植入候选者进行检查,根据本小组建立的人工耳蜗植入术前耳蜗影像学检查方法、术前听神经完整性检查方法及评估标准、以及术后植入电极位置的早期检查方法,结合11例人工耳蜗植入术后听觉康复疗效进行分析。结果 11例患儿满足本小组制定的人工耳蜗植入遴选标准而接受了多导人工耳蜗植入,包括1例对侧耳(第2耳)人工耳蜗植入。一例患儿因评估结果为听神经发育障碍,未作人工耳蜗植入。所有人工耳蜗植入患儿术后听觉能力皆明显改善。结论 MRI头轴位及听神经轴位和颞骨CT薄层扫描、膜迷路表层实时三维重建及膜迷路实时重建等影像学方法,结合听力学及外耳道电刺激测听反应阈与不适阈差值的电生理方法来评估听神经的完整性,对术前预测人工耳蜗植入后患儿听觉康复的可能疗效,有非常重要的意义。术后早期反斯氏位X线摄片观察蜗内植入电极部位及植入电极形态,可作为人工耳蜗电极植入成功性直观、简捷的评估方法。     

Usefulness of radiological findings for predicting cochlear implantation outcomes in children with cochlear nerve deficiency: a pilot study

Conclusion: Children with CND received limited benefits from CIs and their results varied. The size of the vestibulocochlear nerve relative to the facial nerve could potentially be used as a predicator for CI outcomes in children with CND.

Objective: This study aimed to (1) retrospectively review the outcomes of cochlear implants (CIs) in children with cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) and (2) evaluate the clinical usefulness of radiological findings as predictors for post-implantation outcomes.

Methods: Study participants included 10 children with bilateral CND and profound sensorineural hearing loss. The preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and temporal bone computed tomography scans were evaluated. Auditory processing capability and speech perception performance were measured with Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) scales. Aided hearing thresholds with CI were measured. The relationships between CI outcomes and the sizes of vestibulocochlear nerve and cochlear nerve canal (CNC) were analysed.

Results: Although post-operative CAP scores and hearing thresholds significantly improved in children with CND, their results were worse than those measured in implanted children with normal cochlear nerve. No significant correlation was found between the CI outcomes and the vestibulocochlear nerve diameters or the CNC diameters in children with CND. However, children with larger vestibulocochlear-nerve-to-facial-nerve-ratios got better results.     

人工耳蜗植入后对侧耳是否联合使用助听器声调识别的对比研究

目的 探讨人工耳蜗植入后对侧耳联合使用助听器对声调识别的影响;同时探讨人工耳蜗开机时间、康复训练时间、听障儿童的学习能力等因素对声调识别的影响。 方法 选择3~7岁的人工耳蜗植入儿童27例,采用《言语听觉反应评估》(EARS)中的“封闭式声调测试”作为测试材料,分别单独使用人工耳蜗(CI)和在人工耳蜗对侧耳联合使用助听器(CIHA)在安静和噪声两种环境下进行声调识别的测试,使用SPSS 17.0对测试结果进行统计学分析。 结果 无论在安静环境还是噪声环境下,CIHA的声调测试成绩均优于CI,此优势在噪声环境下更明显;人工耳蜗开机时间、康复训练时间较长者声调测试成绩均优于较短者;听障儿童的希-内学习能力测试结果学习能力DIQ≥100与DIQ<100者声调测试成绩差异无统计学意义。 结论 建议听障儿童人工耳蜗植入后对侧耳联合使用助听器,但助听器需要优化和调整。     

Preservation of the great auricular nerve during parotidectomy

The great auricular nerve is routinely divided during the operation of parotidectomy, however some surgeons have suggested that preserving the posterior branches reduces the area of post-operative anaesthesia. A prospective study was performed comparing the area of anaesthesia and hypoaesthesia in patients undergoing parotidectomy. In 20 patients the great auricular nerve was preserved and in 11 it was sacrificed. Mapping of the area of sensory loss at 2 weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months showed that there was no difference between the two groups. The area of sensory loss decreased in an exponential fashion in both groups. The majority of the change occurred within 6 months. We conclude that preservation of the posterior branches of the great auricular nerve is unnecessary.     

人工耳蜗手术前后使用小儿主观测听法的意义

目的探讨主观听力学测试方法在低龄儿童人工耳蜗植入手术前后的作用。方法和结果103名5岁以下拟接受人工耳蜗植入低龄儿童,术前均完成非助听和助听主观听力测试。31名游戏测听(playaudiometry,PA)法、62名视觉强化测听(visualreinforcementaudiometry,VRA)法、10名行为观察测听(behavioralobservationaudiometry,BOA) VRA法获得左右侧单耳/或双耳裸耳听阈;30名PA法、63名VRA法、10名BOA VRA法分别在声场中获得每侧耳的助听听阈,并结合其他客观测试结果评估了听通路的功能。术后开机调试后103名患儿均有听觉反应并获得T、C值,其中48名由VRA、PA测试方法得到;27名经BOA法得到;28名经神经反应遥测(neuralresponsetelemetry,NRT)结合BOA法获得,患儿的听觉能力有明显改善。结论主观听力测试方法在人工耳蜗植入术前对评估听通路完整性非常重要,对预测低龄患儿术后听觉康复可能的疗效有重要意义。