婴幼儿脑损伤神经发育治疗效果分析

目的探讨运用神经发育疗法为中心的综合治疗方法对婴幼儿脑损伤进行早期治疗的效果.方法对446例脑损伤患儿早期进行以神经发育治疗为中心的综合康复治疗,并指导家长进行家庭康复训练,并进行临床评估、M法评估、GMFM评估.结果治疗总有效率93.05%、显效67.71%、好转25.34%、无效6.95%,治疗与开始治疗年龄有关,治疗越早,效果越好.结论早期诊断、早期治疗脑损伤可提高疗效,重视与开展高危儿保健与监测是降低儿童残障的重要途径.     

婴幼儿脑损伤神经发育治疗效果分析

目的:探讨运用神经发育疗法为中心的综合治疗方法对婴幼儿脑损伤进行早期治疗的效果。方法:对446例脑损伤患儿早期进行以神经发育治疗为中心的综合康复治疗,并指导家长进行家庭康复训练.并进行临床评估、M法评估、GMFM评估。结果:治疗总有效率93.05％、显效67.71％、好转25.34％、无效6.95％,治疗与开始治疗年龄有关,治疗越早,效果越好。结论:早期诊断、早期治疗脑损伤可提高疗效,重视与开展高危儿保健与监测是降低儿童残障的重要途径。     

新生儿行为神经测定对高危儿预后评估的价值

围生期高危儿常因脑损伤而遗留各种后遗症。对其远期预后进行预测，是抢救治疗及早期干预的重要参考依据。新生儿行为神经评分(neonatal behavioral neurological assessment．NBNA)可全面评价新生儿的行为能力，早期发现新生儿的脑功能异常及预测预后。本研究采用NBNA对高危儿从新生儿期开始干预，用婴幼儿智能发育量表(CDCC)评估其发育商，旨在研究NBNA对高危儿预后的预测意义。     

婴幼儿脑损伤诊疗中应关注的问题

婴幼儿脑损伤可对大脑功能产生持续性影响。不同病因可导致大脑不同部位的病理生理改变,应特别关注婴幼儿髓鞘化延迟及脑白质病变对神经心理和运动发育的影响;婴幼儿脑损伤临床表现具有一定的年龄特征性,而癫痫发作常会加重脑损伤,应注意早期识别;婴幼儿脑损伤的治疗及干预应强调早期、综合性的原则。     

足月新生儿获得性脑损伤早期相关血清学指标变化与脑电图监测的临床意义

目的研究足月新生儿获得性脑损伤早期相关血清指标探查与脑电图监测及其预后。方法选取2015年10月-2017年1月在该院接受诊治的获得性脑损伤足月新生儿50例(研究组),另选取同期出生的无脑损伤足月新生儿50例(对照组)。两组新生儿均在出生后2~3 d应用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、神经细丝酸性蛋白(GFAP)及肌酸激酶脑型同工酶(CK-BB)表达水平,于出生后3~5 d行动态脑电图监测,并在出生后3个月、12个月时进行随访,行脑电图复查。结果研究组患儿血清MBP、GFAP、CK-BB表达水平均高于对照组(P0.05);研究组患儿最长背景抑制时间高于对照组(t=13.285,P0.05);研究组3例出现持续低电压表现,3例背景波率慢,5例最长背景抑制时间20 s;随访显示研究组患儿中9例神经行为发育评估显著低于正常新生儿,对照组中1例神经行为发育评估显著低于正常新生儿,Bayley婴幼儿发育量表中心理运动发育指数(PDI)及智力指数(MDI)均70。结论足月新生儿获得性脑损伤早期相关血清指标水平明显高于正常新生儿,可能与新生儿早期脑损伤程度、预后等因素有关,脑电图监测可以作为临床评估新生儿早期脑损伤的指标。     

全身运动质量评估对足月脑损伤儿脑瘫发育结局的预测价值

目的 研究全身运动(general movements, GMs)质量评估技术在足月脑损伤儿脑瘫发育结局中的预测价值。方法 回顾性纳入在复旦大学附属儿科医院康复科就诊的足月脑损伤儿55例, 所有研究对象均进行GMs评估并至少有一次不安运动阶段的评估, 随访至1周岁后根据临床神经学表现及Peabody运动发育量表(PDMS-2)明确其运动发育结局, 分析GMs评估对脑性瘫痪发育结局的预测敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果 纳入研究的55例足月脑损伤儿的GMs评估中, 20例为不安运动缺乏, 35例为不安运动存在。随访结局:1周岁后19例临床诊断为脑性瘫痪, 36例临床诊断为非脑性瘫痪。GMs评估(不安运动阶段)对足月脑损伤儿是否发展成为脑性瘫痪的预测效度为:敏感性89%、特异性92%、阳性预测值85%、阴性预测值94%。结论 GMs评估对于足月脑损伤儿的远期运动发育结局(是否发育为脑性瘫痪)具有良好的预测价值, 作为一种非侵入性、非干扰性的新型神经运动评估工具, GMs评估适合在足月脑损伤儿随访工作中推广应用。     

婴幼儿早期神经发育评估诊断量表的综述

婴幼儿早期发育是儿童生命发展的关键时期,而早产儿和高危儿是发生神经发育障碍的高危群体,因此早发现、早干预对改善婴幼儿神经发育结局有着十分重要的意义。本文对国内外常用的婴幼儿神经发育评估诊断量表进行综述,包括Bayley婴幼儿发展量表、Gesell发育量表、Griffiths精神发育量表、中国儿童发育量表的发展史、应用现状及优缺点等,为儿科医生的临床评估提供参考依据。     

252例脑损伤综合征患儿早期干预的临床研究

目的评价早期干预对婴幼儿脑损伤综合征的临床价值。方法据鲍秀兰提出的“0~2岁早期干预大纲”,将252例脑损伤综合征患儿按照不同年龄分为<6个月和>7个月~2岁两组,制定相同的早期干预方案。早期干预采用中西结合综合治疗,以Bobath治疗法、Vojta诱导方法等为主。结果婴幼儿脑损伤综合征的开始康复治疗年龄与近期临床疗效的关系有显著性(χ2=17.7,P<0.01)。结论早期干预对<6个月婴幼儿脑损伤综合征患儿的近期临床疗效统计学有高度显著性。     

极早和超早产儿神经发育结局

极早产(VPT)和超早产(EPT)儿发生脑损伤及神经发育损害的风险高。随着新生儿重症救治水平的提高,VPT和EPT早产儿存活率明显提高,如何降低神经发育损害的发生率以改善远期预后,是目前全球关注的重要问题。了解VPT和EPT早产儿神经发育预后,对指导临床救治及早期干预,改善患儿远期预后具有重要意义。     

浅谈新生儿脑损伤的早期诊断治疗和干预

目的 研究分析新生儿脑损伤的早期诊断治疗方法、临床干预措施和效果.方法 回顾性分析2011年2月--2012年11月期间,我院收治的76例脑损伤新生儿患者的临床资料,对所有患儿采用高危家庭监测、筛查和早期诊治、康复治疗,采用M法评估患儿的临床疗效.结果 经高危儿监测发现早期发现对于患儿的早期诊断和治疗具有重要的意义,早产、高胆红素血症、孕期先兆流产、窒息等是导致新生儿脑损伤的主要因素.临床治疗措施主要为神经发育疗法,疗效明显,且治疗时间越早,疗效越显著.结论 加强对新生儿的高危儿监测可以尽早发现脑损伤病理,为患儿的早期诊断和治疗提供有利时机,对脑损伤患儿采用精神发育疗法治疗的效果良好,值得临床推广.     

Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Micronutrients are fundamental for healthy brain development and deficiencies during early development can have a severe and lasting impact on cognitive outcomes. Evidence indicates that undernourished lactating individuals may produce breast milk containing lower concentrations of certain vitamins and minerals. Exclusively breastfed infants born to mothers deficient in micronutrients may therefore be at risk of micronutrient deficiencies, with potential implications for neurodevelopment. This systematic review aims to consider current knowledge on the effects of breast milk micronutrients on the developmental outcomes of infants. The databases Medline, Global Health, PsychInfo, Open Grey, and the Web of Science were searched for papers published before February 2021. Studies were included if they measured micronutrients in breast milk and their association with the neurodevelopmental outcomes of exclusively breastfed infants. Also, randomised control trials investigating neurocognitive outcomes following maternal supplementation during lactation were sought. From 5477 initial results, three observational studies were eligible for inclusion. These investigated associations between breast milk levels of vitamin B6, carotenoids, or selenium and infant development. Results presented suggest that pyroxidal, β-carotene, and lycopene are associated with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. Limited eligible literature and heterogeneity between included papers prevented quantitative synthesis. Insufficient evidence was identified, precluding any conclusions on the relationship between breast milk micronutrients and infant developmental outcomes. Further, the evidence available was limited by a high risk of bias. This highlights the need for further research in this area to understand the long-term influence of micronutrients in breast milk, the role of other breast milk micronutrients in infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, and the impact of possible lactational interventions.     

Early Enteral Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review of the Nutritional,Metabolic, and Developmental Benefits

Enteral feeding is the preferred method of nutrient provision for preterm infants. Though parenteral nutrition remains an alternative to provide critical nutrition after preterm delivery, the literature suggests that enteral feeding still confers significant nutritional and non-nutritional benefits. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to summarize health and clinical benefits of early enteral feeding within the first month of life in preterm infants. Likewise, this review also proposes methods to improve enteral delivery in clinical care, including a proposal for decision-making of initiation and advancement of enteral feeding. An extensive literature review assessed enteral studies in preterm infants with subsequent outcomes. The findings support the early initiation and advancement of enteral feeding impact preterm infant health by enhancing micronutrient delivery, promoting intestinal development and maturation, stimulating microbiome development, reducing inflammation, and enhancing brain growth and neurodevelopment. Clinicians must consider these short- and long-term implications when caring for preterm infants.     

早期干预对早产儿气质特征的影响研究

【目的】 对无脑损伤的早产儿按照不同的气质类型进行早期干预,探讨其效果,以促进儿童身心健康发展。 【方法】 选择无异常分娩史、头颅检查除外脑损伤的早产儿49例(早产儿组),设正常足月儿48例为对照组。应用小婴儿气质问卷和幼儿气质评估表对早产儿组和对照组进行气质测评。早产儿组儿童进行早期教育和气质干预,干预1年后与对照组儿童进行气质比较。 【结果】 干预前两组气质分类结构比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。早产儿组干预后E及I-E型气质儿童增多,干预前后气质类型比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.88,P<0.05)。 【结论】 早期教育和气质干预可以促进早产儿气质良好发展,不同气质特点婴幼儿应采取不同的教养方式。     

早期营养干预对早产儿神经系统发育的影响

近年来,随着医疗水平的不断进步和围产医学的不断发展,早产儿的存活率明显提高,随之而来脑瘫、癫痫、智力低下等神经系统疾病的发病率也显著上升。早期充足的营养是早产儿神经系统发育和后来认知能力等发育结局的重要影响因素。本文综述了早期营养干预对早产儿脑和神经系统发育的影响,旨在了解营养素,营养补充剂与早产儿脑和神经系统发育的关系。     

神经节苷脂对婴儿生长发育影响的研究进展

目的 综述神经节苷脂在母乳中的含量及其对婴儿早期生长发育的影响,为探讨神经节苷脂在婴幼儿配方食品中的强化补充提供科学依据。 方法 检索PubMed、Web of Science和CNKI数据库,收集相关文献。 结果 婴儿生长发育所需的神经节苷脂主要来源于母乳和婴儿配方粉,在生命早期的脑发育、认知能力发展和肠道免疫功能发育等方面发挥重要作用。 结论 神经节苷脂对婴儿的神经发育和肠道免疫发育至关重要,婴儿配方食品中神经节苷脂的添加对早产儿和人工喂养婴儿的早期发展具有潜在益处。     

Soy-based formulae and infant growth and development: a review

Soy-based infant formulae, initially developed for infants who were lactose intolerant or allergic to cow's milk-based formulae, now account for >25% of the infant formulae sold in the United States. Formulations have changed over the years to improve digestibility, the stability and availability of minerals, and protein quality. Recent concerns have been raised regarding the phytoestrogenic isoflavone content of soy-based formulae. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate various measures of infant health and development in clinical studies comparing modern soy-based formulae with other diets and to document areas in which further research seems warranted. Results suggest that modern soy-based formulae support normal growth and nutritional status in healthy term infants in y 1 of life. However, there are very limited data on sexual and reproductive development or outcomes such as immune function, visual acuity/cognitive development and thyroid function. Available data do not provide evidence of meaningful differences in timing of maturation, sexual development or fertility in adolescents or adults. Nonetheless, given evidence suggesting that early exposure to soy and/or isoflavones might have long-term effects, further research following infants fed soy-based formulae into adulthood is warranted.     

早产脑损伤患儿脑瘫101例的危险因素分析

目的 探讨1岁以内有神经学异常的早产脑损伤患儿发生脑瘫的危险因素,为降低其脑瘫的发生率和伤残程度、早产儿脑瘫的早期正确诊断提供临床依据。方法 对101例年龄<1岁有神经学异常的早产脑损伤患儿进行随访观察,应用Logistic单因素法和逐步回归法分析脑瘫的危险因素。结果 随访至2岁时101例患儿中51例(50.50%)确诊为脑瘫,出生胎龄<32周、出生体重<2 500 g、头围<x--s、双眼内斜视、肌张力≥I⁺级、踝阵挛阳性、颅脑磁共振(MRI)显示脑室周围白质软化(periventricular leukomalacia,PVL)或基底节损伤、就诊时Gesell大运动发育商(DQ)<55分及进步速度<0.75是1岁以内有神经学异常的早产脑损伤患儿脑瘫的危险因素(P<0.05)。 结论 出生胎龄小,出生体重低、头围小、双眼内斜视,且肌张力高、踝阵挛阳性、颅脑MRI显示存在PVL或基底节损伤、就诊时大运动DQ低、进步速度慢对早产脑损伤患儿发生脑瘫有预测价值。建议临床上对早产脑损伤患儿的上述相关指标进行常规检查,并极力改善。早产儿早期肌张力增高应结合其他因素综合考虑、谨慎判断。     

The Effects of an Infant Formula Enriched with Milk Fat Globule Membrane,Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Synbiotics on Child Behavior up to 2.5 Years Old: The COGNIS Study

Although early life nutrition influences brain development and mental health, the long-term effects of supplemented infant formula on children´s behavior remain unclear. We analyzed the effects of a bioactive nutrients-enriched-infant formula on children’s behavior up to 2.5 years, compared to a standard infant formula or breastfeeding. Current analysis involved 70 children who were fed a standard infant formula (SF, n = 29) or a bioactive compounds enriched-infant formula (EF, n = 41), during their first 18 months of life, and 33 breastfed (BF) children (reference group) participating in the COGNIS study. Behavioral problems were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist at 18 months and 2.5 years. Different statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. EF children aged 2.5 years presented fewer pathological affective problems than SF children. Besides, SF children were classified more frequently as bordering on internalizing problems than BF children. Rates of externalizing problems were increased in SF infants compared to EF and BF infants. Higher maternal IQ was found to have beneficial effects on internalizing and total problem rate in their offspring at 18 months of life; finally, higher maternal educational level was related with fewer ADHD problems in children at 18 months, as well as internalizing, externalizing, total and anxiety problems in children aged 2.5 years. Our analysis suggests that enriched infant formula fed infants seem to show fewer behavioral problems up to 2.5 years compared to a standard infant formula-fed infants. In addition to type of early feeding, maternal IQ and educational level seem to play a key role on children behavioral development.     

综合干预对脑损伤高危儿神经发育的研究

目的 探讨综合干预对脑损伤高危儿神经系统发育的影响和干预时效性。方法 选择脑损伤高危儿,按照干预依从性原则,分为非干预组和干预组。干预组又根据干预时间窗分为新生儿期干预组(A组)、婴儿期干预组(B组)和幼儿期干预组(C组),同时选择同期出生的正常婴幼儿为对照组(E组)。分析不同组别婴幼儿运动、智能和神经发育结局。结果 新生儿期干预组除生后1周NBNA评分低于正常对照组外,各运动发育的建立时间、智能和神经发育水平均接近正常对照组。而各运动发育的建立时间评价发现,干预组优于非干预组,且新生儿期和婴儿期干预效果优于幼儿期干预组;智能低下和脑瘫的发生率比较发现,干预组优于非干预组(D组),且新生儿期和婴幼儿干预效果优于幼儿期干预组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 脑损伤一定程度上导致婴幼儿运动、智能和神经发育损伤,而综合干预有明显改善效果,干预时间越早效果越好。     

早产儿神经学评估工具研究进展

随着医疗救治水平的提升,我国早产儿数量有逐年增加的趋势,脑损伤早产儿数量也逐步上升,而早期识别、早期干预是改善预后的重要手段。神经学评估工具是一类早期识别异常的重要方法,其具有无创、经济、实用、易于操作的特点,已经广泛开展于临床。目前应用于儿童发育评估的工具种类很多,但早产儿由于胎龄小、脆弱等特点,大多数评估工具并不适用于早产儿评估,所以需要选择专用的早产儿神经评估工具。本文对目前国际上用于早产儿的神经评估工具进行综述,为临床选择提供参考。